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Nature: Slightly warm. Treats toxic swelling caused by wind-water, removes foul qi and latent *shizhu* (a chronic wasting disease).

Tao Hongjing stated: This is essential for perfumers making incense blends, but is not formally used as a medicinal herb. The commentary of the *Tang Bencao* notes: It resembles white resin. It originates from Tianzhu (India) and Shanyu. Minister Yuxi and others carefully noted according to the *Nanfang Caomu Zhuang*: It originates from Daqin (Rome/Byzantium). On the seashore, large trees naturally grow in the sand; in midsummer, tree gum flows out onto the sand. Barbarians collect it.

The content of the *Tujing* is detailed under the entry for Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood).

The *Tang Bencao* records Xunluxiang (Frankincense), nature slightly warm. Removes foul qi, treats malignant sores. Originates from Tianzhu (India) and Handan. Resembles pine resin, yellowish-white; those from Tianzhu are mostly white, those from Handan have greenish tints, and the fragrance is not strong. Meishi Fang treats unbearable toothache caused by tooth worms. Chew Xunluxiang and swallow its juice for immediate recovery.

Nature: Slightly warm. Treats toxic swelling caused by wind-water, removes foul qi, treats Huoluan (cholera-like disorder), and heart pain.

Tao Hongjing stated: These are all essential for perfumers, but are not formally used as medicines. The commentary of the *Tang Bencao* notes: The Jitexiang tree has leaves and bark resembling the chestnut tree, flowers like plum blossoms, and fruits resembling jujube pits. This is the female tree. It is not used in incense blends. The male tree blooms but does not bear fruit; its flowers are collected and fermented to produce incense. It originates from Kunlun and areas south of Jiaoai.

[Text gap/corruption here, inferred context] Placed in the mouth, it makes the body fragrant. The *Qimin Yaoshu* states: Common people call it Dingzi Xiang because it resembles a clove bud.

The content of the *Tujing* is detailed under the entry for Chenxiang (Aquilaria Wood).

The *Waitai Miyao* records a formula for treating dental caries: Boil the juice of Jitexiang and hold it in the mouth for recovery. Another formula: For sudden sores on the lips and tongue. Use powder of Jitexiang, wrap in cotton, and hold in the mouth for recovery. The *Baopuzi* records decocting Jitexiang with Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) and milk to treat eye diseases. Ying Shao’s *Han Guan Yi* records that an elderly official of the Han Dynasty侍中 (Attendant Gentleman) had bad breath, and the Emperor granted him Jitexiang to hold in his mouth. Shen Kuo’s *Bitan* records Zi Ji’s *Lingyuan Fang Lun* on Jitexiang, considering it the mother of Dingxiang (Clove), which comes from Chen Shi’s *Shiyi*. Upon careful examination, this is still not accurate.

According to the *Qimin Yaoshu*: Jitexiang is called Dingzi Xiang by the world because it resembles a clove bud; it is exactly what is now known as Dingxiang (Clove). Rihuazi stated: Jitexiang treats halitosis (bad breath); medical formularies to this day agree. Furthermore, the ancient formula Wuxiang Lianqiao Tang uses Jitexiang. The Wuxiang Lianqiao Tang in the *Qianjin Fang* lacks Jitexiang but contains Dingxiang, which is the most clear evidence. The newly supplemented Bencao added a separate entry for Dingxiang, likely due to a lack of deep investigation. What is currently used as Jitexiang in the world is obtained from Ruxiang (Olibanum/Frankincense); it is as large as Cornus officinalis fruit, cut open reveals a pit like a persimmon seed, has almost no odor, and using it to treat diseases is highly absurd and erroneous.