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Taste: sour; Nature: warm, slightly cold; Toxicity: non-toxic. Indicated for carbuncles and sores (Yongju), malignant ulcers (Echuang), subcutaneous nodules (Jierou), tendon injuries (Dieren), foul and unhealing ulcers (Baichuang), excess heat (Reqi), chronic erosion of the yin region (Yinshi Buchou), and to facilitate joint movement.

Long-term consumption lightens the body and benefits Qi. The root stops dysentery and diarrhea with abdominal pain, clears wandering heat in the five zang organs, eliminates rebellious pathogenic qi, treats tuberculous skin lesions (Julai) and various malignant ulcers, metallic weapon wounds and beatings (Jinchuang Shangda), promotes flesh regeneration and muscle repair. Also known as Qiangwei, Qiangma, Niuji, Niule, Qiangmi, and Shanji. Grows in the valleys of Lingling and Shu commandery. Harvested in August and September, dried in shade.

Tao Hongjing stated: Ying Shi is the seed of Rosa multiflora, with those from white-flowered varieties being superior. The root can also be boiled to make wine, and the stems and leaves can be boiled as a beverage. Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, stated: It is Rosa multiflora. The stems have many thorns, grow as vines, the seeds resemble those of Du Tang, the flowers are numerous, leaves emerge in eights or sixes, either red or white, now found everywhere. Ge Hong's formula for treating metallic wounds: Use one square-inch spoonful of Rosa multiflora ash powder, taken three times daily. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Rosa multiflora, when used as an assistant drug, has a bitter taste. The seeds treat head sores and alopecia capitis (Baitu) and clear wandering heat in the five zang organs. Ri Huazi stated: The root of white Rosa multiflora has a bitter and astringent taste, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. Treats wind-heat toxicity, carbuncles and sores, malignant ulcers, toothache, expels pathogenic factors, unblocks blood vessels, stops bloody and purulent dysentery, intestinal wind bleeding, malignant ulcers, scabies, and tinea, and abdominal pain due to threadworms in children. Wild-grown white varieties are preferred.

Lei Gong stated: It is Rosa multiflora. Upon collection, remove the roots and wipe off the yellow hairs with coarse cloth. Finely chop on a locust wood cutting board using a knife, moisten with fermented grain water. Steam overnight, take out at dawn, and dry in the sun for use. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats fish bones stuck and splinters not protruding. Take Rosa multiflora root powder with water, one square-inch spoonful, three times daily. Another formula: Treats broken arrows or splinters embedded in flesh where pus sacs do not form, hardness, and severe pain. After ten days of taking it, the stuck objects will penetrate through the skin. Another formula: Treats enuresis during sleep in young children without awareness. Chop the root according to quantity, drink with wine. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats persistent mouth ulcers and sores arising in the chest that have not healed for over three years. Boil the root in concentrated decoction, swallow slowly for effect. In winter, use the root; in summer, use the stems and leaves. Another formula: Treats obstructive heat causing ulceration and rotting of sores in the mouth and tongue. Chop the root, boil in concentrated decoction, and gargle. In winter, use the root bark; in summer, use the stems and leaves. Another formula: For various swellings, back carbuncles, and suppurating boils that have ulcerated and caused pain. Roast the Rosa multiflora husk and apply as a hot compress, leading to immediate healing. Another formula: Treats infantile malnutrition with dysentery characterized by frequent defecation. Wash and cut fresh Rosa multiflora root, boil in concentrated decoction according to appropriate quantity, drink slowly until recovery. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Treats mouth ulcers. Avoid wind, clean the root to remove soil, boil in concentrated decoction, hold warm in the mouth, replace when cool. Same as *Taiping Shenghui Fang*.