五运六气之为病，名异情同气质分，今将二病归为一，免使医工枉费心。
【注】五运六气之为病，虽其名有木、火、土、金、水、风、火、湿、燥、寒之异，而
其实为病之情状则同也。今将木运之病、风气之病，火运之病、暑气之病，土运之病、湿
气之病，金运之病、燥气之病，水运之病、寒气之病，总归为一病。不使初学医工，枉费
心思而不得其头绪也。
诸风掉眩属肝木，诸暴强直风所因，支痛软戾难转侧，里急筋缩两胁疼。
【注】在天为风，在地为木，在人为肝，在体为筋。风气通于肝，故诸风为病，皆属
于肝木也。掉，摇动也，眩，昏晕也。风主动旋，故病则头身摇动目昏眩晕也。暴，卒
也，强直，筋病，强急不柔也。风性劲急，风入于筋，故病则卒然筋急强直也。其四肢拘
急疼痛，筋软短缩，乖戾失常，难于转侧，里急胁痛，亦皆风伤其筋，转入里病也。
诸痛痒疮属心火，诸热昏喑躁谵狂，暴注下迫呕酸苦，膺背彻痛血家殃。
【注】在天为热，在地为火，在人为心，在体为脉。热气通于心，故诸火痛痒疮之病，
皆属于心火也。热微则燥，皮作痒。热甚则灼，肤作痛。热入经脉与血凝结，浅则为痈，
深则为疽，更深入之，则伤脏腑。心藏神，热乘于心，则神不明，故昏冒不省人事也。心
主言，热乘于心，则神不辨，故喑而不能言，或妄言而谵语也。火主动，热乘于身，则身
动而不宁，故身躁扰，动甚则发狂也。暴注者，卒暴水泻，火与水为病也。下迫者，后
重里急，火与气为病也。呕吐酸苦，火病胃也。膺背彻痛，火伤胸也。血家殃者，热入
于脉，则血满腾，不上溢则下泻，而为一切失血之病也。
诸湿肿满属脾土，霍乱积饮痞闭疼，食少体重肢不举，腹满肠鸣飨泄频。
【注】在天为湿，在地为土，在人为脾，在体为肉。湿气通于脾，故诸湿为病，皆属
于脾土也。湿蓄内外，故肉肿腹满也。饮乱于中，故病霍乱也。脾失健运，故病积饮也。
脾气凝结，故病痞硬、便闭而痛也。脾主化谷，病则食少也。脾主肌肉，湿胜故身重也。
脾主四肢，四肢不举，亦由湿使然也。脾主腹，湿淫腹疾，故腹满、肠鸣、飨泄也。
诸气 郁痿肺金，喘咳痰血气逆生，诸燥涩枯涸干劲，皱揭皮肤肩臂疼。
【注】在天为燥，在地为金，在人为肺，在体为皮。燥气通于肺，故诸燥气为病，皆
属于肺金也。 郁，谓气逆胸满， 郁不舒也。痿，谓肺痿咳嗽，唾浊痰涎不已也。喘
咳气逆、唾痰涎血，皆肺病也。凡涩枯涸干劲，皆燥之化也。干劲似乎强直，皆筋劲病
也。故卒然者，多风入而筋劲也。久之者，多枯燥而筋劲也。皱，肤皱涩也。揭，皮揭起
也，此燥之病乎外也。臂痛肩痛也，亦燥之病于经也。
诸寒收引属肾水，吐下腥秽彻清寒，厥逆禁固骨节痛， 瘕 疝腹急坚。
【注】在天为寒，在地为水，在人为肾，在体为骨。寒气通于肾，故诸寒气为病，皆
属于肾水也。收，敛也，引，急也。肾属水，其化寒，敛缩拘急，寒之化也。热之化，吐
下酸苦，故寒之化，吐下腥秽也。热之化，水液混浊，故寒之化，澄彻清冷也。厥逆，四
肢冷也。禁固，收引坚劲。寒伤于外，则骨节痛也。寒伤于内，则 瘕、 疝、腹急坚痛也。
The diseases caused by the Five Movements and Six Qi differ in name but share similar clinical manifestations, varying only according to individual constitutional predispositions. Herein, these two categories of diseases are consolidated into one for discussion, to prevent physicians from expending effort in vain.
[Annotation] Although the diseases caused by the Five Movements and Six Qi bear different names—such as Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, Wind, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Cold—their actual clinical presentations are identical. Thus, the diseases of the Wood Movement and those caused by Wind Qi; the diseases of the Fire Movement and those caused by Summer-heat Qi; the diseases of the Earth Movement and those caused by Dampness Qi; the diseases of the Metal Movement and those caused by Dryness Qi; and the diseases of the Water Movement and those caused by Cold Qi—are collectively categorized together. This is intended to prevent novice practitioners from wasting their mental efforts without finding the proper approach.
Various wind-induced disorders characterized by tremors and vertigo belong to the Liver-Wood system. Various sudden cases of rigidity and spasms are caused by Wind pathogen. Pain in the limbs, tendon contracture making turning difficult, internal urgency, tendon shortening, and pain in both hypochondria also fall under this category.
[Annotation] In Heaven it is Wind, on Earth it is Wood, in Humans it is the Liver, and in the body it corresponds to the Tendons (Jin). Wind Qi communicates with the Liver; therefore, all diseases caused by Wind pathogens belong to the Liver-Wood system. "Diao" refers to trembling or shaking; "Xuan" refers to dizziness or vertigo. Since Wind is active and rotational, disease manifests as shaking of the head and body, along with blurred vision and vertigo. "Bao" means sudden; "Qiangzhi" refers to a tendon disorder characterized by stiffness and lack of flexibility. The nature of Wind is forceful and urgent; when Wind pathogen enters the tendons, it causes sudden stiffness and rigidity. Limb contracture and pain, soft and shortened tendons, dysfunction making turning difficult, internal urgency, and hypochondriac pain are all due to Wind damaging the tendons, with the pathogen penetrating inward.
Various pains, itching, and sores belong to the Heart-Fire system. Various heat-induced disorders manifesting as coma, aphonia, restlessness, delirium, and mania; sudden watery diarrhea with tenesmus; vomiting of sour and bitter fluids; piercing pain across the chest and back; and calamities affecting blood disorders.
[Annotation] In Heaven it is Heat, on Earth it is Fire, in Humans it is the Heart, and in the body it corresponds to the Vessels (Mai). Heat Qi communicates with the Heart; therefore, all diseases of pain, itching, and sores caused by Fire pathogens belong to the Heart-Fire system. Mild heat causes dryness and skin itching; severe heat causes burning and skin pain. When Heat pathogen enters the vessels and coagulates with Blood, superficial involvement results in carbuncles (Yong), deep involvement in ulcers (Ju), and further penetration damages the Zang-Fu organs. The Heart houses the Spirit (Shen); when Heat invades the Heart, the Spirit becomes unclear, leading to coma and loss of consciousness. The Heart governs speech; when Heat invades the Heart, the Spirit cannot discern, leading to aphonia and inability to speak, or delirious speech. Fire is active; when Heat invades the body, the body moves restlessly, causing agitation, and severe agitation leads to mania. "Baozhu" refers to sudden, violent watery diarrhea, a disease of Fire interacting with Water. "Xiapo" refers to tenesmus (feeling of incomplete evacuation), a disease of Fire interacting with Qi. Vomiting sour and bitter fluids indicates Fire pathogen affecting the Stomach. Piercing pain across the chest and back indicates Fire damaging the Chest. "Calamity of Blood Disorders" refers to Heat entering the vessels, causing Blood to surge and overflow; if not bleeding upwards, it bleeds downwards, resulting in various hemorrhagic diseases.
Various dampness-induced edema and fullness belong to the Spleen-Earth system. Huoluan (cholera-like disorder), retained fluid, obstruction, and pain; decreased appetite, heavy body, inability to lift the limbs; abdominal distension, borborygmus, and frequent undigested stool diarrhea.
[Annotation] In Heaven it is Dampness, on Earth it is Earth, in Humans it is the Spleen, and in the body it corresponds to the Flesh (Rou). Dampness Qi communicates with the Spleen; therefore, all diseases caused by Dampness pathogens belong to the Spleen-Earth system. Accumulation of Dampness internally and externally causes flesh swelling and abdominal distension. Disorder of Fluid retention in the middle jiao causes Huoluan. Failure of the Spleen to transform and transport leads to retained fluid. Congestion of Spleen Qi leads to palpable masses (Pi), hardness, constipation, and pain. The Spleen governs the digestion of grains; disease results in poor appetite. The Spleen governs muscles; excess Dampness causes heaviness of the body. The Spleen governs the four limbs; inability to lift the limbs is also caused by Dampness. The Spleen governs the abdomen; Dampness overflowing causes abdominal diseases, resulting in distension, borborygmus, and diarrhea with undigested food.
Various qi stagnation and flaccidity syndromes belong to the Lung-Metal system. Asthma, cough, sputum with blood, and rising of Qi; various dryness-induced astringency, withering, dehydration, tightness, wrinkled and peeling skin, and shoulder-arm pain.
[Annotation] In Heaven it is Dryness, on Earth it is Metal, in Humans it is the Lung, and in the body it corresponds to the Skin (Pi). Dryness Qi communicates with the Lung; therefore, all diseases caused by Dryness Qi belong to the Lung-Metal system. "Yu" refers to rebellious Qi causing chest fullness and stagnation without relief. "Wei" refers to Lung Wei (flaccidity) with cough and continuous expectoration of turbid phlegm. Asthma, cough, rebellious Qi, and expectoration of phlegm and blood are all Lung diseases. Astringency, withering, dehydration, and tightness are all transformations of Dryness. Tightness resembles rigidity and involves stiff tendons. Sudden onset usually indicates Wind invading the tendons causing stiffness; chronic duration usually indicates dryness causing tendon stiffness. "Zhou" refers to wrinkled and rough skin. "Jie" refers to peeling skin, indicating Dryness pathology on the exterior. Shoulder and arm pain indicate Dryness pathology in the meridians.
Various cold-induced contraction and pulling belong to the Kidney-Water system. Vomiting and purging of foul-smelling, clear, and cold substances; cold extremities and rigidity; bone and joint pain; abdominal masses (Jia), hernias (Shan), and acute abdominal hardness.
[Annotation] In Heaven it is Cold, on Earth it is Water, in Humans it is the Kidney, and in the body it corresponds to the Bones (Gu). Cold Qi communicates with the Kidney; therefore, all diseases caused by Cold Qi belong to the Kidney-Water system. "Shou" means contraction; "Yin" means pulling or urgency. The Kidney belongs to Water, and its transformation is Cold; contraction and cramping are transformations of Cold. The transformation of Heat involves vomiting and purging of sour and bitter substances; thus, the transformation of Cold involves vomiting and purging of foul-smelling substances. The transformation of Heat involves turbid fluids; thus, the transformation of Cold involves clear and cold fluids. "Jueni" refers to cold extremities. "Jingu" refers to contraction, pulling, and stiffness. Cold injuring the exterior causes bone and joint pain. Cold injuring the interior causes abdominal masses (Jia), hernias (Shan), and acute, hard abdominal pain.