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[Bark of Sapindus mukorossi (Wuchouzi Pi)]
Possesses slight toxicity. Primarily treats the removal of dirt and stains, elimination of facial pigmentation (melasma), and treatment of throat obstruction (Houbi). When ground and inserted into the throat, it provides immediate relief. It also treats Feishi (a sudden, wandering pathological condition attributed to ghostly influences). The kernels within the seeds, when burned until fragrant, can repel foul odors. Its fruits resemble lacquered beads and grow on large trees in mountain valleys. Also known as Jinlou or Huan. (Modern addition)
Minister Yuxi et al., according to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*, record: In ancient times, there was a divine shaman named Yao Ke, who could use talismans to rebuke hundred ghosts and kill captured spirits with wood from the Wuhuan tree. People competed to take this wood to make vessels for expelling ghosts, hence the name Wuhuan. Rihua Zi states: Bark of Sapindus mukorossi is neutral in nature.
Chen Cangqi states: Possesses slight toxicity. Primarily treats the removal of dirt and stains, elimination of facial pigmentation, throat closure (Houbi), Feishi; when ground and inserted into the throat, it provides immediate relief. The kernels within the seeds, when burned until fragrant, can repel foul odors in deep mountains. Large trees, also known as Jinlou or Huan. "Huan" and "Huan" are phonetic errors. *Bowuzhi* records: Leaves of Huan resemble willow, nut shells are hard and jet black, suitable for making incense tassels, repelling foul odors and cleaning dirt. *Gujin Zhu* records: Cheng Zhi asked about the tree name: "Why is it called Wuhuan?" The answer was: "In ancient times, there was a divine shaman named Yao Ke, who could use talismans to rebuke hundred ghosts; upon capturing a ghost, he would use this wood as a club to beat it to death. People passed down the tradition of using this wood for vessels to suppress ghosts, thus it is called Wuhuan."
*Cuanwen* records: Wuhuan is also called Jinlou; its fruit is good at removing dirt. Nowadays, monks string them together as prayer beads; those with a red base are best. *Cuanwen* states that Wuhuan is a tree name. The fruit can remove dirt, and the shell is black like lacquer. Questioning the Lu tree: "Why is it called Wuhuan?" Answer: "In ancient times, there was a divine shaman named Wuhuan; this wood could make talismans to rebuke hundred ghosts, so this wood was used as a club to kill them. People passed down the belief that this wood is detested by all ghosts, competing to take it for vessels to suppress ghosts, hence the title Wuhuan."
*Yanyi* records: Sapindus mukorossi seeds are now taken by Buddhists to make prayer beads, originating from Buddhist scriptures. Only small ones with a purple-red color are considered excellent. They are rarely used in medicine nowadays, but are available in Xiluo.

[White Bark of Catalpa (Zi Baipi)]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats heat conditions, eliminates three types of parasites (San Chong), and treats eye diseases.
Leaves, when crushed and applied externally, treat pig ulcers; feeding them to pigs can triple their weight. Grows in the valleys of He Nei.
Tao Hongjing states: This is the bark of the Catalpa tree. There are three types of Catalpa; one should use the variety that does not rot easily. Leaves treat burns and ulcerations on hands and feet. The method of fattening pigs with Tong leaves and this plant is not seen here, likely found in Shangqiu Zi's *Pig Raising Classic*. Tang Ben Zhu states: The flowers and leaves of these two trees, when taken to feed pigs, can both make them fat and easy to raise. Currently seen in *Li Shi Ben Cao* and *Bowuzhi*. However, they only mention feeding pigs to make them fat; the current mention of applying to pig ulcers is erroneous. *Bie Lu* records: The bark primarily treats vomiting and regurgitation (Wei Fan), eliminates three types of parasites, pediatric heat sores, body and head heat irritability, and erosive sores; bathing in decoction helps. Sealed application of tender leaves treats ulcerating sores. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Erya*: Yi is Zi. Explanation: These are two different names. Guo Pu says it is Qiu (*Paulownia*). *Shijing · Yong Feng* records: Yi, Tong, Zi, Qi. Lu Ji states: Zi refers to Qiu with loose grain, white color, and bearing fruit; Zi fruit with Tong skin is called Yi. Thus, they are largely similar with minor differences. Xiao Bing states: Tree resembles Tong but with smaller leaves and purple flowers.
Rihua Zi states: Decocted water washes pediatric high fever, all sores and scabies, and skin itching. There are several types of Catalpa bark; only Qiu Zi is excellent, others are unsuitable.
*Tujing* states: White Bark of Catalpa grows in the valleys of He Nei and is now common along nearby roads. Wood resembles Tong but with smaller leaves and purple flowers. *Erya* records: Yi is Zi. Guo Pu's annotation: It is Qiu. *Shijing · Yong Feng* records: Yi, Tong, Zi, Qi. Lu Ji states: Zi refers to Qiu with loose grain, white color, and bearing fruit, largely similar with minor differences. Another type is Shu Zi, also known as [missing character], belonging to the Qiu category. People in Jiangdong call it Hu Zi. *Shijing · Xiao Ya* records: North Mountain has [missing character]. Lu Ji states: Its branches, leaves, and wood grain resemble Qiu, being a variant of Shan Qiu. Now people call Ku Qiu (*Melia azedarach*) this. Shu Li, also known as Shu Zi, some say is this plant. However, the flowers and fruits of Shu Li are completely unlike, suggesting it might be a different plant with the same name. For medicinal use of Zi, one should select the variety bearing fruit as the principal agent.
Qiu and Zi are widely planted in palaces, temples, and gardens. Cui Yuanliang's *Ji Yan Fang* treats toxic swelling regardless of severity: wrap with old cloth, change three times daily. Toxic vapors should transform into water flow in the leaves; if taken in winter, use dry leaves soaked in salt water for a long time. Or take root bark, chop and crush, apply externally; both are effective. Also treats upper qi cough and abdominal fullness with emaciation and fatigue. Three dou of Qiu leaves, boiled in three dou of water for thirty boils, strain, and decoct into pills the size of dates. Insert into the lower orifice (anus) using a bamboo tube for immediate cure. *Qie Zhong Fang*:
Decoction of single ingredient Qiu leaf is a divine prescription for treating scrofula and ulcers: Around the Autumn Equinox at dawn, have someone hold a bag, rotate around branches to pick leaves, and put them in the bag. Weigh fifteen jin, add one shi of water, boil in a clean pot to obtain three dou. Change pots and decoct to seven or eight sheng. Change pots again and decoct to two sheng to form the concentrated syrup. Store in a non-porous vessel. For patients, first take half he of sesame oil, one fen of wax, and a piece of butter the size of a chestnut, melt together like face cream. Add seven almonds and one slice of ginger, mix evenly in the ointment. Apply to the sore first, wait two days, then wipe off. Use a comb to evenly spread the Qiu syrup over the sore, cover with soft cloth. Once every two days, wipe off and apply new medicine. Within five or six applications, if pus forms, it will generate flesh and heal flat; if not yet formed, it will resolve internally. After recovery, caution must be observed for half a year. During leaf collection and preparation, forbid filial sons, women, monks, chickens, and dogs from seeing it.