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Long-standing abdominal pain is caused by deficiency and cold in the Zang-Fu organs, where pathogenic cold lodges within the abdomen, lingering without cessation and occurring at specific times. During an attack, borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) occurs accompanied by colicky abdominal pain, which is termed "Han Zhong" (Cold Invasion). This is because cold combats the Yin meridians, causing Yang Qi to be insufficient and Yin Qi to be excessive. If the long-standing pain from Han Zhong does not heal, cold enters the Large Intestine, transforming into dysentery. The reason for this is that borborygmus indicates Qi deficiency; when the intestines are deficient, diarrhea ensues, thus transforming into dysentery.

Abdominal distension arises from external deficiency of Yang Qi and internal accumulation of Yin Qi. External deficiency of Yang Qi makes one susceptible to wind-cold pathogens; wind-cold belongs to Yin Qi. Cold accumulates between the Fu organs and does not dissipate, conflicting with Spleen Qi. Due to deficiency, distension occurs, resulting in abdominal fullness and slight panting.

Upon pulse diagnosis: At the Cun Kou area before the Qikou on the Right Hand, corresponding to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, a floating pulse indicates Yang. If it feels firm and strong upon pressure, it signifies Excess. Yang Excess manifests as abdominal fullness, panting, and cough. At the Guan position on the Right Hand, corresponding to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Yin Excess manifests as abdominal distension, restlessness, and inability to lie down; a solid Guan pulse indicates abdominal fullness with sounds; a floating and large pulse at the Guan position indicates Wind in the Stomach, manifesting as urgent abdominal distension, palpitations in the heart, loss of appetite, and nausea. A floating Guan pulse indicates abdominal fullness with lack of desire to eat, representing false fullness due to deficiency.

At the Shimen position after the Chi section on the Left Hand, corresponding to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, a sinking pulse indicates Yin. Yin Excess manifests as suffering from lower abdominal fullness. Yin Excess at the Left Chi position indicates Kidney Excess, characterized by suffering from abdominal distension and frequent borborygmus. A floating pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the Left Hand indicates Yang. Yang Excess indicates Bladder Excess, manifesting as suffering from lower abdominal fullness radiating to lower back pain. An exteriorly coarse pulse indicates Ben Teng (Rushing Tumor) leading to abdominal distension, characterized by suffering from abdominal fullness and panting.

A pulse that is reversely slippery and deep indicates adverse conditions, signifying death and incurability. Abdominal distension with a floating pulse indicates survival; a deficient and small pulse indicates death. Treatments involving decoctions, moxibustion/ironing, acupuncture, and stone therapy have separate specific formulas. Nourishing and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) methods are attached below.

The *Yangsheng Fang · Daoyin Fa* states: Squat and sit, calm the mind, curl both hands, direct the intention downward, shake both arms left and right, alternately tilt the body until the arm movements are complete, curl the head to touch the belly, push both hands towards the Mai (vessels) down to below the umbilicus, repeating thirty-seven times. This gradually eliminates abdominal distension, urgent bloating, and indigestion.

It also states: If suffering from abdominal distension due to cold, exhale through the mouth thirty times to stop.

It also states: If the abdomen is full and suffering from overeating, sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times, then vomit fully. Stop when comfortable; if not comfortable, repeat. If there is cold qi causing abdominal discomfort, perform this method as well.

It also states: Sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times. This removes abdominal fullness, overeating, cold-heat disorders, and abdominal pain.

It also states: Extend both hands to the sides of the body to the extreme limit; engage the crown and feet, let the Qi scatter downward, feeling as if rotting matter is dissolving. Straighten the palm fingers, doing so on both sides, repeating thirty-seven times; then straighten the body, rotating the arms and waist forward and backward seven times. This removes abdominal distension, cold in the Bladder, lower back, spine, and arms, tight blood vessels, and palpitations.

It also states: Suffering from internal fullness and easy satiation, sit upright, extend the waist, inhale through the mouth dozens of times. Stop when comfortable; if not, repeat.

It also states: The Spleen governs Earth. Just as Earth warms like human flesh, one can induce sweating to expel wind-cold pathogens. If there is Qi distension in the abdomen, first warm the feet, massage above and below the umbilicus and Qihai (CV6), without limiting the number of times, more is better. Then begin rotating left and right thirty-seven times. When harmonious Qi is used properly, one utilizes one hundred and thirteen methods within the body, rotating three hundred and sixty bone joints, shaking arteries and tendons, distributing Qi and Blood, moistening the twenty-four harmonies, and regulating the Zang-Fu evenly. Harmonious Qi is utilized. Head movements rotate and vibrate, Hand Qi moves upward, Heart Qi moves downward, clearly knowing the departure and arrival. Regardless of flat hands, tilted waist, turning body, massaging Qi, bending, or twisting, once finished, scatter the Heart Qi and send it to Yongquan (KI1). Do not lose the pathway of Qi in any aspect. Using it brings benefits; those who do not understand its use will feel their Qi is chaotic.