百年以来,经学家专讲读书得闲,每执一卷,未领真趣,先求其疵,遂以号于人,而自
矜有
得矣。此欺世盗名之术。若医者,身命之事,死生所关,岂可以虚名了事哉?不料丹溪作《
局方发挥》以后,此风滔滔不可止,每着一书,必痛诋前贤,以为立名之地。惟仲景不敢毁
,则迁怒于叔和,识者见之,真不值一笑也。尝谓胸中存一丝菲薄之心,则心便不能入,虽
读遍百家,终无所得。故读《内经》,即深信其为黄帝、岐伯书;读《难经》,即深信其为
越人书;读《伤寒》、《金匮》,即深信其为仲景原文;读《甲乙经》、《脉经》、《千金
方》、《翼方》诸辑录古书,即深信其理法必有所授;读东垣、河间、洁古、丹溪、立斋、
景岳诸家,即深信其学问必有所胜;即肤庸至于《冯氏锦囊》《沈氏尊生》,平心求之,皆
有至理。如此久久,豁然贯通,自能臻于万珠一贯之妙。是从脚踏实地,真积力久而得,非
从超颖顿悟,浮光掠响而来,自无明暗相兼,得失参半之敝矣。孔子曰∶信而好古。又曰∶
笃信好学。不笃信又焉能好学乎?
尝读前人医案,有叙证迭见败象,忽以一二剂挽回振起,三五剂即收全功者。此必非本
元之
真阴真阳有败也。此必前医误药,及病前有伤也。或伤于劳倦,或伤于忧怒,或伤于饮食,
或伤于房室,正气未及复元,而即生病,故病本不重而似重,证本不败而似败。败证杂沓之
中,必有一二紧要之处未见败形,若果元气既败,岂真医能回天,药能续命耶!所谓紧要之
处者,脾、肾居其大半,而各脏亦皆有之。前人医案,多不能分别指出,但自夸功效而已,
读者须是觑破。
In the past century, Confucian scholars have specialized in seeking loopholes when reading texts. Whenever they pick up a volume, before grasping its true essence, they first seek out its flaws, thereby boasting to others and priding themselves on their insights. This is a technique for deceiving the world and stealing fame. If one is a physician, matters concern life and death, which are of utmost importance; how can one settle for empty reputation? Unfortunately, after Zhu Danxi wrote *Jufang Fahui* (Exposition on the Formulary Bureau), this trend became unstoppable. Every time a book was written, it necessarily involved harsh criticism of former sages as a means to establish one's own name. Only Zhang Zhongjing was not disparaged; instead, anger was displaced onto Wang Shuhe. Those with insight find this truly laughable. I have often said that if even a shred of contempt exists in one's heart, the mind cannot penetrate the text. Although one may read all schools of thought, ultimately nothing will be gained. Therefore, when reading *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), one must firmly believe it is the work of the Yellow Emperor and Qibo; when reading *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues), one must firmly believe it is the work of Yue Ren (Bian Que); when reading *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) and *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), one must firmly believe they are the original texts of Zhang Zhongjing; when reading compiled ancient texts such as *Jiayi Jing* (The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), *Maiching* (Pulse Classic), *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), and *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials from the Outer Cabinet), one must firmly believe their principles and methods have a source of transmission; when reading the works of Li Dongyuan, Liu Hejian, Zhang Jiegu, Zhu Danxi, Xue Lizhai, and Zhang Jingyue, one must firmly believe their scholarship has superior aspects; even for mediocre works such as *Fengshi Jinnang* (Feng's Brocade Bag) and *Shenshi Zunsheng* (Shen's Reverence for Life), upon calm investigation, all contain profound truths. By persisting in this manner for a long time, one will suddenly achieve comprehensive understanding, naturally reaching the subtlety of threading ten thousand pearls with a single string. This is achieved through down-to-earth effort and long-term accumulation of power, not through super-normal sudden enlightenment or superficial glancing, thus avoiding the drawback of mixed clarity and obscurity, or half gains and half losses. Confucius said: "Trust and love antiquity." He also said: "Firmly believe and diligently study." Without firm belief, how can one diligently study?
I have once read medical cases from predecessors where symptoms continuously showed signs of collapse (critical deterioration), yet suddenly recovered and revived with one or two doses, achieving complete cure within three to five doses. This must not indicate that the primordial True Yin and True Yang had truly collapsed. It must be due to previous physicians' erroneous medication and prior injury to the body before illness onset. Whether injured by fatigue and overwork, by sorrow and anger, by improper diet, or by sexual excess, if Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) has not yet recovered to its original state, illness occurs immediately. Thus, the root of the disease is not heavy but appears so, and the pattern does not show collapse but seems to. Amidst the chaotic mix of critical signs, there must be one or two crucial areas where collapse has not yet manifested. If Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi) were truly exhausted, could any true physician reverse heaven's decree, or could medicine prolong life? The so-called crucial areas are mostly located in the Spleen and Kidney, though each Zang organ also has its share. Predecessors' medical cases often fail to distinguish and point these out, merely boasting of efficacy. Readers must see through this.