冷闭者，寒冷之气横于肠胃，凝阴固结，阳气不行，津液不通，其人肠内气攻，喜热恶
冷，其脉迟涩者是也。
半硫丸
半夏（汤洗七次，焙干为细末） 硫黄（明净好者，研令极细，用柳木棰子杀过）
上以生姜自然汁同熬，入干蒸饼末，搅和匀，入臼内杵数百下，丸如梧子大，每服十五
丸至二十丸，无灰温酒或生姜汤任下。妇人醋汤下，俱空心服。
《准绳》云∶热药多秘，惟硫黄暖而能通。冷药多泄，惟黄连肥肠而止泄。
热闭者，热搏津液，肠胃燥结，伤寒热邪传里，及肠胃素有积热者，多有此疾。其症面
赤身热，腹中胀闭，时欲喜冷，或口舌生疮。
大黄饮子 治身热烦躁，大便不通。
大黄（湿纸裹煨，二钱） 杏仁（炒，去皮尖） 枳壳（麸炒） 栀子仁 生地黄（各一钱半）
人参 黄芩（各七分） 川升麻（一钱） 甘草（炙，五分）
上作一服，水二盅，姜五片，豆豉二十一粒，乌梅一枚，煎至一盅，不拘时服。
气闭者，气内滞而物不行也。其脉沉，其人多噫，心腹痞闷，胁肋 胀，此不可用药通
之。虽或暂通而其闭益甚矣。或迫之使通，因而下血者，惟当顺气，气顺则便自通矣。
苏子降气汤 加枳壳、杏仁煎。此药流行肺气。（见饮气嗽门。）
苏感丸 即苏合四分，感应六分，研和别丸。大凡腹痛而呕，欲利其大便，诸药
皆令人吐，惟苏感丸用姜汁泡汤下最妙。
六磨汤 治气滞腹急，大便秘涩。
沉香 木香 槟榔 乌药 枳壳 大黄（各等分）
上六味，热汤磨服。
Cold obstruction refers to the condition where cold pathogenic qi stagnates horizontally within the stomach and intestines, causing yin-cold to coagulate and bind firmly. This obstructs the movement of yang qi and the unimpeded flow of body fluids. The patient experiences gas attacking the intestines, prefers warmth and dislikes cold, and presents with a slow and choppy pulse. This characterizes cold obstruction.
Banliu Wan (Half-Phytolacca Pill)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in decoction, dried and ground into fine powder) Liuhuang (Sulfur, selected for brightness and purity, ground extremely fine, processed by beating with a willow mallet)
These two ingredients are boiled together with fresh juice extracted from Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Gan Zhengbing Mo (powder from steamed dry dough cake) is added, mixed evenly, pounded hundreds of times in a mortar, and formed into pills the size of a Chinese quince seed. Each dose consists of 15 to 20 pills, taken with warm wine free of impurities or ginger tea, at the practitioner's discretion. For women, vinegar-infused water may be used. All doses should be taken on an empty stomach.
*Zhunsheng* states: Hot-natured herbs often cause constipation; only Sulfur is warm yet capable of promoting bowel movement. Cold-natured herbs often cause diarrhea; only Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can fatten the intestines and stop diarrhea.
Heat obstruction occurs when heat pathogens contend with body fluids, leading to dryness and binding in the stomach and intestines. This condition is common in patients whose typhoid heat pathogens have transmitted inward, or those who inherently possess accumulated heat in their stomach and intestines. Symptoms include a red face, fever, abdominal distension and blockage, a frequent desire for cold drinks, and sores on the mouth and tongue.
Dahuang Yinzi (Rhubarb Decoction) treats fever, restlessness, and constipation.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in wet paper and baked, 2 qian) Xingren (Pruni Semen, stir-fried, skin and tips removed) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried) Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, 1.5 qian each) Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 1.5 qian each)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 0.7 qian each) Chuan Shengma (Bupleuri Radix, 1 qian) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted, 0.5 qian)
Take as one dose. Add 2 zhong of water, 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), 21 grains of Douchi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), and 1 Wumei (Mume Fructus). Decoct until 1 zhong remains. Take at any time.
Qi obstruction refers to internal stagnation of qi, preventing the passage of waste. The pulse is deep, the patient frequently belches, and experiences epigastric and abdominal fullness and oppression, along with hypochondriac distension. In such cases, medication should not be used to forcibly promote evacuation. Although temporary relief may occur, the obstruction will worsen. If forced open, it may lead to lower gastrointestinal bleeding. One should instead focus on smoothing the qi; once the qi flows smoothly, defecation will naturally resume.
Suzi Jiangqi Tang (Perilla Seed Decoction to Direct Qi Downward) with added Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and Xingren (Pruni Semen) decocted. This medicine promotes the free flow of lung qi. (See section on Cough due to Fluid-Qi.)
Sugan Wan (Suhe and Yinggan Pill) consists of four parts Suhe Xiang (Styrax) and six parts Yinggan San (Yinggan Powder), ground together and formed into separate pills. Generally, when abdominal pain is accompanied by vomiting and there is a need to promote bowel movement, most medications induce vomiting. However, Sugan Wan taken with ginger-juice-infused water is most effective.
Lumo Tang (Six-Mortar Decoction) treats abdominal urgency due to qi stagnation and hard, difficult defecation.
Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Binglang (Arecae Semen) Wuyao (Tso-wu-yao / Linderae Radix) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, equal parts)
The above six herbs are ground in hot water and taken.