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Turnip and Radish (Wujing and Lufu)
Bitter in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily benefits the five zang organs, lightens the body, and supplements qi; it can be consumed for a long time. Wujing seeds primarily benefit vision.

Tao Hongjing stated: Lufu is the current Wensong (a type of cabbage-like vegetable); its root is edible, but its leaves are not suitable for consumption. The root of Wujing is thinner than that of Wensong, while its leaves resemble Song vegetables and are delicious. In the Xichuan region, only this variety is cultivated, and its seeds are very similar to those of Wensong, merely slightly finer. Folk prescriptions rarely use it, but practitioners of dietary therapy also refine and consume it, though they do not mention Lufu seeds, suggesting they are likely unused. Common people steam the roots or make pickles from them, which are both good, albeit with a slight smoky odor. There is also a KT root, which is finely textured and overly pungent, making it unsuitable for consumption.

The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Wujing is called Manjing in the north. Its roots, leaves, and seeds belong to the Brassica campestris var. rapifera group, completely distinct from Lufu, differing in both physical form and therapeutic application. The assertion that Wujing seeds resemble Lufu, or that Lufu leaves are inedible, coupled with the mention of a slight smoky quality, stems from the fact that these two plants were not produced in the Jiangbiao region; thus, the annotations lost their accuracy through speculation. Manjing seeds treat jaundice and promote urination. Boil three sheng in water, take the concentrated juice, to treat zhizhen jiju (abdominal masses); drinking small amounts treats huoluan (cholera-like disorder) and abdominal distension; taking the powder treats dim vision. Lufu is listed separately later. Consulting Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Wujing treats acute jaundice, internal jaundice, and abdominal obstruction. Grind into powder, extract juice with water, and ingest; sneezing should occur, followed by the discharge of yellow fluid from the nose and diarrhea. The *Xianjing* states: Long-term consumption enables grain avoidance (bigu) and longevity; it is also ground into powder and taken with wine. Manjing gardens have no spiders, indicating mutual antagonism. When made into oil and added to facial creams, it removes dark spots. In the Bingzhou, Fenzhou, and Heshuo regions, the roots are roasted and eaten, called Wurgen, retaining the name Wujing, which is the common term across North and South. Cultivated in the northern frontier, it is named Jiuying Manjing, with large roots used as military rations. Song vegetables are mostly cultivated in southern lands. Ministers Yuxi et al., consulting the *Erya*, state: Xu refers to Wu. Explanation: The *Book of Songs · Gu Feng* says: "Gather feng and fei." Mao Zhuan states: Feng is xu. Ancient scholars equated xu, feng, and cong. Sun Yan said: Xu is also called fengcong. Guo Pu's commentary notes: Wu resembles sheep's sorrel, with fine leaves, sour taste, and is edible. Commentary on the *Book of Rites · Fang Ji*: refers to Manjing. In Chen and Song regions, it is called . Lu Ji stated: Feng and Wujing are called jie in Youzhou. The *Fangyan* states: Rao is Wujing. In Chen and Chu, it is called ; in Qi and Lu, it is called Rao; in Guanxi, it is called Wujing; in Zhao and Wei, it is called Dajie. , feng, wu, rao, jie—these seven names refer to one plant. Meng Shen stated: Manjing aids digestion and directs qi downward. Its seeds, after nine steaming and nine drying cycles, ground into powder, promote longevity. Pressed oil applied to hair turns gray hair black. Additionally, grinding seeds into facial cream effectively reduces wrinkles. Grinding seeds and mixing with water treats heat jaundice and constipation; diarrhea ensues shortly, expelling all impurities, sand, stones, grass, and hair. It also promotes urination. For women with nursing breast abscesses, crush fresh roots, mix with salt, vinegar, and fermented rice wash, and apply the juice externally; five to six applications cure it. Alternatively, mix with egg white and apply topically. Xiao Bing stated: Manjing seeds are used in pills to enhance physique and strength, particularly beneficial for women. Liu Yuxi's *Jiahua Lu* recorded: Wherever Zhuge Liang stationed, he ordered soldiers to cultivate Manjing exclusively because: 1) Sprouts are edible raw; 2) Leaves can be boiled and eaten; 3) They grow continuously during long stays; 4) Discarding them causes no regret; 5) They are easy to find and harvest upon return; 6) Roots are available for winter consumption. Compared to other vegetables, its utility is abundant. People in the Three Shu regions now call Manjing "Zhuge Vegetable," as do those in Jiangling. Rihua Zi stated: Manjing has short stalks and large leaves, growing above ground; broad red-leaved varieties are Manjing.

The *Tujing* states: Wujing and Lufu were not originally listed with specific origins; now they are widespread in both North and South. Wujing is Manjing; Lufu is the lower Radish (bu), commonly known as Luobo today. These two vegetables are especially abundant in the North. Wujing is available year-round: eat shoots in spring, hearts in summer (also called Taizi), stems in autumn, and roots in winter. Heshuo cultivates it extensively, using it for famine relief. Among vegetables, none is more beneficial. Regular consumption benefits the middle jiao, supplements qi, and promotes robustness. *Jiahua Lu* records: Zhuge Liang ordered Manjing cultivation for the same six reasons listed above. Liu Yuxi affirmed this. Harvest in late summer and autumn. Immortal prescription: Can be taken alone. Boil in water three times until bitterness disappears, dry, grind, and sift. Take two qian bi with water, three times daily. Long-term increased dosage enables bigu. Treats yellowing of the skin; used in small intestine formulas. Treats Qingming (blindness). Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* states: If the pupil is intact, nine out of ten cases heal. Six sheng of Manjing seeds: steam once until vapor penetrates, cover the pot, pour hot water from a cauldron over them, dry, repeat three times. Grind into powder. Take two cun bi with clear wine after meals, twice daily. Also used in facial creams. Treats mastitis with chills and fever: select clean Manjing roots and leaves, do not wash with water, crush with salt, apply to breasts; change when hot, within three to five changes, it heals. In winter, use roots only, avoiding wind. Southerners planting northern seeds resemble the original in the first year but turn into Song vegetables in the second or third year. Lufu has similar effects but is stronger. Duanyang Formula: Roasted roots are used in medicine to counteract wheat toxicity. A Brahmin monk from the East remarked on eating wheat noodles, calling them too heating, and advised consuming Lufu to neutralize this effect; hence, the tradition of eating Lufu with wheat products. For overeating, chewing raw Lufu is effective. Seeds ground and taken with water induce vomiting of phlegm-wind effectively. There are large and small varieties; large ones are firm and best steamed; small ones are white, crisp, and best eaten raw. *Erya* mentions "Lu Fei." Guo Pu described it as purple-flowered Song vegetable, commonly called Wensong, resembling Wujing with large roots. Another name is Baotu. Purple-flowered Song and Wensong are southern terms. Wu people call it Chu Song; Guangnan people call it Qin Song. Heshuo Lufu can be extremely large, a long-standing observation. During the Southern Tang period, specimens from Anzhou, Hongzhou, and Xinyang were very large, weighing five to six jin or nearly one sheng, due to favorable cultivation conditions. Physicians currently use it for xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome): Take three radishes, wash, slice thinly, dry, grind into powder. Take two qian, mixed with clarified pork broth, after meals and before bed, three times daily, gradually increasing to three qian until cured.

Dietary Therapy: Warm in nature. Directs qi downward, treats jaundice, promotes urination. Roots treat xiaoke and wind-heat swelling. Overconsumption causes qi stagnation and fullness. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats wind-rash entering the abdomen, body stiffness, dry tongue. Take three liang of Manjing seeds as powder, one qian bi with warm wine. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats abdominal distension. Cook Manjing, grind with one sheng of water, filter to obtain one zhan, take at once. Peristalsis or sweating follows, leading to recovery. Another formula: For Yin Jaundice (sweat stains clothes, yellow sputum/nasal discharge), take Manjing seed powder, one spoonful with well water at dawn, twice daily, increasing to two spoons until effective. Soak a cloth in urine nightly, record color daily; whiteness indicates cure, within five sheng. Another formula: Lightens body, supplements qi, brightens eyes. One sheng Wujing seeds, nine sheng water, boil until liquid is gone, dry, repeat three times, grind. Take one fang cun bi with water, three times daily. Another formula: Treats Biao Ju (carbuncles) on hands, feet, shoulders, back, appearing like millet grains, white; scrape juice, wrap in cloth, apply until suppuration stops. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats alopecia. Mix Manjing seed powder with vinegar, apply, three times daily. Grind and mix into facial cream. Another formula: Long-term use brightens eyes, improves night vision, nourishes intestines. Three sheng Wujing seeds, take one fang cun bi, increase to three, three times daily, no restrictions. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats recurrent sores. Ge Shi Formula: Sudden swelling and pain. Large Wujing roots, peel outer skin, cook and crush, mix with vinegar to paste, boil three times, stir quickly, apply to swelling, wrap with cloth, change multiple times daily. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats deficiency-related dim vision. Collect Manjing flowers in March, dry in shade, grind. Take two qian bi with well water on an empty stomach. Long-term use promotes longevity and night reading. Sun Simiao's Dietary Taboos: Treats jaundice with golden skin/eyes and red urine. Take raw [Manjing] one cun bi, three times daily. Another formula: Treats all heat-swelling toxins. Take a handful of fresh Manjing roots, add salt, crush, apply to swelling, three times daily. *Jiliao*: Men with scrotal swelling the size of a dou, painful nodules, untreatable by others: crush Wujing roots and apply. *Bingbu Shouji*: Chills and fever, saved over ten people: Manjing roots and leaves, clean without washing, crush with salt, apply to breasts. Change when hot, within three to five times. Winter: use roots only, avoid wind. *Shanghan Leiyao*: *Shenxian Jiaozi Fa*: On Gengzi days after Start of Spring, warm Wujing juice, entire family drinks freely, treats seasonal epidemics. Another formula: Acute Jaundice. Drink one zhan of Manjing seed oil at once. If oil unavailable, crush seeds, mix with water, also effective. *Zimu Milu*: Treats difficult urination in pregnancy. Manjing seed powder, one fang cun bi with water. *Baopuzi*: Boil Manjing seeds in strong vinegar until cooked, dry, grind. Take one fang cun bi with well water, three times daily, finish [prescription]. *Shijing* says: "I have stored delicacies to ward off winter."

*Yanyi* states: Wujing and Lufu are two vegetables. Lufu is radish. Wujing is now commonly called Manjing. It withers in summer; replanted in vegetable gardens then, called Jimao Cai. Eating the heart occurs in spring. Among all vegetables, it is beneficial without harm, contributing to society. The qi gathered [in it]. Produced in Hedong and Taiyuan is largest, surpassing other regions; also from Tuyuhun. Later, in the Lufu section, *Erya* explains: Only named Lufu, now called radish. Thus, mentioning Lufu in the Wujing section is redundant. Follow *Erya* as correct.