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I have examined that Gao Yangsheng, a reckless man of the Song Dynasty, plagiarized Wang Shuhe and falsely created the *Mai Jue* (Pulse Mantra). Its content is vulgar, base, erroneous, and deviates greatly from the principles of the classics. Quack doctors are accustomed to reciting it and revere it as a standard procedure. They chatter all day long, thereby increasing ignorance. Although they have read many cases and lived for many years, they cannot distinguish between deficiency and excess, have no grasp over life and death, and are completely ignorant of pulse theory, thus misleading the world significantly. Unfortunately, this erroneous tradition is entrenched and difficult to eradicate. If only one could turn one's heart, awaken to the truth, abandon heresy, and return to orthodoxy, relying on the correct methods of the *Neijing* (Inner Canon) and *Maiching* (Pulse Classic), specifically investigating the nature of deficiency and excess with profound clarity, then one would certainly be able to identify pulse treatments for life-and-death conditions, seek the root cause, and once again illuminate the subtle mysteries of Xuanyuan and Qibo. This would be a blessing for the world today and a celebration for ten thousand generations. Now, I list the errors below:

The *Maiching* describes the Floating Pulse (Fu Mai, 浮脉) as "abundant upon light palpation, insufficient upon heavy pressure"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states it feels "excessive upon moderate palpation". Based on this, what the *Mai Jue* describes is actually an image of Floating combined with Surging (Hong Mai, 洪脉), Tight (Jin Mai, 紧脉), or Full (Shi Mai, 实脉). Is this the true nature of the Floating Pulse? This is the first error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Deep Pulse (Chen Mai, 沉脉) as "obtained only by heavy pressure down to the sinews and bones"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states it feels "like rotten cotton passing slowly through the three positions". How can one know that the Deep Pulse also encompasses Slow (Chi Mai, 迟脉), Rapid (Shu Mai, 数脉), Surging, and Fine (Xi Mai, 细脉) qualities? The *Mai Jue* mistakenly takes the Weak Pulse (Ruo Mai, 弱脉), which feels like rotten cotton under the fingers, as the essence of the Deep Pulse. This is the second error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Slow Pulse as "three breaths per respiration, moving extremely slowly"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states it is "obtained only with heavy pressure" and says "faintly visible, difficult to discern". This confuses the Slow Pulse with the Deep and Choppy (Se Mai, 涩脉) pulses. Is this the true nature of the Slow Pulse? This is the third error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* uses the Rapid Pulse as a standard; whereas the *Mai Jue* recklessly establishes the categories of Seven Superficial (Qi Biao, 七表) and Eight Interior (Ba Li, 八里), omitting the Rapid Pulse from the main classification and only mentioning it in the Nine Channels song. This is the fourth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Slippery Pulse (Hua Mai, 滑脉) as "flowing smoothly, like pearls responding to the finger"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "upon pressing it lies hidden, like pearls in the three positions, neither advancing nor retreating". This fails to distinguish between Superficial Slippery, Deep Slippery, and Slippery pulses at different positions. Saying "neither advancing nor retreating" aligns with the *Neijing*'s statement: "If the pulse adheres to the skin and does not move, death ensues." Is this the true nature of the Slippery Pulse? This is the fifth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Choppy Pulse as "difficult movement, fine, slow, short, and scattered"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "feeling present upon searching, but completely absent upon lifting". This severely contradicts the classics. This is the sixth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Deficient Pulse (Xu Mai, 虚脉) as "slow, large, and soft, powerless upon pressure, feeling empty and hollow under the finger"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "insufficient upon searching, abundant upon lifting", which is actually the characteristic of the Floating Pulse. Is this the true nature of the Deficient Pulse? This is the seventh error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Full Pulse (Shi Mai, 实脉) as "obtainable upon both superficial and deep pressure, responding to the finger"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "responding to the finger like a rope" and claims the symptom is incontinence of urine. This mistakes the pulse for a Tight Pulse and the symptom for a Deficiency-Cold syndrome, which is highly arbitrary. This is the eighth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Surging Pulse (Hong Mai, 洪脉) as "extremely large under the finger, suitable for summer"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "suitable for late summer, while sweating and purging in autumn and winter are inappropriate". Does it not know the principle of "abandoning the season to follow the syndrome"? This is the ninth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Tight Pulse (Jin Mai, 紧脉) as "rapid like cutting a rope"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "sparse entering into the Chi position", causing the pulse to reverse its flow. This is the tenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Scallion-Stalk Pulse (Kou Mai, 芤脉) as "empty in the center, solid on both sides", indicating blood loss; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "solid at both ends, empty in the middle", implying the pulse is severed in the middle. It also claims it indicates strangury and qi entering the Small Intestine, which contradicts blood syndromes, misleading the world significantly. This is the eleventh error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Moderate Pulse (Huan Mai, 缓脉) as governing Ying deficiency, wind deficiency, dampness, and Spleen diseases; whereas the *Mai Jue* claims it indicates Spleen heat, bad breath, regurgitation, toothache, and dreaming of ghosts. This is fragmented and absurd. This is the twelfth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Bowstring Pulse (Xian Mai, 弦脉) as "like a drawn bowstring"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "pulse tight like a pulled rope, occasionally accompanied by rapidity". This confuses Tight and Rapid pulses into a Large Bowstring, losing the true nature of the Bowstring Pulse. This is the thirteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Firm Pulse (Lao Mai, 牢脉) as "seeming Deep and Hidden, large and long, slightly stringy"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "absent upon searching, present upon pressing", and "difficult to distinguish breath when pulse enters the skin", also regarding the Firm Pulse as a death pulse. These are chaotic, arrogant, and harmful to logic. This is the fourteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Soft Pulse (Ru Mai, 濡脉) as "extremely soft, floating and fine like cotton, absent upon pressing"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "present upon pressing, absent upon lifting", and equates the Micro Pulse (Wei Mai, 微脉) with the Soft Pulse. This is the fifteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Weak Pulse as "extremely soft, deep and fine, obtained only upon pressing, absent upon lifting"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "obtained with light touch", thereby equating the Soft Pulse with the Weak Pulse. This is the sixteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Fine Pulse (Xi Mai, 细脉) as "smaller than the Micro Pulse but constantly present, straight and soft"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "movement is extremely micro", contradicting the classic greatly. This is the seventeenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Hidden Pulse (Fu Mai, 伏脉) as "pressed heavily to the bone, movement felt only under the finger"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "feels present upon searching, completely absent upon holding the breath". This is the eighteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Agitated Pulse (Dong Mai, 动脉) as "appearing above and below the Guan position, trembling violently"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "feels present upon searching, absent upon lifting, staying in place, not moving forward or backward, heavy in the three positions". This is vague and delirious. This is the nineteenth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Hasty Pulse (Cu Mai, 促脉) as "rapid in coming and going, pausing occasionally before resuming"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "located together in the Cun position", omitting the mention of occasional pauses. This is the twentieth error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* describes the Knotted Pulse (Jie Mai, 结脉) as "slow in coming and going, pausing occasionally before resuming"; whereas the *Mai Jue* states "coming or going, gathering and then returning". What does this have to do with the Knotted Pulse? This is the twenty-first error.

Furthermore, the *Maiching* and Zhang Zhongjing consider the Agitated Pulse to be Yang; whereas the *Mai Jue*'s Nine Channels classify the Agitated Pulse as Yin. This is the twenty-second error.

Furthermore, Zhang Zhongjing considers the Bowstring Pulse to be Yin; whereas the *Mai Jue*'s Seven Superficial classifies the Bowstring Pulse as Yang. This is the twenty-third error.

Furthermore, the *Neijing*, *Nanjing*, *Maiching*, and Zhang Zhongjing all discuss pulses from the perspective of Yin-Yang opposition; whereas the *Mai Jue* recklessly creates the bizarre names of Seven Superficial, Eight Interior, and Nine Channels. Speaking of Superficial, the Full Pulse is not Superficial; speaking of Interior, the Slow Pulse is not Interior; and who knows what the "Nine Channels" refer to? This is the twenty-fourth error.

These twenty-three errors have been familiar to the world, yet no one has realized their falsity. I hereby use the classics as evidence and judge the violations of the classics, earnestly hoping for scholars of like mind to assist. I have carefully verified various books to detail these errors.

Master Zhu Xi (Hui'an) said: "Ancients examined pulses using various methods; nowadays, people only adhere to the Cun, Guan, Chi method. The popularly circulated *Mai Jue* has the most vulgar and shallow language; it is not Wang Shuhe's original book."

Liu Guan from Dongyang said: "Wang Shuhe wrote the *Maiching* in ten volumes, becoming a classic for physicians. Today, the *Mai Jue* is widely known, and people directly attribute it to Wang Shuhe. However, Wang Shuhe was from the Western Jin Dynasty, when verse mnemonics did not yet exist. This was forged by someone in the mid-Song Dynasty for convenience in study."

Wang Shixiang from Hedong said: "The art of diagnosis is not easy to master. The subtle mysteries of Xuanyuan and Qibo were not fully revealed even by Yu Ren (Bian Que) and Wang Shuhe in their *Nanjing* and *Maiching*. In the Five Dynasties period, Gao Yangsheng wrote the *Mai Jue*, borrowing Wang Shuhe's name, with many contradictory statements and vulgar language. It was further annotated wrongly by secular scholars. Physicians passed it down family to family, reciting it household to household, yet remained clueless on how to apply it. They merely used it to make a living; what benefit does it bring to diagnosis?"

Qian Pu from Yunjian said: "Wang Shuhe, Grand Physician of the Jin Dynasty, wrote the *Maiching*; its words are to be upheld and not changed. But after the fake *Mai Jue* attributed to Wang Sherce circulated, the principles of medical classics declined. Probably because Wang Shuhe was trusted by the world, his name was borrowed for the work to gain popularity. However, the decline of medical knowledge may well be due to this misleading influence."

Yingning Hua Shou said: "The Yin, Yang, Superficial, and Interior of pulses are named based on opposition. Gao Yangsheng's Seven Superficial, Eight Interior, and Nine Channels are overly pedantic. Seeking clarity in pulses, he instead obscured them."

Dai Qizong from Jinling said: "Pulses cannot be named by Superficial and Interior. Xuanyuan, Yu Ren, and Wang Shuhe never spoke of Superficial and Interior. The *Mai Jue* stole Wang Shuhe's name to establish Seven Superficial, Eight Interior, and Nine Channels, causing great confusion in the world. Pulse variations arise from Yin and Yang; they can only be discussed via Yin-Yang opposition, categorized by their kind. How can one fix the order as First Floating, Second Scallion-Stalk, etc., and assign numbers seven, eight, nine? Generally, those appearing due to Floating are Superficial; those appearing due to Deep are Interior. Why stick to seven, eight, and nine?"

Liu Lizhi from Lushan used Floating, Deep, Slow, and Rapid as guidelines for teaching. Although it seems like a shortcut, one must go from extensive learning to concise understanding to enter the subtleties of pulse diagnosis. If one is satisfied with this alone, it is limiting oneself.

Zhu Danxi said: "The Qi Kou (Radial Artery) is the meeting point of pulses, thus capable of revealing life and death. Vulgar doctors of the world recite Gao Yangsheng's fabrications and attempt to treat diseases with them. It is rare that they do not kill patients."