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(The following content is derived from the ancient measurement data in the "Bone Measurement" chapter. However, individuals with larger bones will have larger measurements, while those with smaller bones will have smaller measurements; this text merely outlines general principles.)

Head
The maximum circumference of the head is 2 chi 6 cun. The area covered by hair, from the frontal bone to the nape, measures 1 chi 2 cun. ("Frontal bone covered by hair" refers to the distance from the anterior hairline to the posterior hairline at the nape.)
From below the hairline to the chin (Yi) is 1 chi. (The middle part of the mandible is called Yi; Han refers to the cheek/jaw area.) The distance between the two zygomatic bones is 7 cun. From the side of the ear (Jiao) down to the pillar bone (Zhu Gu, root of the neck) is 1 chi. (The lateral side above the ear is called Jiao. The area above the shoulder and chest connecting to the root of the neck is called Zhu Gu.) At the position in front of the ear corresponding to Er Men, the width is 1 chi 3 cun. At the position behind the ear corresponding to Wan Gu, the width is 9 cun. (Wan Gu is the prominent bone behind the ear at the hairline.)
From the posterior hairline down to the dorsal vertebrae (Da Zhui) is 3.5 cun. (Referring to the position from the posterior hairline to the third cervical spinous process at Da Zhui.) Method for measuring the head: The distance from the anterior hairline to the posterior hairline is折算 (converted/measured) as 1 chi 2 cun. If the hairline is unclear, take the straight vertical distance from the glabella up to the Da Zhu bone and convert it to 1 chi 8 cun. This is the method for vertical Cun. For horizontal Cun, the distance from the inner canthus to the outer canthus is used as a reference for 1 cun.
Both horizontal and vertical Cun methods for the head are based on these standards.
From Shen Ting (DU-24) on the Governor Vessel to Qu Cha (BL-7) on the Bladder Meridian, from Qu Cha to Ben Shen (GB-13) on the Gallbladder Meridian, and from Ben Shen to Tou Wei (ST-8) on the Stomach Meridian, each interval is 1.5 cun. The total distance from Shen Ting to Tou Wei is 4.5 cun.

Chest and Abdomen
From the laryngeal prominence to the center of Que Pen is 4 cun. (This refers to the depression above Ju Gu, which is the location of Tian Tu CV-22.)
From Que Pen to the center of Ji Wei (epigastrium/xiphoid area) is 9 cun. From Ji Wei to Tianshu ST-25 is 8 cun. (Tianshu is an acupoint of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, located beside the umbilicus; here it refers to the level of the umbilicus.)
From Tianshu to Heng Gu is 6.5 cun. The transverse length of Heng Gu is 6.5 cun. (The bone below the pubic hair is called Heng Gu. Note: These are ancient measurements. Comparing them with current clinical acupoints reveals many discrepancies; therefore, the later method for folding/measurements of the chest and abdomen should be adopted as appropriate.) The chest circumference is 4 chi 5 cun, the waist circumference is 4 chi 2 cun, and the width between the two breasts is 9.5 cun. (It is more appropriate to convert this to 8 cun.)
The width between the two thighs is 6.5 cun. (This refers to the space between the two legs, at the ends of the Heng Gu, commonly known as the groin crease.) Method for measuring the chest and abdomen: For vertical Cun, using the midline. Starting from Tian Tu CV-22 in Que Pen up to Zhong Ting CV-17 at the upper end of the costal junction, measure 8.4 cun. From the lower end of the costal junction above Ji Wei to the center of the umbilicus, measure 8 cun. From the center of the umbilicus down to Qu Gu CV-4 at the pubic hairline, measure 5 cun. For horizontal Cun, the distance between the two breasts is converted to 8 cun. Both horizontal and vertical Cun methods for the chest and abdomen are based on these standards.

Back
From the spinal column (Lu Gu) down to the coccyx, comprising 21 segments, the length is 3 chi. (Lu Gu refers to the vertebral column. The vertebrae are small externally but large internally; humans can bear weight because of the magnitude of these bones. There are 24 vertebrae in total; the mention of 21 excludes the 3 cervical vertebrae not included here. The coccyx is pointed in males and flat in females.) Method for measuring the back: From Da Zhui GV-14 to the coccyx, the total length is 3 chi. The upper 7 segments each measure 1.41 cun, totaling 9.87 cun; the middle 7 segments each measure 1.61 cun, totaling 11.27 cun, with the 14th segment level with the umbilicus; the lower 7 segments each measure 1.26 cun, totaling 8.82 cun. The total is 2 chi 9.96 cun. The remaining 0.04 cun is an uncalculated remainder. Vertical Cun follows this standard. For horizontal Cun, use the Middle Finger Body-Cun method. The internal width of the vertebral column is 1 cun. Whenever it mentions "1.5 cun from the second row paravertebral" or "3 cun from the third row paravertebral," one must exclude the 1 cun width of the spine itself, calculating purely based on 1.5 cun or 3 cun. Therefore, in the second row, it should be calculated as 2 cun. In the third row, it should be calculated as 3.5 cun.

Lateral Side
From Zhu Gu down to the invisible part under the axilla is 4 cun. (Zhu Gu is the bone at the root of the neck.) From the axilla to the Ji Xie (hypochondriac region) is 1 chi 2 cun. (Ji Xie refers to the floating ribs.)
From Ji Xie to Bi Shu is 6 cun. (The thigh is called Gu. The upper part of the thigh is called Bi. The junction where the bones meet below the greater trochanter and above the thigh is called Bi Shu, corresponding to the location of Huan Tiao GB-30 on the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. From Bi Shu down to the knee joint is 1 chi 9 cun.)

Limbs
From the shoulder to the elbow is 1 chi 7 cun. From the elbow to the wrist is 1 chi 2.5 cun. (The middle section of the arm is called Elbow.) From the wrist to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger is 4 cun. (The junction of the arm and palm is called Wrist.) From this joint to the tip of the finger is 4.5 cun. (The distal phalanx is called the proximal joint in this context, referring to the last segment of the finger.) From the upper margin of Heng Gu down to the upper margin of the Neifu (medial condyle) is 1 chi 8 cun. (The bone edge is called Lian. The protruding bone beside the knee is called Fu Gu. The medial side is Neifu, and the lateral side is Waifu.) From the upper margin of Neifu down to the lower margin is 3.5 cun. (The upper and lower margins can be palpated.) From the lower margin of Neifu down to the medial malleolus is 1 chi 3 cun. (Malleolus meaning seen previously.) From the medial malleolus down to the ground is 3 cun. From the knee down to the lateral malleolus is 1 chi 6 cun. From the lateral malleolus down to Jing Gu (the fifth metatarsal base) is 3 cun. From Jing Gu down to the ground is 1 cun. From the popliteal fossa (Nao) down to the Shu Shu (dorsum of foot attachment) is 1 chi 2 cun. (Nao refers to the popliteal fossa. Fu refers to the dorsum of the foot. The knee is anterior, and Nao is posterior. Shu Shu refers to any area anterior and posterior to the malleoli where the tibia/fibula meets the foot sole, all belonging to the category of Fu.) From Shu Shu down to the ground is 3 cun. The foot length is 1 chi 2 cun, and the width is 4.5 cun. Measurements for hands and feet all use the Middle Finger Body-Cun method described later.

Theory of Body-Cun
Body-Cun refers to measurements proportional to the individual's own body dimensions. People vary in height and build, so the horizontal and vertical distances for acupoints cannot be uniform. If the Middle Finger Body-Cun method is applied indiscriminately, then thin people with long fingers and fat people with short fingers would lead to errors. Therefore, one must select measurements according to the individual's physique to be accurate. As stated in *Biao You Fu*: "When selecting five points, use one point as a standard; when selecting three meridians, use one meridian as a standard." This means aligning one meridian with adjacent ones and one point with adjacent points. It is like phonetic notation: using a specific initial and final sound to bracket the pronunciation, thereby revealing the true nature of the meridians and acupoints. Thus, head measurements must be taken from the head, abdominal measurements from the abdomen, back measurements from the back, and limb measurements from the limbs, averaging their lengths and sizes to achieve the Body-Cun method. This method is attached below the previous sections. The later "Middle Finger Body-Cun method," although not to be used indiscriminately, has its applicable contexts and is listed below.

Middle Finger Body-Cun Method
For men, use the left hand; for women, use the right hand. Curve the thumb and middle finger to form a ring. Measure the distance between the two ends of the transverse crease of the middle phalanx (middle joint) of the middle finger as 1 cun. This method is used only for hand and foot dimensions and back horizontal Cun where no other folding method exists; it should not be mixed elsewhere.

Discussion on Differences Between Ancient and Modern Measurements
The "Bone Measurement" chapter states: "For a person seven chi five cun tall, what are the sizes and lengths of their bone joints?" Bo Gao replied: "The maximum circumference of the head is two chi six cun." Generally, the ancient chi was smaller; approximately one ancient chi equals eight modern cun. Therefore, a height of seven chi five cun corresponds to six modern chi, and a circumference of two chi six cun corresponds to two chi eight fen (0.8 cun) in modern terms. The rest follow this pattern. However, individuals with larger bones will necessarily exceed these standards, and those with smaller bones will fall short. When using folding/measurements methods, one should adjust proportionally according to the individual's size to achieve the best accuracy.