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Pediatric patients, due to sweating and removing clothing, allow wind pathogens to enter the *Couli* (pores and interstices of the skin), where they contend with blood and qi. This contention leads to aggregation and elevation, forming interconnected *Yinzhen* (a type of rash characterized by itching and lack of fixed morphology). Since the wind pathogen remains superficially in the Couli, its manifestation is shallow and mild; thus, there is no swelling or pain, only the formation of Yinzhen accompanied by itching.

When pediatric patients sweat, their Couli open, making them susceptible to invasion by wind-cold. The cold contends with blood and settles in areas of muscle deficiency, causing blood and qi to become stagnant and sluggish. Consequently, the skin fails to receive nourishment. Furthermore, as wind-cold lodges in the abdominal skin, the complexion turns cyanotic or blackish.

In pediatric patients, wind-cold invades the blood vessels. Blood congeals into nodules upon exposure to cold, resulting in skin and flesh that appear indigo-blue. This condition persists for a long time without ceasing and is commonly referred to as "Lanzhu" (Blue Injection/Mark).

Due to sweating, pediatric patients may be injured by wind-pathogenic toxic gases. These pathogens contend with blood and qi, causing heat to evaporate outward. The flesh turns red, manifesting as high fever (*Zhuangre*).

Pediatric patients with deficient muscles are susceptible to invasion by wind-toxic heat. The heat-toxin contends with blood and qi, causing the skin to turn red and swell. Since the wind follows the movement of qi and wanders unpredictably, this condition is named *Chiyouzhong* (Red Wandering Swelling, akin to erysipelas).

Constipation in pediatric patients arises from internal heat in the zang-fu organs affecting the Large Intestine. The Spleen and Stomach serve as the sea of water and grain; the essence of these nutrients transforms into blood and qi, while residues travel through the Large Intestine. If the Sanjiao and five zang organs are disharmonious, heat accumulates in the Large Intestine, leading to excess heat and resulting in dry, obstructed, and difficult defecation.

Difficulty in urination and defecation in pediatric patients results from disharmony between cold and heat in the zang-fu organs. There is wandering qi within the Small and Large Intestines; this qi becomes congested and cannot disperse freely, causing stagnation and lack of smooth flow in both excretions.

The Heart governs the blood vessels. Heat in the Heart invades the blood. Blood, when heated, flows erratically and deviates from its normal course. When this abnormal flow seeps into the Large and Small Intestines, it manifests as hematochezia (blood in stool) and hematuria (blood in urine).

Blood tends to coagulate and become sluggish when cold, but flows and scatters when hot. As the Heart governs blood, heat in the pediatric patient's Heart invades the blood. The blood then seeps into the Small Intestine, resulting in hematuria.

Hemorrhoids are classified into Mu hemorrhoids, Pin hemorrhoids, Mai hemorrhoids, Chang hemorrhoids, Xue hemorrhoids, and Jiu hemorrhoids. These generally arise from excessive labor and injury damaging blood and qi. However, in pediatric patients who have not yet suffered from deficiency injuries, hemorrhoidal symptoms typically present merely as blood in the stool, caused solely by accumulated heat within the intestines.