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(Yin Ye) (Wu Hong Qie)

Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic deafness, cough with rebellious qi, injuries caused by toxic vapors and splinters, sweating, and bi-nasal obstruction (Nose Bi). Its earthen nest treats carbuncles and swellings, and wind-headache. Also known as Earth Wasp. Grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and [missing character], or in human dwellings.

Tao Hongjing stated: There are many such wasps; although named Earth Wasp, they do not burrow into the earth to make nests, but rather construct nests using mud on the soil surface. Currently, there is a type that is black with a very slender waist, carrying mud to build nests near human rooms and objects, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. They lay eggs like millet grains in the center, then capture over ten green spiders from grass to fill the nest, sealing the opening, intending them as food for their offspring when grown. Another type enters reed bamboo tubes, also capturing green insects from grass, known as Guoluo (Potter Wasp). The poet said: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." This implies that slender-waisted creatures lack females and capture green insects, chanting incantations to transform them into their own young, which is erroneous. The poets were perhaps not detailed enough, and it is unclear why Confucius followed such heterodox views. The Sages had omissions, mostly similar to this. Tang Ben Zhu states: Earth Wasps make nests in the earth, large as Black Wasps, non-stinging, not [missing character]; [missing character] does not make nests in the earth. Although named Earth Wasp, it is not [missing character]. Now according to Li Hanguang's "Yin Yi": Incantations transforming offspring have been seen recently, so it is not false talk.臣 Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to Shu Ben Zhu: According to "Erya", Guoluo is Pulu. The annotation states: It is the slender-waisted wasp, commonly called [missing character]. "Shi Jing" says: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." The annotation states: Mingling is the mulberry worm. Guoluo is Pulu. It means Pulu carries the mulberry worm to raise its offspring, thus knowing [missing character] is Pulu. Pulu is the slender-waisted wasp. Based on this, it not only carries mulberry worms, but takes other insects into holes, seals them with mud, and after several days, the wasps emerge and fly away. Tao stated that eggs like millet are born first in the hole, yet captures other insects as food. Nowadays, people wait until the hole is sealed, break it open to look, and indeed find eggs like millet on dead insects, consistent with Tao's description. The poets used it as a metaphor, likely because they knew the general phenomenon but not the details. Tao further stated this wasp is black with a very slender waist, capable of using mud to build nests between house walls, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. Some also make holes in bamboo tubes or among objects, merely sealing the hole mouth with mud. "Tu Jing" states: [Missing character] uses mud to make nests, either in pairs or alone, building wherever suitable, not restricted to earth, stone, bamboo, or wood; now found everywhere. Rihua Zi states: [Missing character] is toxic. Treats vomiting and rebellious qi; grind raw for bamboo/wood splinters. Use stir-fried in medicine.

Tu Jing states [Missing character] grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and [missing character], or in human houses, now found everywhere. Black with a slender waist; although named Earth Wasp, it does not make holes in the earth, but [missing character] mud to build nests between house walls or beside objects, resembling bundled bamboo tubes. Respectfully following Guo Pu's annotation of "Erya" Guoluo, Pulu: It is the slender-waisted wasp, commonly called [missing character]. Also "Shi Jing · Xiao Ya" says: "Mingling has offspring, Guoluo carries them." Annotation: Mingling is the mulberry worm. Guoluo is Pulu. It means Pulu takes the offspring of the mulberry worm, carries it away, incubates and raises it to become its offspring. Also Yang Xiong's "Fa Yan" says: "The son of Mingling dies, and upon meeting Guoluo, it chants: 'Like me, like me.'" Annotation: When Guoluo encounters Mingling and receives transformation, after a long time it becomes a wasp. According to various classics and transmissions, all state this wasp takes other insects and transforms them into its own offspring. Tao Hongjing claimed eggs like millet are born in its nest, then captures over ten green spiders from grass to fill it, sealing the opening, intending them as food for offspring growth. Duan Chengshi also stated: Bookstudies often have [Missing character], which like to make nests in books or in pen tubes; chanting sounds can be heard. Sometimes opening the book to view, all are small spiders, large as fly-tigers, immediately separated by mud, thus knowing it not only carries mulberry worms. Several explanations differ, causing doubt. However, changes in species are indeed immeasurable. Grasshoppers and cicadas are born from rolling balls, silverfish from melon seeds, turtles from snakes, clams from sparrows, white [missing character] looking at each other, katydids responding to each other; their categories are not uniform. If mulberry worms and spiders transform into wasps, it would not be strange. As for Tao's description of eggs like millet, it may well be formed through chanting/incantation on insects. Song Qiqiu said regarding [Missing character]: This insect conceives the offspring of Mingling, transmits its emotion, exchanges its essence, mixes its qi, harmonizes its spirit, acquiring truth according to the size of the object. Moving creatures have no fixed emotion, all things have no fixed form; this statement is accurate.

Chen Cangqi stated: Earth Wasp, [Missing character] annotated Su Yun: Earth Wasp makes nests in the earth, large as Black Wasps. According to Earth Wasps being reddish-black, burning to powder and mixing with oil to apply to spider bites; this creature eats spiders, also utilizing mutual suppression. Shenghui Fang: Formula for treating infantile cholera with vomiting and diarrhea: Use [Missing character] nest, slightly roasted to powder, mixed with milk juice, taken as one character dose, stops symptoms.

Yanyi states [Missing character], discussions by various families are complete, yet ultimately dare not abandon the meaning of the poem. Once analyzed the nest and viewed it, indeed there were offspring, half the size of millet grains; these should correspond to various insects. Tao Hongjing's statement is close. People take this nest, grind finely, mix with vinegar, and apply to bee/wasp stings.