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Fructus Viticis Negundo (Mojing Shi)

Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats the elimination of cold and heat sensations between the bones, promotes the free flow of Stomach Qi, stops cough with counterflow of Qi, and directs Qi downward. Grows in Hejian, Nanyang, Yuanju, or on high banks in Pingshou, Duxiang, as well as in fields. The fruits are harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months and dried in the shade. (When used together with Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Semen Platycladi (Baishi), and Semen Celosiae (Qingxiang), it collectively treats Head Wind; Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) serves as a guiding herb; it is incompatible with Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao).)

Tao Hongjing stated: Hejian, Yuanju, and Pingshou are all in the north, while Nanyang is in the west. In discussing Fructus Viticis Posumbu (Manjing), he believed it should be the Vitex tree currently used for making canes, but he had not seen it personally. Its fruit is extremely small, resembling hemp seeds, with a greenish-yellow color. The fruit of Mojing is of similar size. Mojing Zi originates from the north, being as large as black beans, perfectly round and black. Immortal prescriptions often use Mojing, yet people today do not recognize it. Li Dangzhi's *Yao Lu* annotates under Sarsaparillae Caulis (Soushu): Soushu is also known as Yanglu, Mojing, or Kongsu. The bark is white and hollow, sometimes with nodes. The fruit resembles Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), is red, tastes sweet and bitter, and ripens in winter. Common people still do not recognize it. This described fruit is authentic, not the Yanglu found near human fences. According to this description, the therapeutic effects of Soushu are entirely different from those of Mojing, and their morphological categories differ significantly, which likely contradicts reality. However, immortal prescriptions use Mojing, claiming it can facilitate spiritual communication and vision of ghosts; not only its fruit is beneficial, but also its branches and leaves. It is further stated that if a Jing tree has branches growing opposite each other, it is Mojing; if not, it is not Mojing. Since it is called "Male" (Mu), it should not have fruit. Such matters cannot be verified as true or false without detailed investigation, requiring extensive inquiry and verification. The *Tang Ben Zhu* states: This is indeed the Jing tree used for making canes. The fruit is small and yellow; the stem is sturdy and grows as a tree, not climbing, hence named "Male" (Mu), implying it is not devoid of fruit. According to the *Book of Han · Treatise on Sacrificial Ceremonies*, Mojing stems were used as flagpoles, clearly indicating that Manjing is unsuitable for poles. It is now present everywhere. This Jing tree is not recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Based on current locations, it is actually Manjing, which Tao Hongjing erroneously attached to this entry. The *Bie Lu* states: Jing Ye (Vitex Leaves), bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic dysentery, cholera with muscle cramps, hematuria, and damp sores in the lower body. For thin legs, it treats Hongjiao (Charley horse/leg swelling) with fullness. The root, sweet and bitter, neutral, non-toxic, when decocted in water and taken, treats Heart Wind, Head Wind, various wind conditions of the limbs, releases the muscle layer, and induces sweating. There are green and red varieties, with the green variety being superior. Cited from *Leiju Fang*. People nowadays mistakenly identify Mojing as Manjing, which is a great error. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: When the stem of the Jing wood is cut and burned over fire, collecting the distilled juice (Li) to drink removes heart oppression, vexation, and heat, treats Head Wind with dizziness and vertigo, a sensation of nausea in the heart, sudden loss of voice, pediatric Heart Heat with fright and epilepsy, stops thirst, eliminates phlegm and saliva, and causes insomnia.

*Tujing* states: Mojing grows in the valleys of Hejian, Nanyang, and Yuanju, or on high banks in Pingshou and Duxiang, as well as in fields. It is now also found in Meizhou, Shuzhou, and areas near the capital. This is the type used for making canes, commonly known as Huangjing. The branches and stems are tough and sturdy, growing in clumps rather than climbing, hence called "Male." The leaves resemble Ricinus Communis (Bima) but are more sparse and slender. The flowers are red and form spikes. The fruits are fine and yellow, the size of hemp seeds; some say it is Xiao Jing. Harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months and dried in the shade. There are green and red varieties, with the green being better. Carefully according to Tao Hongjing's *Deng Zhen Yin Jue*: The flowers and leaves of Jing wood can facilitate spiritual communication and vision of spirits. The annotation states: There are three types of Jing. Directly referring to Jing Mu is what is currently used for canes; the leaves are fragrant, and it has flowers and fruits, but the fruits are not used in medicine. Alchemical practices use Mojing, and Mojing Zi is used in medicine; northerners hardly recognize the tree. *Liu Jia Yin Fu* states: Also known as Yanglu or Kongsu. The texture is white and hollow; it regenerates when cut and planted. Currently, Yanglu regenerates after cutting, but its flowers and fruits are minute, which is what pharmacists use. In the third year of Tianjian, the Emperor was about to prepare Immortal Rice. An edict discussed Mojing: Jing has white flowers and many fruits, with coarse seeds. They grow sparsely, no more than three or two stalks, mostly not round, sometimes flat or irregular, or resembling bamboo nodes. The leaves are indistinguishable from other Jings. Bees frequently gather from Mojing; Mojing juice is cold and sweet. Other Jings, when burned, produce bitter smoke and fire odor. Mojing has a slow body and solid juice, preventing smoke and fire from entering; it is the primary treatment for Heart Wind. At that time, searches were conducted far and wide, but none were found. Thus, Jing Ye was still used, which is what is currently available. Cui Yuanliang's *Ji Yan Fang* for treating waist and leg steaming method: Take an unspecified amount of Jing Ye, steam until hot, place in a jar, and apply heat underneath. Place the patient among the leaves, cover with remaining leaves, and sweat should occur shortly. Eat slowly within the medicinal environment; stop when slightly fatigued. Cover with cotton clothes, avoid wind, and consume Congchi Wine (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Wine) or Dou Wine (Bean Wine); continue until recovery. Additionally, take these Jing stems, cut them, burn them over fire, collect the distillate from both ends in vessels, and drink it. It treats heart oppression, vexation, heat, Head Wind with dizziness, nausea in the heart, sudden loss of voice, pediatric Heart Heat with fright and epilepsy, stops thirst, eliminates phlegm, and causes insomnia.

*Shenghui Fang*: Prescription for treating damp sores. Apply the distillate from burning Jing branches; effective. *Waitai Miyao* for Head Wind and headache: Take Jing, unspecified amount, to be taken orally. Same as *Ji Yan Fang*. *Qianjin Fang*: Prescription for bleeding from the nine orifices. Crush Jing Ye to extract juice, mix with wine, and take 2 liang. Another prescription: For Heart deficiency with palpitations and instability, emaciation. Take 2 sheng of Jing Li, boil down to 1.6 sheng, divide into four doses of 4 liang each, taken three times daily and once at night. Same as *Ji Yan Fang*. *Qianjin Yi* for throat swelling and sores: Swallow Jing Li gradually. *Zhouhou Fang* for sudden eye pain: Burn Jing wood to obtain yellow juice and apply. Another prescription by Yao Shi: For chronic bloody and white dysentery lasting five to six years. Burn large Jing branches as thick as an arm to obtain distillate, take 5-6 liang, and recover immediately. Another prescription for snake venom. Store Jing Ye in a bag and apply thinly to the swollen sore. *Shenshi Fang*: Prescription for sores. Burn Jing wood to obtain juice and apply; curative. Yao Hezhong: Prescription for opening infant ears. Take the white powder inside Jing seeds eaten by insects, mix with oil, and drip into the ear twice daily.