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**Orobanche (Lie Dang):** Sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats the five labors and seven injuries in men, tonifies the waist and kidneys, enables procreation, and dispels wind and blood stasis. It can be boiled for consumption or soaked in wine before drinking. It grows on rocky cliffs in southern mountains, resembling lotus root rhizomes. When first sprouting, it is dug up and dried in the shade. Also known as Lidang. Another name is Cao Congrong. (Added currently)

*Shi Yi Xin Jing* records that it promotes sexual function. Take two jin of Lidang (also known as Lie Dang), grind and sieve into fine powder, soak in one dou of wine overnight, then drink to enhance libido.

**Scleroderma (Ma Bo):** Pungent in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats malignant sores and equine scabies. Also known as Ma Pi. It grows in long-decayed places within gardens. Tao Hongjing states: Common people call it Ma Bo. It is purple, hollow and soft, resembling a dog's lung; when flicked, powder emerges. Applying it to various sores yields excellent results. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, record: This is the Ma Pi fungus. It is soft like purple cotton wadding; when flicked, purple dust emerges. It grows in wetlands and on rotting wood, harvested in summer and autumn.

*Yan Yi* states: Ma Bo is what Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty referred to as "Niu Sou" and "Ma Bo," both of which are collected and used together. Some are as large as a dou, while others are as small as a sheng ladle.

Taking it with water treats dysphagia, heart pain, and chest fullness.

Current notes from other editions state: Ji (footwear), found in Jiangnan, unknown in the north; made from paulownia wood for the sole and heel. Using cattail for the heel, threaded with hemp through its nose. The part worn long on the feet can be used medicinally. (First added in *Tang Ben*) Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, record: Take those placed for a long time, nearly rotted and broken, and take with water.

**Cheng Ru:** Sweet and warm in taste, non-toxic. It treats traumatic injuries from metal weapons and fractures, internal damage from blood stasis, tonifies muscles and tendons, eliminates malignant blood, moves qi and blood, treats various postpartum blood disorders in women, abdominal pain due to stagnation, internal cold with loss of appetite. All should be dissolved in wine and taken. It can also be applied externally to the affected area. It originates from Western Tibet, resembling coagulated blood. Tibetan people decoct Licorice Root (*Gancao*), Pine Resin (*Song Lei*), and Cheng Ru.

Chen Cangqi states: When Tibetans test this medicine, they sever an infant's foot, place the medicine in the mouth, and step on it with the foot; if the infant can walk immediately, it is considered superior.

It treats snake venom by grinding and applying externally. Juiced and taken internally, it stops snake venom from entering the heart causing stifling sensation. Decocted and used to wash the feet, it reduces qi edema.

*Tang Ben* notes: Leaves resemble Polygonum, stems are red, pungent in taste, growing in damp watersides. Current notes from other editions state: Grows in shallow marshes, hence named Shuiliao.

**Shuiliao (Water Smartweed):** Pungent in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. *Ji Yan Fang* treats foot pain. First decoct Shuiliao in water, keep it at a suitable warm temperature, and frequently pour/wash over the area; the sore will dry and heal naturally.

*Yan Yi* states: Shui Hong Zi, regardless of quantity, lightly stir-fry half, leave half raw, grind together into powder, mix with good wine to take 2 qian, three times daily, once after meals and once before bed. Treats scrofula, even ulcerated cases. Shuiliao is generally similar to Shuihong, but with lower branches. Currently, in brewing, Shuiliao is soaked in water to extract juice. Mixed with flour to make yeast, borrowing its pungent flavor.