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There are many people suffering from hematemesis (vomiting blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed), yet Jiegu (Li Gao) stated: "In cases of bleeding, there is no cold." Dongyuan also said: "All instances of bleeding should be attributed to heat." Danxi further remarked: "Blood does not ascend without fire." With the emergence of these three schools' theories, practitioners treating hematemesis and epistaxis universally adopted the method of nourishing yin and descending fire. Little did they know that the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) discusses blood overflow and leakage as being caused by all six exogenous pathogens (wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire). Therefore, in the preface to the chapter on hemorrhage in *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), only the pathogenic factors of Six Qi from the theory of Five Movements and Six Qi were recorded. Wang Haizang stated: "The Six Qi can cause hemorrhage, not just fire alone." This statement greatly awakened the deafness and blindness of millennia. The assertion that Six Qi causes hemorrhage refers to exogenous pathogenic factors. However, the arrival of exogenous evils invariably stems from internal injury. For instance, sorrow and worry damage the Heart; improper diet and overwork damage the Spleen; carrying heavy loads or traveling long distances damages the Liver; exposure to cold or consuming cold drinks damages the Lung; and excessive sexual activity damages the Kidney. Once the Zang organs are injured, exogenous pathogens then invade due to deficiency. Thus, when treating hemorrhage, one must first ascertain whether it is caused by wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, or fire. One must first clear the exogenous infection, and then address the internal injury, so that the pathogen can be subdued and the disease easily cured. If one fails to treat the branch (symptoms) first and immediately attempts to treat the root, assuming all hemorrhage is solely due to fire, and daily employing herbs such as Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), and Danpi (Moutan Cortex) for treatment, one will rarely see patients cured. Blood flows when heated and coagulates when cooled. As cold-natured remedies are administered daily, the bleeding stops and recurs repeatedly, often becoming more severe. The death of those with hematemesis is not due to the disease itself, but due to medical error. How tragic!

Xuan (vertigo/dizziness) refers to dizziness, visual obscurations described as black flowers before the eyes, and a sensation of rotation as if standing on a moving boat or cart. Liu Hejian exclusively emphasized fire, attributing it to self-disease of the Liver Wood. The Classics state: "All wind disorders involving tremors and vertigo belong to the Liver." When Liver wind stirs, fire flares upward. Hence, Danxi once said, "Without fire, phlegm is not generated"; phlegm follows the fire upward, hence the saying, "Without phlegm, there is no vertigo." Xuan is a disease; phlegm is not a disease. Phlegm is not something inherently present in the human body. Phlegm is transformed from the body's Jin-Ye (body fluids). When Qi stagnates and Blood coagulates, Jin-Ye transforms into phlegm; thus, phlegm is generated by disease. To say "without phlegm, there is no vertigo" implies that phlegm is the root cause of vertigo. However, one must realize that vertigo arises from Qi deficiency, Blood deficiency, or Kidney deficiency. In cases of Qi deficiency, Yang Qi is depleted, preventing Clear Yang from ascending. The Classics state: "When Qi above is insufficient, the head suffers from heaviness and tilting." In cases of Blood deficiency, due to hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia (profuse uterine bleeding), or postpartum blood loss, deficient fire flares upward, causing black spots in vision. The Classics state: "When the Liver is deficient, vision becomes obscured." In cases of Kidney deficiency, due to excessive sexual desire, Kidney Qi fails to return to its origin and rebels upward. The Classics state: "Dizziness and blurred vision indicate excess above and deficiency below, with pathology in the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) and Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) meridians." It also states: "When the Sea of Marrow is insufficient, the eyes suffer from vertigo." Vertigo caused by wind and fire belongs to exogenous infections, while vertigo caused by the three types of deficiency originates from internal injury. Those who attribute vertigo to phlegm believe that only when exogenous and endogenous pathogens combine does phlegm accumulate to cause harm; it is not merely phlegm alone that causes vertigo. If one solely attacks phlegm without significantly tonifying Qi and Blood, strengthening Water, and nourishing Yin to save the root, the patient will inevitably die.