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Gallbladder of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Dan)
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats redness, heat, and pain in the eyes, Qing Mang (blindness or blurred vision), and improves vision. Long-term consumption makes one robust and strengthens willpower, benefiting Zhi Qi (spirit and vitality).

Meat of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Rou)
Sweet, primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, jaundice, and stops thirst. Raw meat primarily treats edema and fullness in the legs, and directs Qi downward.

Chen Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to general medicines for abdominal distension and edema: Cyprinus carpio is cold. *Yao Dui* states it is neutral. Chen Shiliang states it is non-toxic.

Bone of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Gu)
Primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women.

Teeth of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Chi)
Primarily treats Shi Lin (lithuria/stones in urine). Grows in ponds and marshes of Jiujiang. Can be collected at any time.

Tao Hongjing says: Cyprinus carpio is the leader among fish. Its form is lovely, and it can undergo divine transformations, even flying over mountains and lakes; hence Qin Gao rode it.

On Land
Fish living in water, specifically carp, should not be eaten. Also, carp meat should not be consumed with small beans (Vigna angularis) or broad bean leaves (Vicia faba var. major). Consuming its roe with pig liver can also harm people.

*Tang Ben Zhu* notes: Carp bone primarily treats erosion of the genitals and obstruction that cannot be expelled. Blood primarily treats erysipelas swelling and sores in children. Skin primarily treats urticaria (wind wheals). Brain primarily treats various types of epilepsy. Intestine primarily treats skin sores in children.

Now referring to Chen Cangqi's *Ben Cao*: Carp meat primarily calms the fetus, treats fetal restlessness, and edema in pregnant women. Boiled into a soup and eaten, it breaks up cold Qi accumulation, Qi masses in Huan Guan Fu Liang (abdominal masses), and when made into sashimi, eaten with thick garlic paste. Gallbladder primarily treats deafness; dripping into the ear; grinding and applying externally for刺疮 (thorn wounds); wind-water toxicity causing pain and swelling; healing once fluid discharges. Eyes of other fish are also usable.

Chen Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to *Yao Xing Lun*: Carp gallbladder can also be used alone, with a very bitter taste. Applied to eyes to treat redness, swelling, nebula, and pain. Applied to children's heat swelling. Used with Shu Qi (Radix Periplocae) as an assistant. Fish burned to ash mixed with glutinous rice porridge treats cough. Meng Shen says: Boiled carp meat treats edema and leg fullness, directs Qi downward, but should not be eaten by those with old accumulations (Xu Jia) in the abdomen. Furthermore, during preparation, remove the two tendons on the spine and black blood, as these contain toxins. Also, after an epidemic disease (Tian Xing Bing), it should not be eaten; recurrence leads to death. Carp living in sand and stones have toxins mostly in the brain; do not eat the head.

Ri Hua Zi says: Carp is cool and toxic. Meat treats cough, Hong Xiang Jiao (foot disease/beriberi), breaks cold Qi accumulation and Pi Ke (masses). For pregnant women with unstable fetus, wrap scales in silk and cook with fish into a soup; after cooking, remove scales and eat for efficacy. Fat treats pediatric epilepsy and fright. Gallbladder treats nebula and similar conditions. Brain marrow treats sudden deafness; eating porridge made from it is good. Those in streams and ravines have toxins in the head. Regardless of size, they all have thirty-six scales.

*Tu Jing* says: Carp lives in ponds and marshes of Jiujiang and is now found everywhere. It is the red carp. There is a row of scales along the spine, each with small black dots. Counting from head to tail, regardless of size, there are thirty-six scales. Ancient saying: A five-chi carp and a one-cun carp differ in size but equal in scale count. Additionally, Cui Bao's *Gu Jin Zhu* explains three types of carp. People in Yanzhou call red carp Xuan Ju, white carp Bai Ji, and yellow carp Huang Zhi. Among all fish, this is the best, capable of divine transformation, thus highly valued. Now considered a delicacy in human food. Its gallbladder, meat, bone, and teeth are all medicinal. Ancient and modern formulas use them. Hu Qia's formula for wind-stroke with weak legs, shortness of breath, and abdominal distension uses carp soup, which is most effective. Fat, blood, eyes, and brain marrow are also used singly to treat diseases, except roe should not be eaten with liver. Teeth treat Shi Lin. *Gu Jin Lu Yan* records a formula: One sheng of carp teeth sifted into powder, mixed with three-year-old vinegar, taken in three doses. Fast overnight, take one dose in the morning, one at noon, one at dusk, cured. Red carp scales are also medicinal. Tang dynasty formulas often treat postpartum abdominal pain by burning scales to ash and taking with wine. Also treats blood and Qi disorders, mixed with other herbs.

Chen Cangqi says: Counting from the middle of the spine to the tail, carp always has thirty-six scales, which is a complete number. In dietary therapy, gallbladder removes redness and heat-toxin pain in the eyes; application is good. Meat, boiled and eaten, treats edema and leg fullness, directs Qi downward. Do not eat if there are old accumulations in the abdomen; it harms people. Those long-term consuming Tian Men Dong (Asparagus cochinchinensis) should not eat it. If a thorn is stuck in flesh, or wind-water toxicity causes swelling and pain, burn carp eyes to ash, apply to the wound; discharge of fluid indicates cure. Respectfully note: Fish blood treats pediatric erysipelas; application cures immediately. Fish scales, burned until smoke ceases, ground, and taken with wine (Fang Cun Bi), expel stagnant blood in postpartum women. Fat treats various epilepsies; eating is good. Intestine treats abdominal sores in children. Carp meat must not be eaten with bean and broad bean leaves, or it causes emaciation. Roe must not be eaten with pig liver. In preparation, remove the two tendons on the spine and black blood due to toxicity. Roasted carp must avoid smoke; do not let smoke enter eyes, as it damages vision. Efficacy seen within three days. Also, do not eat after epidemic disease; recurrence leads to death. Carp in sand/stones are toxic, mainly in the brain; do not eat the head. *Sheng Hui Fang*: Treats water qi, promotes urination, reduces edema. Use one carp weighing one jin, prepare as food, and eat. *Wai Tai Mi Yao* citing *Gu Jin Lu Yan*: Treats fish bone stuck in throat for six-seven days. Take carp scales and skin, burn to fragments, take with water to expel bone; repeat if not expelled. Another formula: Treats water disease edema. Take a large carp, remove head, tail, and bones, keep only meat. Boil with two dou of water and one da sheng of Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) and fish meat. Obtain more than two sheng of juice, filter through raw cloth, drink all at once. If unable to finish, divide into two doses; warm the second dose. After drinking, diarrhea occurs; cure upon completion. Another formula: Treats [missing character, likely Gan Ji/Gan Disease]. Cut carp intestine into five segments, roast over fire, wash and dry the sore, seal with intestine; change when cold. From evening to morning, when dry, itching is felt; opening reveals worms coming out; cured. Another formula: For swelling whether ulcerated or not. Burn carp to ash, mix with vinegar, apply to all swellings until cured. Another formula: Treats sudden Lin syndrome. Burn carp teeth to ash, take with wine (Fang Cun Bi). *Qian Jin Fang*: Treats acute dysentery. One small carp, burned to powder, taken with rice drink. Suitable for adults and children. Another formula: Pediatric throat swelling and Bi syndrome. Use fourteen carp gallbladders, mix with soil from the stove bottom, apply to throat; immediate cure. *Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats Yu Mu (night blindness). Apply carp gallbladder and brain; dryness and pain cease, vision clears. *Shi Yi Xin Jing*: Treats rebellious Qi cough, chest and diaphragm fullness, asthma. Cut one carp into sashimi, eat with ginger and vinegar; garlic paste is also acceptable. Another formula: Treats lung cough and rapid asthma. One four-liang carp, remove scales, wrap in paper and roast over fire, remove spines, grind, boil into porridge, eat on empty stomach. *Zi Mi Mi Lu*: Treats pregnancy cold damage. One carp burned to powder, taken with wine (Fang Cun Bi) to induce sweating. Also treats lack of milk. *Chan Shu* promotes lactation: Burn one carp, grind to powder, take one qian bi with wine. *Li Ji* states removing "Yi" when eating fish. "Yi" is a bone beside the eye shaped like the character Yi; eating it causes choking.

*Yan Yi* says: Carp is a substance of extreme Yin, hence its thirty-six scales. When Yin reaches extremity, Yang returns; thus *Su Wen* states: Fish heats the center. Wang Shuhe says: Heat generates wind; eating causes frequent wind-heat issues, which other commentaries do not mention. Ri Hua Zi says carp is cool, but this view is rejected; directly adhering to *Su Wen* is correct. If patients with wind disorders eat fish, it would cause endless disaster.

Eight Dietary Therapies Remainder