Library

(Added from *Bencao Yan Yi* in the Jiyou year)

**Tunluan (Porcine Testis)**
Sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats convulsions, epilepsy, and manic-depressive disorders; ghost-related diseases and gu poison; eliminates chills and fever; treats奔豚 (Bentun: a condition characterized by a sensation of gas rushing up from the lower abdomen) and five types of strangury (Ling); expels pathogenic factors causing tendon contraction. Also known as Tun Dian.
Dry in the shade and store; do not let it spoil.

**Xuantí (Porcine Hoof Nail)**
Mainly treats five types of hemorrhoids, latent heat in the intestines, and internal erosion caused by intestinal abscesses.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for five types of hemorrhoids: Porcine Xuantí is neutral in nature. *Yao Dui* states: slightly cold in nature.

**Si Zu (Porcine Feet/Trotters)**
Slightly cold in nature. Mainly treats various ulcerated sores from trauma; promotes lactation.

**Xin (Heart)**
Mainly treats fright-evil, sorrow, and resentment.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Ri Huazi states: Porcine heart treats convulsions, epilepsy, blood stasis, and pathogenic factors.

**Shen (Kidney)**
Cold in nature. Harmonizes Kidney Qi, unblocks and benefits the Bladder.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Meng Shen states: Porcine kidney treats Kidney deficiency; should not be consumed for long periods. Ri Huazi states: Porcine kidney supplements the Water Organ, warms the waist and knees, supplements the Bladder, and treats deafness. Although it tonifies the Kidney, it may lead to reduced fertility.

**Dan (Gallbladder)**
Mainly treats cold-heat conditions with thirst due to Shanghan (Cold Damage).
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for constipation: Porcine gallbladder is slightly cold in nature.

**Du (Stomach)**
Mainly tonifies the Middle Jiao and boosts Qi; stops thirst and promotes urination.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for malignant sores: Porcine stomach is slightly warm in nature. Meng Shen states: Porcine stomach treats acute dysentery and weakness. Ri Huazi states: Porcine stomach tonifies deficiency, kills parasites from chronic illness, and stops dysentery. Steamed and pounded with yellow glutinous rice into pills, it is very effective for treating Qi consumption and pediatric malnutrition with roundworms, yellow complexion, and emaciation.

**Chi (Teeth)**
Mainly treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Collected on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for convulsions and epilepsy: Porcine teeth are neutral in nature. Ri Huazi states: Porcine teeth treat pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Burned to ash and taken orally, they also treat snake bites.

**Gao (Brain/Marrow/Fat)**
Promotes hair growth.
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for alopecia: Porcine Gao is slightly cold in nature.

**Fang Gao (Lard/Porcine Fat)**
Mainly used for decocting various medicated plasters; detoxifies *Mylabris* (Spanish fly) and *Lytta* (blister beetle) toxins.

**Zhu Rou (Pork)**
Sour in taste, cold in nature. Treats manic disorders.

**Fan Zhu Rou (General Pork)**
Bitter in taste. Mainly causes closure of blood vessels, weakens sinews and bones, and relaxes muscles in deficient individuals. Should not be consumed for long periods; especially harmful for patients and those with open wounds.

**Zhu Shi (Pig Manure)**
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: According to general medicines for jaundice: Pig manure is cold in nature. Mainly treats chills and fever, jaundice, and bi-syndrome caused by dampness. Tao Hongjing states: Pigs have many uses, but their meat is not suitable for consumption. Excessive eating leads to sudden obesity, which is essentially false fat. The fat can nourish the skin and make hand cream that prevents cracking. Lard is used in almost all medicinal decoctions. Do not let it get wet. Manure from the 12th lunar month does not spoil over years.
The fat under the neck is called Fuge Fang, used by Daoists. Its urine/juice treats warm toxins. After eating its meat and drinking alcohol, one should not lie on sorghum or rice straw. White pigs with white hooves mixed with green are inedible. Pig fat is also incompatible with dark plums. *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: *Bie Lu* states that dirt from pig ears treats snake bites. Pig brain treats wind vertigo, tinnitus, and frostbite. Blood treats Bentun, sudden qi stagnation, stroke with dizziness, and dribbling urination. Milk treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Nipples also treat pediatric convulsions, ghost toxins, alternating chills and fever, and five types of strangury. The five zang organs treat pediatric convulsions and induce sweating. On the Hai day of the 12th lunar month, take fat, place it in a new clay vessel, bury it in the earth facing Hai for 100 days to treat carbuncles and sores. It is called Ou Zhi, used by physicians. Additionally, adding one sheng of fat to fourteen egg whites is even better. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Pork is cold in nature. Mainly suppresses vinegar intake; mild diarrhea should occur. If dysentery is present, do not take. Gallbladder treats dampness diseases, continuous discharge of pus and blood, dry retching, emaciation, and excessive sleep. For yellow complexion, mix gallbladder juice with ginger juice and strong vinegar (half he), enema into the lower part, press firmly until the vinegar smell reaches the throat, then release; this will expel foul matter and worms. It also treats emaciation and cough; mix gallbladder with urine, ginger, tangerine peel, Chinese olive, and peach bark, decoct and take. For constipation, insert a reed tube into the gallbladder, bind one end, insert three cun into the rectum, and irrigate; effects are immediate upon entering the abdomen. For pediatric head sores, apply gallbladder juice. **Zhu Yi (Pancreas)**, silk cloth, and lard from the 12th lunar month kill parasites and remain stable for long periods. **Zhu Huang (Gallstone/Bile Concretion)** treats open wounds and bloody dysentery.

**Ye Zhu Zhi (Wild Boar Fat)**
Taken with wine to promote lactation; can nurse five infants. Tooth ash treats snake bites. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Meng Shen states: Large pig head tonifies deficiency and fatigue, removes convulsions and epilepsy, treats five types of hemorrhoids, and expels mineral drugs. Intestines treat deficiency-thirst, frequent urination, and supplement lower Jiao exhaustion. East-facing sow manure (one sheng), soaked overnight, strained, and taken at once treats toxic yellow heat disease. Ri Huazi states: Pig is cool, slightly toxic. Meat treats mercury poisoning and evil qi from digging soil pits; long-term consumption causes false obesity and moves wind qi. Do not cook with beef, as it causes tapeworms. Fat treats skin wind, kills parasites, and applies to malignant sores. Intestines stop urinary frequency and supplement the lower Jiao. Generates blood, treats Bentun qi, and overseas miasma. Milk treats pediatric convulsions, "heaven-dangling" (tetanus-like symptoms), and adult pig/chicken epilepsy. Manure treats epidemic heat diseases, jaundice, and gu poison. East-facing female pigs are best. Nest grass treats pediatric night crying; place under the mat without the mother knowing. Generally, wild boar meat is superior to domesticated pork.

**Tu Jing (Illustrated Classics) Notes:**
*Tunluan*, *Ben Jing* does not specify origin, stating it is also called Tun Dian, dried in shade, stored properly. Yang Xiong's *Fang Yan* states: In Yan and Chaoxian, pigs are called [character]; in Guandong/Guanxi, called Zhi or Shi; in South Chu, called [character]. Offspring are called [character] or Zhu Zi; essentially the same. Current "Tunluan" likely refers to offspring. Pigs have many uses, but meat causes sudden obesity due to wind-deficiency. Heart is hot, treats blood deficiency, tonifies weakness, but consumes Heart Qi; do not eat with Evodia. Lung is slightly cold, tonifies Lung, good with hemp; do not eat with white flower cabbage, causes qi stagnation and cholera-like vomiting. Liver is warm, treats cold diarrhea and chronic dysentery with red/white discharge; for postpartum women, use one leaf of fetal liver, cooked with Chinese olive powder, chewed finely with aged rice water; also treats cold勞 (consumption) and abdominal deficiency. Spleen treats spleen/stomach deficiency-heat; cook with aged tangerine peel, ginger, ginseng, scallion, and aged rice into soup; eat on empty stomach. Kidney tonifies deficiency and strengthens Qi, resolves accumulation; avoid in winter as it damages true Qi and causes deficiency-fullness. Stomach treats bone-steaming heat-labor, blood vessel blockage, tonifies emaciation and Qi; suitable for all seasons. Zhang Zhongjing's Zhu Du Huang Lian Wan is an example. Marrow is cold, treats trauma and malignant sores. Xuantí treats hemorrhoids, intestinal abscesses, and internal erosion. Four hooves promote lactation, smooth skin, eliminate chills/fever. *Guang Ji Fang* method: For no milk, boil four trotters in two dou of water to one dou, remove trotters. Decoct ground root, Tong Cao, and Lou Lu in the juice to six sheng, strain. Add scallion and fermented soybeans, cook with little rice into thin porridge. Eat; slight warmth and sweat are good. If milk doesn't come, repeat 2-3 doses for great effect. Fang Gao treats malignant sores, benefits blood vessels, resolves wind-heat, moistens Lung; for plasters, collect on Hai day of 12th lunar month. Intestines treat wind-heat in large/small intestines; suitable to eat. Pancreas is cold, treats lung dryness/bloating/asthma, moistens five zang, removes rough skin. Combined with lard, it detoxifies *Mylabris*, *Euphorbia*, and other poisons. However, men eating too much damages Yang. Cui Yuanliang's *Hai Shang Fang* describes Pig Pancreas Wine for chronic cold dysentery: Spleen Qi deficiency, sudden cold enters spleen, tongue ulcers, loss of taste, vomiting after eating, borborygmus, chest oppression, dry peeling skin, knee/shin pain, deafness, heavy limbs, emaciation, ghost qi, women's blood/qi obstruction, irritability, weakness, inability to lift limbs, hypochondriac distension turning into fluid retention. Take one pancreas, finely cut, mix with Qing Hao leaves, add one da sheng of unfiltered wine. Take one xiao zhan on empty stomach at dawn, twice more at noon and night. Avoid hot noodles and greasy food. Gallbladder is very cold, treats bone-heat exhaustion, Shanghan thirst, pediatric five kinds of malnutrition, kills parasites. Teeth treat pediatric convulsions, taken as ash. Manure treats chills/fever and jaundice. Pig soup resolves venomous insect nightmares.

Generally, pigs have fine bones, few tendons, lots of fat; large ones weigh over 100 jin, eat little, easy to breed. *Er Ya* says: Zhi, five chi is Fen. Guo Pu notes: *Shi Zi* says large pig is Fen; Yuyang calls large pigs Fen. Wild boar gall treats open wounds. Very cold, toxic. Also called Hao Zhu, bristles like arrows, can shoot people. Found in Shaanxi, Luoyang, Jiangdong mountains. Meat is sweet/fatty, but excessive eating causes wind qi, benefits large intestine, leads to emaciation. *Shi Liao* meat is bitter, slightly cold, suppresses mineral drugs, treats heat-closed blood vessels. Deficient individuals moving wind should not eat long-term; reduces fertility, triggers old rashes. Treats Kidney deficiency. Meat generates phlegm; malaria patients must avoid or relapse occurs. River pig is neutral, meat sour, causes heaviness; modern cured meat often unrecognized, slight fishy smell. Tongue boiled with five flavors, juice drunk, strengthens spleen, supplements Qi, increases appetite. *Sheng Hui Fang*: Snake in mouth/seven orifices; cut sow tail tip, drip blood into mouth to expel. Another formula: Shaoyin disease, dysentery, sore throat, chest fullness, irritability. Zhu Fu (pig skin) one jin, water ten dou, boil to five sheng, strain, add honey one sheng, flour five he, cook until fragrant, mix, warm, divide into six doses. *Wai Tai Mi Yao*: Toxic heat swelling hands/feet, pain wanting to detach; pig fat mixed with sheep manure applied is good. Another: Blindness. One pig gall, simmer on low fire to millet-sized pills, insert into eye for a meal time, good. Another: Make small rope like thick hairpin, burn to ash, cool, apply to corneal opacity 3-5 times for cure. *Qian Jin Fang*: Head bruising from beating; roast pork hot compress, also apply pig liver. *Qian Jin Yi Lao Ren Ling Mian Guang Ze Fang*: Wash bald area with pure water, rub with raw cloth until hot, grind 12th lunar month lard with raw iron, boil 2-3 times, apply for hair regrowth. Another: Fistula. Dip paper in 12th lunar month lard, insert into wound hole, 5 times day, 3 times night. Another: Hand/foot cracking with bleeding/pain; wash with pig marrow in hot wine, curative. *Zhou Hou Fang*: Toxic swelling hands/feet, pain wanting to break. One pig trotter, boil with scallion, strain, add salt, soak. Another: Sudden edema, body/face swollen. Raw pig liver one, finely cut, eat at once, no salt, vinegar is excellent. Another: Five types of jaundice: Yellow, Grain, Wine, Black, Female Labor. Yellow sweat, slight swelling, chest fullness, no sweat, sweat like yellow palm juice, caused by sweating then entering water suddenly. Warm pig fat one jin, drink all, 3 times/day, should pass stool, then improve. Another: Ge Shi: Scabies. Fry Yuan Hua in pig fat, apply. Another: Women's vaginal itching/pain. Roast pig liver hot, insert into vagina, worms will attach to liver and exit. Another: Hand/foot cracking, facial bleeding/pain. Wash with wine and pig pancreas, also ingest. Another: Urinary retention. Large pig gall (egg-sized) treats constipation. Another: Placenta retention, abdominal fullness kills; take more fat, good. Another: Pediatric head white baldness, no hair. 12th lunar month pig manure, burned to ash, apply. *Jing Yan Fang*: Men's water organ deficiency, spermatorrhea, night sweats, dreaming of ghost intercourse. Take on empty stomach slightly warm, drink one zhan of wine, very good. 3-5 doses effective. *Jing Yan Hou Fang*: Stabilize asthma, resolve phlegm. 49 pig hoof nails, clean/dry, put Ban Xia and Bai Fan (each yi zi) in each nail, seal in jar, smokeless firing until red, grind fine, add She Xiang (musk) one qian bi. For asthma/cough, take with glutinous rice water; children half qian, excellent. Another: Impotence, emaciation, essence deficiency, limb weakness. One pair pig kidneys, remove fat membrane, cut, half jin Goji leaves, mix with two da zhan fermented soybean juice, cook into soup, add salt, pepper, scallion, eat on empty stomach. *Mei Shi Fang*: Centipede in ear. Roast pig fat meat until fragrant, cover ear, exits naturally. Another: Ants in ear. Roast pig/sheep fat until fragrant, place in ear hole, exits naturally. Another: Postpartum deficiency-labor, joint pain, incessant sweating. Use pig kidneys to make [dish], eat with scallion, soybean, rice as directed. Another: Carbuncles, back sores, breast sores starting red; if not treated urgently, fatal. Two sow trotters, 6 fen Tong Cao, wrap in silk, boil into soup, eat. Another: Heat disease with upper/lower erosion. One pig gall, one he Ku Jiu (vinegar), boil 2-3 boils, drink full mouth, worms die immediately, cured. Sun Simiao's *Shi Ji*: Do not eat pork regularly. White pigs with white hooves are inedible. Also: 12th lunar month lard kills parasites, can be decocted for plasters. *Shi Yi Xin Jing*: Spleen/stomach Qi deficiency, sweating after eating. One jin pig liver, slice thin on tile, sun-dry until cooked/dry, grind/sift to powder, cook white rice porridge, strain juice through cloth, mix with hands into wutong seed-sized pills. Take 50 pills on empty stomach with water, 5 times/day. Also treats cold spleen/stomach, vomiting after eating, red/white dysentery like paste, waist/navel cutting pain. Grind one pair pig kidneys, add pepper, tangerine peel, salt, sauce, chili powder. Also treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), drinking several dou day/night, frequent urination, emaciation. Drink meat with five flavors, cook porridge, good. Another: Fluid retention edema. One pig liver, cook into soup, eat with rice as desired. Also treats rising Qi cough, chest oppression, asthma. Cut pork thin into strips, fry in pig lungs, eat. Also 4 liang pig lard, boil 100 times, cut, mix with sauce/vinegar, eat. Also treats all lung diseases coughing with pus/blood. One pig pancreas, slice thin, hold in bamboo tube, roast over fire until very cooked, eat with meals. Also treats swelling starting from feet moving to abdomen. One pig liver, finely cut, spread on cloth, wash with vinegar, eat with garlic mash; if not finishing 3 liang, eat at once. Also treats floating edema/fullness, poor appetite, chest oppression. One pig liver, wash/cut into pieces, add scallion, soybean, ginger, pepper, roast well, eat. Or boil in water, eat alone. Also boil pig loin, cut raw, eat with garlic mash. Also treats postpartum wind-stroke, blood/qi issues, fright-evil, anxiety, rebellious Qi. One pig heart, cut, boil in soybean juice, mix with five flavors, eat. Also treats pediatric convulsions, unpredictable onset. Three he pig milk, wrap cotton, soak, let child suckle; more is better. Also treats liver congestion-heat, red gritty eyes, brightens vision, tonifies Liver Qi. Use one pig liver, slice thin, wash with water, drain/dry. Also treats chronic manic disorder, singing/laughing, walking endlessly, unpredictable onset. Use one jin pork, boil until cooked, cut thin like sashimi, mix with sauce/vinegar, eat. Or soup/porridge stir-fry. Eat as desired. Also tonifies deficiency Qi, removes convulsions. One pig head with bean sprouts, prepare as food, boil until very cooked, cool, cut thin like sashimi, eat with five spices and vinegar. Fan Wang treats rat-neck/scrofula: mix 12th lunar month pig fat, apply. *Shang Han Lei Yao* treats pediatric chills/fever and heat invading people. Burn posterior trotters to ash, mix with milk, take one cuo, effective. Another: Jaundice in men/women, uncured, yellow eyes/ears, indigestion, stomach heat, yellow coating (dry stool in stomach). Decocted pig fat one xiao sheng, warm, take at once, 3 times/day, dry stool passes then cured. *Qian Jin Sui* treats pregnancy 9 months, impending labor. One pig stomach, add scallion/five flavors per usual method, boil well, eat; finish remaining later, do not share with others. *Zi Mu Mi Lu*: Treats mastitis ("blowing milk"), chills/high fever. Soak pig lard in cold water, compress; change when hot, immediate effect. Yao Hezhong for newborns: One pig gall, seven sheng water, boil to four sheng, clarify, bathe infant, forever free from sores. Tan Shi Pediatric Formula: Treats chickenpox. Boil meat until soft, juice for washing; dried meat also works. *Li Ji* says: Pigs mate looking sideways, raw flesh inedible. Also says: When eating pork, remove brain.