伤寒大吐下之后,极虚,复极汗出者,其水郁以发其汗者,因得哕。所以然者,胃中寒
冷故也。伤寒哕而腹满者,视其前后,知何部不利,利之即愈。阳明病能食,下之不解,其
人不能食,攻其热必哕,所以哕者,胃中虚冷故也。又病患本虚,伏热在胃,则胸满,胸满
则气逆,气逆不可攻其热,攻其热必哕。
伤寒太阳病,下之微喘者,外未解故也。夫发汗后,饮水多者必喘,以水停心下,肾气
乘心故喘也。以水灌之,亦令喘也。
厥者,逆也。逆者,谓手足逆冷也。此由阳气暴衰,阴气独盛,阴胜于阳,故阳脉为之
逆,不通于手足,所以逆冷也。伤寒,一二日至四五日厥者,必发热。前发热者后必厥,厥
深热亦深,厥微热亦微。厥应下之,而反发其汗者,口伤烂赤。伤寒先厥后发热,下利必自止
。而反汗出,必咽喉中强痛,其为喉痹。发热无汗,而利必自止,不止,便脓血。便脓血者
,其喉不痹。伤寒先厥者,不可下之。后发热而利者,必自止,见厥复利。伤寒病,厥五日
,热亦五日,设六日,当复厥,不厥之者,自愈。厥终不过五日,以热五日,故知愈也。发
热而厥,七日而下利者,为难治。其脉促,手足厥逆者,可灸之。下利,手足厥,无脉,灸
之不温,反微喘者死。下利,厥,烦躁不能卧者死。病六七日,其脉数,手足厥,烦躁,灸
厥阴,厥不还者死。发热,下利至甚,厥不止者死。下利后,其脉绝,手足厥,卒时脉还,
手足温者生,不还者死。
After severe vomiting or purgation in Cold Damage (Shanghan), the body becomes extremely deficient. If sweating is induced again, or if sweating is used to treat water retention (Shui Yu), hiccups (Yue) will result. This occurs because of cold and deficiency in the Stomach. If a patient with Cold Damage presents with hiccups and abdominal fullness, one should examine the anterior and posterior orifices to determine which part is obstructed; unblocking that part will lead to recovery. In Yangming disease, if a patient who could previously eat fails to recover after purgation and subsequently loses their appetite, attacking the heat will inevitably cause hiccups, due to deficiency and cold in the Stomach. Furthermore, if a patient is constitutionally weak with latent heat in the Stomach, chest fullness results; this leads to rebellious Qi. In such cases, attacking the heat is contraindicated, as it will cause hiccups.
In Taiyang disease of Cold Damage, mild wheezing after purgation indicates that the exterior syndrome has not yet resolved. After inducing sweat, excessive water intake often causes wheezing because water stagnates below the Heart, allowing Kidney Qi to assault the Heart. Similarly, washing the body with cold water can also induce wheezing.
Jue (Reversal) refers to rebellion. Specifically, it denotes cold extremities. This condition arises from a sudden decline of Yang Qi and an excess of Yin Qi. When Yin surpasses Yang, the Yang pulses become rebellious, and circulation fails to reach the hands and feet, resulting in coldness. In Cold Damage, if Jue occurs between the first and fourth days, fever will inevitably follow. If fever preceded the Jue, then Jue follows; the deeper the Jue, the deeper the heat; the milder the Jue, the milder the heat. Jue syndromes should typically be treated with purgation; if sweating is mistakenly induced instead, it will cause sores and redness in the mouth. If Cold Damage begins with Jue followed by fever, diarrhea will cease spontaneously. However, if sweating occurs instead, it will lead to stiffness and pain in the throat, forming a Hou Bi (Throat Bi). If there is fever without sweating, diarrhea will cease; if it does not cease, pus and blood will appear in the stool. If pus and blood appear in the stool, the throat will not suffer from Hou Bi. In Cold Damage presenting with Jue, purgation is contraindicated. If fever appears later with diarrhea, the diarrhea will cease; if Jue returns, diarrhea recurs. If a patient experiences Jue for five days and fever for five days, and on the sixth day Jue does not return, the disease will heal itself. Since Jue does not exceed five days and fever lasts five days, recovery is indicated. If fever and Jue persist into the seventh day accompanied by diarrhea, the case is difficult to treat. If the pulse is rapid and extremities are cold, moxibustion may be applied. If diarrhea, cold extremities, and absence of pulse occur, and moxibustion fails to warm the limbs, accompanied by slight panting, death ensues. If diarrhea, Jue, and restlessness preventing lying down occur, death ensues. On the sixth or seventh day, if the pulse is rapid, extremities are cold, and the patient is restless, moxibustion should be applied to the Jueyin channel; if Jue does not reverse, death ensues. If fever is accompanied by severe diarrhea and persistent Jue, death ensues. After diarrhea ceases, if the pulse vanishes and extremities are cold, but the pulse returns and extremities warm within a short time, the patient survives; if the pulse does not return, death ensues.