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Jiaogonganzhang (Opisthotonos) is caused by body deficiency with wind pathogen invasion, where the wind enters the Yang meridians. The Yin and Yang meridians of the human body encircle the entire body. When the wind pathogen takes advantage of the deficiency to enter the Yang meridians, it causes the waist and back to arch backward in a spasm, resembling the shape of a drawn bow.

Piankoufeng (Facial Paralysis/Deviation of Mouth and Eye) is caused by body deficiency with wind pathogen invasion, where the wind enters the tendons flanking the mouth. The tendons of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian ascend and flank the mouth; if these tendons are deficient on one side, the wind pathogen takes advantage of this, causing the meridian-tendons to become spasmodic and unbalanced on that side, thus leading to deviation of the mouth and eye.

Zefeng Pianku (Wind-induced Hemiplegia) refers to wind pathogen invading one half of the body. If a person has suffered from labor injury leading to blood and Qi deficiency, resulting in hemibody deficiency, the wind pathogen invades and resides there due to the deficiency, forming Pianfeng (Hemiplegic Wind). If the wind pathogen penetrates deeply, depleting the True Qi and leaving only the evil pathogen, it results in Pianku (Hemiplegia). This occurs because blood and Qi are depleted and damaged, allowing the wind pathogen to reside, preventing blood and Qi from circulating and nourishing the muscles, thus causing hemiplegia.

Fengxuan (Wind-induced Vertigo) is caused by body deficiency with wind pathogen invasion, where the wind enters the brain. The essence of all Zang-Fu organs ascends to the eyes; blood and Qi, along with the vessels, ascend and connect to the brain. Following the vessels to the optic nerve system, if the optic nerve system becomes tense, it leads to vertigo. If the vertigo persists and the wind pathogen is severe, it may transform into sudden collapse, becoming Dianji (Epilepsy/Mental Disorder).

Dian (Manic-Depressive Psychosis/Epilepsy) involves sudden onset with falling to the ground, salivation, deviation of the mouth and eyes, tension of the eyes, twisting of the hands and feet, loss of consciousness, and recovery after a long period. Kuang (Hyperactive Mania) involves speech disorder or inversion, self-aggrandizement as noble and virtuous, cursing others regardless of kinship or distance, and periods of relative calm. All these are caused by blood and Qi deficiency and wind pathogen invasion. Humans are born endowing Yin and Yang Qi; when the wind pathogen invades and combines with Yin, it manifests as Dian; when it invades and combines with Yang, it manifests as Kuang. Yin and Yang have varying states of deficiency and excess; when they are deficient, the pathogen combines with them, triggering an attack, hence both Dian and Kuang can occur.

Furthermore, during fetal development, if the mother suffers a sudden great fright, the essence and Qi may congregate abnormally, also causing the child to develop Dian. This type of pediatric Dian is not related to adult blood and Qi deficiency and wind pathogen invasion.

There are five types of Dian: 1. Yang Dian, 2. Yin Dian, 3. Feng Dian (Wind Dian), 4. Shi Dian (Damp Dian), 5. Lao Dian (Fatigue Dian). These names likely derive from the specific location or nature of the pathogenic factor.

There are also Niu Dian (Oviform Dian), Ma Dian (Equine Dian), Zhu Dian (Porcine Dian), Ji Dian (Galliform Dian), and Gou Dian (Canine Dian). These are named so because the sounds and postures exhibited during attacks resemble those of oxen, horses, pigs, chickens, and dogs, respectively.

Popular belief states that patients suffering from Dian should avoid eating meat of the six domestic animals; consuming such meat will cause the Dian attack to manifest characteristics resembling that animal.