牙齿者，骨之所终，髓之所养也。又手足阳明之支脉入于齿，故骨髓之气不足，与夫阳
明之
脉虚，风冷乘之而痛者，谓之风痛。虫居齿根，侵蚀不已，传受余齿而痛者，谓之虫痛。若
足少阴脉虚，不能荣养于骨，因呼吸风寒，或饮嗽寒水而痛者，谓之肾虚齿风痛。风痛者，
齿龈多肿，或赤，得风则痛愈甚。虫痛者，齿龈有窍，甚则摇动宣露。虚痛者，悠悠戚戚，
无甚大痛，而亦久而不已也。亦有肾虚阴火上冲作痛者，其候手足冷，腰膝软痛，气上冲，
头面热色赤，颈筋粗大，舌不大赤，龈不甚肿，七味汤加骨碎补、牛膝治之。一服如神。
【去风之剂】
皂荚汤
皂荚（一挺，去皮子，炒令黄色） 露蜂房（一枚） 盐（一分）
三味掣锉，分为三帖，每帖以浆水煎，热漱，冷吐。
当归连翘饮
当归 川芎 连翘 生地 防风 荆芥 白芷 羌活 黄芩 黑山栀 枳壳 甘草 细
辛
水煎服。
东垣蝎梢散
麻黄（一钱） 白芷 羌活 防风 本 柴胡 升麻（各五分） 当归（六分） 蝎梢（少
许） 生地（一钱半） 细辛（三分） 草豆蔻（一钱） 羊胫骨灰（二钱）
上为细末，先用温水漱口净，后搽之，其痛立止。一方有熟地、黄连、吴茱萸。
【补肾去风之剂】
地黄丸 治肾脏虚，食冷热齿皆痛。
生地黄（一两） 白茯苓 防风 独活 枸杞子 山药（各半两）
六味捣罗为末，炼蜜丸梧子大，每空心煎枣汤下十丸至十五丸。（《圣济》）
张文仲疗齿根欲脱方
生地黄捣，以棉裹贴齿根，常含之甚妙。
地骨皮汤
地骨皮 生干地黄（各一两） 细辛（半两） 戎盐（一分）
每用五钱，水煎三五沸，热漱冷吐，为瘥为度。
地黄汤
生地黄（二两） 独活（一两）
每用五钱，以酒一盏浸一宿，煎十余沸，热漱冷吐，以瘥为度。
【杀虫之剂】
白矾散 治龋齿，根肿出脓汁。
白矾（烧灰） 熊胆（各一分） 蟾酥 雄黄 麝香（各半分）
上为散，每用半钱，敷牙根。一方有干蛤蟆半分。
牛膝散 治风龋疼痛，解骨槽风毒痛。
牛膝（一两，烧灰）
每以少许末，着齿间含之。
又方 郁李根一握，水一盏，煎至六分，热含之，吐虫长六分，黑头。
又方 大醋一升，煮枸杞根白皮一升，取半升，含之虫立出。（《肘后》）
【补肾之剂】
地黄丸
人参 山萸（各四两） 生地（五斤取汁） 白蜜（一升） 枸杞根（三两） 白茯苓（二两）
酥（少许）
上将参、苓、杞、萸为末，以好酒一斗煎至三升，去滓，入地黄汁酥蜜同煎至可丸，即
丸如小豆大，每服二十丸，温酒送下，日三服，渐加至五服。
八味丸
安肾丸
Teeth are the terminal point of bones and are nourished by marrow. Additionally, the branch meridians of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian enter the teeth. Therefore, if the Qi of bone marrow is insufficient, or if the Yangming meridians are deficient, allowing Wind-Cold to invade and cause pain, it is termed Wind Toothache (Feng Tong). If parasites reside in the tooth roots, continuously eroding them and spreading to other teeth causing pain, it is termed Parasitic Toothache (Chong Tong). If the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian is deficient and cannot nourish the bones, leading to pain due to inhaling Wind-Cold or drinking/coughing up cold water, it is termed Kidney-Deficiency Wind Toothache (Shen Xu Chi Feng Tong). Symptoms of Wind Toothache include swollen gums, often red, with pain worsening upon exposure to wind. Symptoms of Parasitic Toothache include holes in the gums, and in severe cases, loose teeth or exposed roots. Symptoms of Deficiency Toothache involve lingering, mild discomfort without severe acute pain, yet persisting for a long time. There are also cases where Kidney Deficiency causes Yin Fire to flare upward, resulting in pain; manifestations include cold hands and feet, soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, sensation of Qi rushing upward, heat and redness in the head and face, enlarged neck veins, a tongue that is not very red, and gums that are not significantly swollen. This is treated with Qiwei Tang (Seven-Ingredient Decoction) added with Gusuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma) and Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix). One dose yields miraculous results.
[Wind-Expelling Formulas]
Zaojia Tang (Soap Bean Decoction)
Zaojiao (Gleditsiae Fructus, one pod, peeled and seeded, stir-fried until yellow) Lufengfang (Vespa Crabro Nest, one piece) Yan (Salt, one fen)
The three ingredients are chopped, divided into three doses. Each dose is decocted in Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid), swished hot in the mouth, and spat out when cool.
Danggui Lianqiao Yin (Angelica Sinensis and Forsythia Drink)
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) Heishanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus, charred) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma)
Decoct in water and take orally.
Dongyuan Xieshao San (Dongyuan's Scorpion Tip Powder)
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 qian) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Bencao (Ligustici Rhizoma) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) [each 5 fen] Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 6 fen) Xieshao (Scorpio tip, a small amount) Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix, 1.5 qian) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen) Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, 1 qian) Yangjingguhui (Ash from sheep tibia, 2 qian)
Grind all ingredients into fine powder. First rinse the mouth thoroughly with warm water, then apply the powder to the affected area; pain stops immediately. Another version includes Shudi (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus).
[Kidney-Nourishing and Wind-Expelling Formulas]
Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill)
Treats kidney deficiency where teeth hurt upon consuming both hot and cold foods.
Shengdi (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix, 1 liang) Bai Fuling (Poria with Hostwood, half liang) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, half liang) Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, half liang) Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus, half liang) Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, half liang)
Pulverize the six ingredients, refine honey, and make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 10–15 pills on an empty stomach with jujube soup. (From *Shengji Zonglu*)
Zhang Wenzhong’s Formula for Loosening Tooth Roots
Mash fresh rehmannia root, wrap in cotton, and apply to the tooth root. Holding it frequently yields excellent results.
Digupi Tang (Phellodendri Cortex Decoction)
Digupi (Phellodendri Cortex) Shenggan Dihuang (Dried Fresh Rehmanniae Radix) [each 1 liang] Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, half liang) Rongyan (Roc Salt, 1 fen)
Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in water for 3–5 boils. Swish hot and spit out when cool. Continue until cured.
Dihuang Tang (Rehmannia Decoction)
Shengdi (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix, 2 liang) Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, 1 liang)
Take 5 qian per dose, soak in one cup of wine overnight. Decoct for more than ten boils. Swish hot and spit out when cool. Continue until cured.
[Parasite-Killing Formulas]
Bai Fan San (Alum Powder)
Treats dental caries with swollen roots discharging pus.
Baifan (Alumen, calcined to ash) Xiongdan (Ursi Fel, 1 fen each) Chansu (Toad Venom) Xionghuang (Realgar) Shexiang (Moschus) [each half fen]
Grind into powder. Apply half a qian to the gum roots per use. Another version adds Gan Hamato (Dried Toad, half fen).
Niuxi San (Achyranthes Powder)
Treats wind-induced caries pain and resolves toxicity from alveolar osteitis (bone trough wind).
Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, 1 liang, calcined to ash)
Take a small amount of powder, place between teeth, and hold.
Another Formula:
Take a handful of Yuli Gen (Prunus japonica root), add one cup of water, decoct to 0.6 cups. Hold hot in the mouth. It may expel a worm 0.6 cun long with a black head.
Another Formula:
Take one sheng of strong vinegar, boil one sheng of Gouqi Gen Baipi (Lycii Radicis Cortex) in it, reduce to half a sheng. Hold in the mouth; worms will be expelled immediately. (From *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
[Kidney-Nourishing Formulas]
Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Shanyuzhuyu (Corni Fructus) [each 4 liang] Shengdi (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix, juice from 5 jin) Baimi (White Honey, 1 sheng) Gouqi Gen (Lycii Radix, 3 liang) Bai Fuling (Poria with Hostwood, 2 liang) Su (Butter/Ghee, a small amount)
First, grind Renshen, Fuling, Gouqi Gen, and Shanyuzhuyu into powder. Decoct in 1 dou of good wine until reduced to 3 sheng. Strain, then add Shengdi juice, butter, and honey. Decoct further until suitable for pill-making. Form pills the size of adzuki beans. Take 20 pills per dose with warm wine, three times daily. Gradually increase to five doses per day.
Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill)
Anshen Wan (Kidney-Anchoring Pill)