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In the "Phlegm-Fluids" chapter of *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), it is stated: When water retention resides in the Liver, there is distending fullness under the hypochondrium, and sneezing causes pain. Xu Zhongke annotated: The Liver and Shaoyang Gallbladder are interior-exteriorly related; thus, the Gallbladder governs the half-interior and half-exterior aspect. When water qi invades it, Yin-cold binds internally, causing Shaoyang Yang to rush upward, striking and inducing a sneeze, similar to wind-cold injury. Yu Jiayan annotated: Fire qi rushes into the nasal cavity, hence the sneeze. According to the *Neijing*, the Kidney governs sneezing; therefore, in cases of Taiyang Cold Damage, when cold pathogen penetrates deeply, following the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) into the brain, and is struck by heat, sneezing occurs. The Taiyang Meridian and the Du Mai belong to the domain of the Shaoyin system, and their pulses all connect with the brain. Sneezing results from the mutual agitation of cold and heat, chasing within the vessels, causing an itching sensation inside the vessels; intense itching leads to sudden expulsion. Xu attributed it to cold binding, while Yu attributed it to fire rushing; their meanings are identical. However, they failed to mention the connection between the Liver and Kidney, instead forcing an explanation involving the Shaoyang, which is indeed baseless. When Liver-water manifests as sneezing, it is because Liver-cold responds to the Kidney. Furthermore, there are two pathways for sneezing: one where cold binds the Lung orifices, and hot qi agitates within the Lungs to rush upward; this qi originates in the chest, passes above the upper epigastrium, and exits downward through the nose. The other where cold binds the Du Mai, and hot qi agitates along the spine to rush upward; this qi arises at Yaoshu (BL23), follows the spine upward to the vertex of the head, and exits downward through the nose. A wisp of cold pathogen travels alone within the Qi vessels, not tolerated by healthy Qi, hence it strikes out. This originally belongs to minor pathogens, insufficient to cause disease. However, some individuals must sneeze dozens of times every morning, regardless of cold or heat, with symptoms worsening in cold weather, especially affecting pregnant women; this cannot be considered a minor pathogen. The treatment method should imitate that for Liver-water: diffuse and unblock the Yang of the Liver and Bladder, allowing them to connect with Lung Qi, so that water pathogens subside downward and old cold is expelled outward, thereby stopping the sneeze.

In the "Dampness Disease" chapter of *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders), it states: If a dampness patient is purged too early, hiccups (Yue) will occur. This indicates heat in the Dantian and cold in the chest. In the Taiyang chapter, it says: The pathogen is high, pain is low, thus causing vomiting; Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is the primary formula. "Pathogen" refers to the cold damage pathogen; "pain" refers to heat stagnating and agitating. It also states: Cold damage causing heat in the chest and pathogenic factors in the stomach, abdominal pain, and desire to vomit; Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is the primary formula. In the "Ping Ou Tu Yue" chapter of *Maijing* (Pulse Classic), it says: Cold qi is above, warm qi is below; the two qi contend, only exiting without entering, the person vomits and cannot eat; if terrified, death ensues; if relaxed and calm, recovery occurs. Zhu Danxi said: Hiccups result from phlegm blocking the upper part and fire rising from the lower part, unable to extend and transcend. Generally, when the four extremities of the human body are bound by cold, the movement of Qi in the transverse orifices becomes unfavorable, so it rushes upward through the straight orifices; or again, if cold suppresses the upper part and heat stagnates in the lower part, the ascending pathway becomes narrow, less smooth than usual, causing the ascending Qi to strike; these are all causes of vomiting and hiccups. If intestinal and gastric constipation occurs, turbid Qi steams upward, Liver and Kidney blood heat causes fire Qi to float upward, without cold suppressing the upper part, there is merely a mild desire to vomit, not violent striking. Dry retching and hiccups differ in severity but share the same etiology; predecessors analyzed them too excessively, confusing people's understanding. (Note: The above discussion on vomiting and hiccups does not discuss spitting/vomiting food. The etiology of vomiting includes: cold Qi rushing up from below; middle Jiao Stomach heat and Liver heat; external Wind attacking the Stomach.)