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Taste: Sweet; Nature: Neutral; Toxicity: Non-toxic. Mainly treats accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, eliminates three types of parasites. Grows in mountain valleys. Harvested in February.

Tao Hongjing stated: It resembles small taro roots, with white flesh and yellow skin, also found near major roads. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Zhe Kui (Aristolochia debilis), the large ones are as big as a dou (a unit of volume), the small ones as big as a sheng (a unit of volume).
Medicinal material
Resembles Du Heng (Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum). It grows as a vine on grass and trees. Has slight toxicity. What Tao described is actually Tu Luan (Dioscorea bulbifera var. aphylla). It is unsuitable for medicinal use. People in Liang and Han regions call it Huang Du (Dioscorea polystachya), steaming and eating it. This is not Zhe Kui.臣 Yuxi et al. carefully followed the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*: The seedlings grow spreading vines, leaves resemble Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii (Luomo), roots resemble Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (Baqian), skin is purple-black, flesh is yellow-red, large ones have a circumference like a sheng, small ones like fists, now available everywhere. According to the *Ben Jing*, it is non-toxic. But Su Gong said it has slight toxicity. Also mentioned that what Tao described was eaten by people in Liang and Han after steaming. Thus, it is clearly non-toxic. Therefore, Tao's statement is correct. Chen Cangqi stated: Regarding Tu Luan, it grows as a vine, roots resemble taro, people boil it with ash water to eat, but no efficacy is heard of.

Guan Zhong (Cyrtomium fortunei)
Taste: Bitter; Nature: Slightly Cold; Toxicity: Toxic. Mainly treats evil heat qi in the abdomen, various toxins, kills three types of parasites, removes Taenia solium (Cunbai), breaks up masses and growths, eliminates head wind, stops bleeding from metal wounds.
Flowers treat malignant sores, cause diarrhea. Also known as Guan Jie, also known as Guan Qu, also known as Bai Tou, also known as Hu Juan, also known as Bian Fu, also known as Bo Ping,
also known as Le Zao. This refers to Cao Chi Tou (Cyrtomium fortunei). Grows in mountain valleys of Xuan Mountain and Yuanju Shaoshi Mountain. Roots harvested in February and August, dried in shade. (Fungi act as its guide drug.)
Tao Hongjing stated: Also found near major roads. Leaves resemble large ferns, roots' color, shape, and hairy bristles completely resemble an old owl's head. Hence called Cao Chi Tou.臣 Yuxi et al. carefully followed the *Erya*: Luo, i.e., Guan Zhong. Commentary: Leaves are round and sharp, stems are black and hairy, spread on the ground, do not die in winter, also known as Guan Qu, *Guangya* calls it Guan Jie.
Reddish, curved ones are called Cao Chi Tou, used to treat head wind. Now found in shady places in mountain valleys everywhere. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Guan Zhong acts as a guiding drug. Mainly treats abdominal heat, with Adzuki Bean (Chi Xiao Dou) as the guiding drug. Kills Taenia solium.
*TU Jing* states: Guan Zhong grows in mountain valleys of Xuan Mountain and Yuanju Shaoshi Mountain. Now widely grown in Shaanxi, Hedong prefectures, and between Jing and Xiang, but rarely flowers. Spring shoots emerge red. Leaves large like ferns. Stems are triangular. Leaves green resembling young chicken beaks, also known as Feng Wei Cao (Phoenix Tail Grass). Roots purple-black, shaped like large melons, with black hairy roots underneath, resembling an old owl. *Erya* states: Luo (pronounced Shuo Ruo Qie), i.e., Guan Zhong. Guo Pu's commentary states: Leaves are round and sharp, stems are black and hairy, spread on the ground, do not die in winter. *Guangya* calls it Guan Jie, which is correct. Roots harvested in March, sun-dried. People in Jingnan take the root powder, mix with water, and ingest one qian bi (a small measure), effective for stopping epistaxis.