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[Shepherd's Purse Herb / Jiao Hao]
Pungent, bitter, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats various malignant sores caused by dampness, especially those with parasitic infestation.
The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: The leaves resemble *Artemisia lavandulaefolia* (Bai Hao), the flowers resemble *Dianthus superbus* (Qu Mai), are red and lovely; the seeds resemble *Vaccaria segetalis* (Wang Bu Liu Xing), are black and pod-like. Harvested in July and August.
It grows everywhere. Chen Cangqi stated: Hao (referring to another species of mugwort), pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood stasis and qi stagnation; when boiled for food, it resembles *Cirsium japonicum* (Xiao Ji). Grows on high ridges. The perennial roots sprout before white grass. Also known as E Hao. *Erya* states: E is Luo. Annotation: It is Hao. Explanation: *Shi Jing · Xiao Ya* states: "Lush are the E." Lu Ji stated: E Hao, also known as Luo Hao. Grows in wet fields near water. Leaves resemble *Artemisia selengensis* (Xie Hao) but with finer stems, growing in mid-March. The stem is edible, can be steamed, fragrant and delicious, taste similar to *Artemisia argyi* (Lou Hao).
Lei Gong stated: When using, do not use Hong Hao or Xie Hao, as these two truly resemble Jiao Hao, only the upper pods are shorter. After harvesting, finely chop on a locust wood cutting board for use.
*Waitai Miyao*: Generally, exposed gums are mostly due to gan accumulation. Take ash from Jiao Hao, apply to the gums at night. Caution during administration: avoid greasy foods, sugar, and dried dates. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats mouth sores that have not healed for a long time, extending into the chest causing sores there. Apply Jiao Hao ash; movement/efficacy occurs after one night. If there is fluid in the mouth, spit it out. *Gong Qi Fang* treats pediatric mouth sores. Apply Jiao Hao ash to the sore, excellent effect.
*Yanyi* states: Jiao Hao, stems and leaves resemble Qing Hao, opens pale red-purple flowers, flower diameter approx 3-4 fen. After flowering, forms pod-like fruits, approx 2 cun long, slightly curved. Seedlings and pods are superb for treating oral and dental diseases.

[Madou Ling / Aristolochia Fructus]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats lung heat cough, phlegm obstruction with wheezing, bloody hemorrhoids, and sores. Grows in Guanzhong region, vines winding around trees. Seeds shaped like bells, divided into four or five lobes. (Added later)
Minister Yu Xi et al. according to *Yaoxing Lun* state: Madou Ling, neutral in nature. Can primarily treat urgent upward rush of lung qi, inability to breathe while sitting, continuous retching cough. Ri Huazi stated: Treats hemorrhoidal sores, burn the medicine in a bottle to fumigate the affected area; for internal use, stir-fry, this is Tu Qing Mu Xiang, the fruit of *Aristolochia debilis* root. Yuezhou harvests in July and August.
*Tujing* states: Madou Ling, grows in Guanzhong, now also found in Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kuizhou, and Zhezhou prefectures. Spring shoots grow like vines, leaves resemble taro leaves, June blooms yellow-purple flowers, resembling goji berry flowers, July bears fruit the size of a jujube like a bell, divided into four or five lobes. Its root is named Yunnan Gen, resembles Mu Xiang, thickness of a little finger, reddish-yellow. Also called Tu Qing Mu Xiang. Harvest fruits in July and August, dry in sun. Primarily treats lung diseases. Harvest roots in March, treat qi stagnation in diaphragm, stop stabbing pain.
Lei Gong stated: When using, after harvesting remove leaves and vines, place in raw silk bag, hang near the corner of the east house to dry. Split into slices, take the inner seeds, remove all membranes, use only the seeds. Do not leave any membrane residue; if used with skin, it is improper. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats five types of gu poison. Use 3 liang of Doulings root, grind to powder, divide into three doses, decoct with 1 sheng of water until reduced to 0.5 sheng, remove dregs, take frequently. Should vomit out gu poison; if not complete, take again, until complete. Another prescription: For grass gu, prevalent in Lingnan. If people encounter this poison while traveling, everyone suffers severe throat pain nearly fatal. Use 1 liang of Doulings seedlings, grind to powder. Mix with warm water, take 1 qian bi, immediately digests, gu poison exits, effective. *Waitai Miyao*: Cui Shi snake gu, contracted through food/drink. Sensation of foreign body in throat, cannot swallow, cannot spit out, chest stuffiness and heat. Taking Doulings causes vomiting. Then take 1 qian bi of musk, immediately vomits out gu poison. *Jianyao Jizhong Fang*: Treats lung asthma and wheezing. 2 liang Doulings, use only inner seeds, remove shells, mix with 0.5 liang su (clarified butter), stir evenly, stir-fry slowly until dry, 1 liang Gancao stir-fried, both ground to powder. Each dose 1 qian, 1 sheng water, decoct to 0.6 sheng, drink warm or hold powder in mouth to swallow saliva, also acceptable.
*Yanyi* states: Madou Ling, vine-growing, attaches to wood and climbs up. When leaves fall, the bells still hang. Shape resembles horse neck bells, hence the name. However, when ripe, they naturally split, occasionally having intact seeds. Harvest time must be between August and September. Treats lung asthma and急促 breathing.