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Taste is sweet, nature is warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats deficiency and damage caused by wind-cold, pain and numbness in the waist and legs, calms the five Zang organs, and benefits Qi. Also known as Shi Yi Bing (Stone Malt Candy). It grows in the earth and stones of mountains. There is no fixed time for harvesting.

Tao Hongjing states: This stone is also a type of Stalactite (Zhongru Shi), with a shape similar to Tseng Qing (Malachite) but white with black spots, soft and easily broken. It is currently found on both the east and west sides of Maoshan and at Xiping Mountain, where it is obtained by chiseling out earthen niches. It is not seen in common prescriptions, but Liu Jun's Daoxian San (Immortal-Guiding Powder) in the *Xian Jing* (Scriptures of Immortals) uses it. Furthermore, the *Zhen Gao* records that Li Zheng collected and consumed it, treating wind-bi (Wind-Bi Syndrome) and deficiency damage, thereby attaining longevity. The *Tang Ben Cao Zhu* (Commentary on Tang Materia Medica) states: During the Sui Dynasty, there was an alchemist named Hua Gong who consumed what was also called Shi Nao (Stone Brain), originating from Songli Mountain in Xuzhou. Initially found within rotten stones, it is retrieved from depths of more than one zhang below the earth. It is as large as a chicken egg or a date; upon touch, it scatters like flour, yellowish-white in color. Locals call it Wo Xue Shi (Snow-Holding Stone), claiming that consuming it grants immortality. He met with Li Zheng. It is now appended to the Lower Grade category. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully note according to the Shu Ben Cao: The lower-grade Wo Xue Shi has different therapeutic indications. Su Gong erroneously cited the commentary on Wo Xue Shi to explain this herb. The details in the *Tu Jing* are recorded under the entry for Shi Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite).

Taste is pungent and sweet, nature is cold and greatly cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats body heat, promotes stomach function, relieves irritability, benefits essence, brightens the eyes, breaks up accumulations, eliminates three types of parasites, removes excessive heat and stagnant heat from the Ying and Wei levels, resolves toxic irritability, stops Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst syndrome), and treats stroke-induced flaccidity and bi-syndrome. Also known as Li Zhi Shi (Li Zhi Stone) and Ji Shi (Muscle Stone). It resembles Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), with smooth and fine grain. It grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and Lushan. There is no fixed time for harvesting. (Hua Shi (Talcum) serves as its assistant, and it is antagonistic to Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba)).

Tao Hongjing states: Hanzhong belongs to Liangzhou, and Lushan belongs to Qingzhou; currently, it is produced in Ningzhou. Its use among the populace is also rare. It is occasionally required in the *Xian Jing*, and is also referred to as Chang Li Shi (Long-Grain Stone). Shi Dan (Chalcanthite) is also known as Li Zhi; since this stone is also named Li Zhi, it is suspected that they must be confused categories. The *Tang Ben Cao Zhu* states: This stone occurs sandwiched between two other stones like a stone vein, and is used after being struck. Or it grows in overlapping layers within the soil. The skin is yellowish-red, the flesh is white, exhibiting needle-like grain patterns, looking completely unlike Shi Gao. People in Hanzhong soak it in wine and consume it to treat Pi Ji (abdominal masses), making people plump and radiant. Merchants sometimes scrape off the skin to substitute for Han Shui Shi (Alumen), and pass it off as Li Shi, all of which are counterfeit. Currently, this substance is not found in Lushan; it is seen on the banks of the Xixun River in Xiangzhou. The details in the *Tu Jing* are recorded under the entry for Chang Shi.

The *Dan Fang Jing Yuan* states: Chang Li Shi can be eaten.

The *Yan Yi* states: Li Shi resembles Chang Shi, but Li Shi resembles Shi Gao, with smooth and fine grain. Those that do not have a smooth and fine grain are Chang Shi. Their therapeutic effects are not far apart.