Salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats lightening the body and benefiting qi (enhancing physical agility and replenishing vital energy). Also known as Tuanshi. Grows beside water marshes; fruits are large, leaves up to one chi long. Harvested in the fifth month.
Minister Yuxi et al. note according to Chen Zangqi: Nowadays, people in the East call the large-leaved plant growing in field water "Niuer Cai" (Cow Ear Vegetable) due to its resemblance to a cow's ear.

Sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats dizziness and headache, benefits qi, and promotes muscle growth. Also known as Dihuang. Harvested in the third month; the mother plant dies after Start of Summer.
Minister Yuxi et al. note according to Chen Zangqi: Yangru (Sheep Milk Vine), roots resemble those of Shepherd's Purse but are round, about the size of a fist, with horn-like nodes; when cut, white juice flows out. People harvest the roots similarly to how they harvest Shepherd's Purse, in the third month. The seedlings grow as vines, exuding white juice when broken.

Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats alopecia capitis (hair loss on the head), severe sores, scabies, pruritus, and tinea crustosa (pronounced "xuan"). Grows in Shu Commandery.

Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats strangury (difficulty or inability to urinate). Also known as Xingluo, also known as Niluo.

Salty in flavor, foul-smelling. Primarily treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (Jingxian), Ben Tun syndrome (a condition characterized by a sensation of gas rushing from the lower abdomen upwards), and [symptom missing] in adults. Harvested in the fifth month.

Acidic in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats lightening the body and benefiting qi. Grows in Danyang Lingdi; plants are about one chi high, fruits resembling dates.

Acidic in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. Primarily treats corrosive action on severe sores. Also known as Qianque. Grows among rocky valleys by the sea.
Tao Hongjing states: Leaves and fruits both resemble Mai Li (Wheat Plum).

Salty in flavor. Primarily benefits qi and brightens the eyes. Also known as Qumu, also knowneng Shenggen. Grows amidst Isatis plants; leaves are fine and yellowish, stems are red and thorny. Fruits mature in the fourth month (pronounced "rui"), yellow inside with black centers. Harvested in the fifth month, dried in shade.

Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily brightens the eyes, treats wind-cold affecting the eyes, various deficiencies, edema, pathogenic factors, tonifies the middle jiao, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and treats leukorrhea (Baiwo) in women. Also known as Yinluo. Grows at Jishan; harvestable at any time.

Bitter in flavor. Primarily treats impotence. Also known as Wu Kui. Resembles Lanxiang, with red stems, grows in mountainous southern exposures. Harvested on the fifteenth day of the fifth month, dried in shade.

Acidic in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats bi-syndrome with cold, alternating chills and fever, and cough. Also known as Wuxin. Grows in low-lying areas of fields; leaves are thick, stems are plump.

Acidic in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily removes retained blood, calms fright and qi, and treats She Xian (snake-like epilepsy). Grows on the sunny side of large waters. Flowers harvested in the fourth month, roots harvested in the eighth month.

Contents