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The Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian originates in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), descends to connect with the Large Intestine, ascends through the Diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the Lung system (trachea, larynx, and tissues connecting to the lung), it emerges horizontally at the axilla (Jiquan, HT1), runs along the anterior medial aspect of the upper arm, passes through the cubital fossa, travels along the Cun Kou (Radial Pulse), and reaches the Yu Ji (Thenar Eminence). Pathological changes in this meridian present as lung distension with a rumbling sound, pain in the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen), and crossing both hands over the chest, known as Bi-Jue (Arm Reversal). Diseases generated by this meridian primarily include Qi rebellion with cough, panting with audible breathing, irritability, chest fullness and stagnation, pain along the anterior medial aspect of the upper arm, frequent urination, and heat in the palm. When Lung Qi is deficient, there is cold pain in the shoulder and back; when Lung Qi is excess, wind-sweat occurs. Symptoms include yawning, stretching, shortness of breath, incontinence of feces, and alteration in urine color.

The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian begins at Shangyang (LI1) on the radial side of the index finger, ascends along the radial border of the finger, passes through Hegu (LI4), between the two tendons at the岐骨 (bifurcation of radius and ulna), runs along the anterior lateral aspect of the forearm, enters the lateral aspect of the elbow, ascends along the anterior lateral aspect of the upper arm to the anterior border of the shoulder joint, runs alongside the cervical vertebrae (Zhu Gu), enters the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen) from below the shoulder, connects with the Lung, descends through the Diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. A branch arises from the Quepen, ascends to the neck, crosses obliquely across the cheek, enters the lower teeth, returns to cross at the Renzhong (GV26), ascends to clamp the nostrils, and pours into Yingxiang (LI20), connecting with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This meridian has abundant blood and Qi. Changes in the meridian cause neck swelling and toothache; diseases generated include rhinorrhea (Qiu), epistaxis, yellow eyes, dry mouth, throat obstruction (Bi), difficulty using the thumb and index finger, and persistent pain in the lateral shoulder. Excess pathogenic factors lead to hot and swollen meridians, while deficiency leads to chills and worsening of the disease.

The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian begins beside the nose, descends along the lateral nose into the upper teeth, returns to encircle the lips around Chengjiang (CV24), goes posteriorly along the mandible through Daying (ST5) and Jiache (ST6), to the hairline before the ear and forehead. It then descends from Biguan (ST31) to the patella, runs along the lateral aspect of the tibia to the dorsum of the foot, entering the medial side of the second toe. A branch descends from the knee at Zusanli (ST36) to the lateral side of the middle toe; another branch diverges at the dorsum of the foot to the tip of the big toe, where it meets the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Changes in the meridian cause yawning, dark facial complexion, aversion to cold, fear of people, palpitations upon hearing wood sounds, climbing high and singing, discarding clothes and running, abdominal distension with borborygmi, all constituting Jue syndromes. Diseases generated include mania, malaria, damp-warmth with sweating and epistaxis, cracked lips, throat obstruction, knee and patella pain, abdominal distension and stagnation, pain in the chest, Ying, Futu (ST32), and lateral aspects, and severe pain in the dorsum of the foot and middle toe. Excess leads to rapid digestion and yellow urine; deficiency leads to cold shivering in the front of the body, gastric distension, indigestion, and heat in the anterior body.

The Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian begins at the tip of the big toe, ascends along the medial border of the foot at the junction of red and white skin, passes behind the nuclear bone (base of the first metatarsal), anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends along the medial tibia within the knee popliteal region, then along the anterior medial aspect of the thigh into the abdomen, belonging to the Spleen and connecting with the Stomach. Pathological changes include regurgitation after eating, epigastric pain, body pain difficult to move, abdominal distension, belching, stiff tongue base, and relief after defecation or passing gas. Diseases generated include tongue pain, heavy body, anorexia, heart vexation, urgent pain in the epigastrium, watery diarrhea or loose stools, masses (Jia), cold malaria, inability to lie down, swelling of thighs and knees when standing forcibly, jaundice with yellow skin, and atrophy of the big toe.

The Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian originates in the Heart, descends through the Diaphragm to communicate directly with the Small Intestine. A branch returns from the Lung system, ascends straight to the throat, and connects with the eye system. The main vessel ascends from the Heart to the Lung, emerges from the axilla (Jiquan, HT1). Pathological changes include thirst for water and dry throat. Diseases generated include hypochondriac pain, eyes like gold, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the upper arm, and heat in the palm, treated by following the meridian.

The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian begins at Shaose (SI1) on the ulnar side of the little finger, ascends along the lateral hand out of the ankle bone, along the ulnar side of the forearm out of the medial elbow, ascends along the posterior lateral aspect of the upper arm to the scapula, intersects at Dazhui (GV14), enters the Supraclavicular Fossa, connects with the Heart, follows the esophagus, passes through the Diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. A branch from the Quepen ascends to the neck, passes the cheek, reaches the outer canthus, and enters the ear. Another branch from the cheek ascends to the infraorbital region, reaches the nose, enters the inner canthus, and obliquely connects with the Zygomatic bone, linking with the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. This meridian has less Qi and more Blood. Changes cause pain in the posterior lateral aspect of the elbow and arm, which should be distinguished carefully.

The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian begins at the inner canthus, ascends to the vertex. A branch from the vertex goes to the ear angle. The main vessel enters the brain from the vertex, exits at the nape, descends along the paraspinal muscles past the scapula and hip pivot (Huantiao, GB30), merges at the popliteal fossa, descends through the lateral malleolus, below Jinggu (BL64), to the lateral side of the little toe. This meridian has more Blood and less Qi. Changes cause unbearable headache, neck stiffness like being pulled, waist soreness like breaking, pain in the hip pivot extending to the spine, knotting in the popliteal fossa, and tearing sensation in the calf, known as An-Jue with tendon injury. Diseases generated include malaria, hemorrhoids, useless little toe, vertex pain, yellow eyes, low back and buttock pain radiating to the back, tearing and nasal congestion, and epilepsy.

The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian begins under the little toe,斜走 (diagonally) to Yongquan (KI1) in the sole, emerges below RanGu (KI2), posterior to the medial malleolus, enters the heel, ascends along the medial popliteal tendon, emerges along the posterior medial thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects with the Bladder. This meridian has abundant Qi and less Blood. Changes cause hunger without desire to eat, asthma, cough, spitting blood, hoarseness, difficulty sitting up, dull complexion, blurred vision, Qi deficiency, feeling of emptiness like hunger, and constant palpitations. Diseases generated include dry tongue, hot mouth and sore throat, rebellious Qi, pain in the posterior medial thigh and spine, heart and intestinal vexation, jaundice, Wei-Jue (atrophy and reversal), lethargy, lassitude, and hot painful soles, all constituting Kidney Jue.

The Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian originates in the chest, belongs to the Pericardium, descends through the Diaphragm to successively connect with the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. A branch follows the chest out to the hypochondrium, three cun below the axilla, ascends to the axilla, follows the medial arm, enters the elbow, descends the forearm between the two tendons, enters the palm, and emerges at the tip of the middle finger. A branch from the palm follows the ring finger to its tip, connecting with the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian. Pathological changes include spasms and tightness of the elbow and arm, axillary swelling, chest and hypochondriac fullness and stagnation, palpitations or large pulsations, excessive laughter, yellow eyes, and red face. Diseases generated include heart vexation, heart pain, and hot palms.

The Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian begins at Guanchong (TE1) on the ulnar side of the ring finger, between the two bones at the dorsal wrist, ascends between the two bones of the forearm, emerges posterior to the elbow, ascends along the lateral shoulder above the Shoulder Joint, intersects at Dazhui (GV14), enters the Supraclavicular Fossa, disperses in the Shanzhong (CV17), connects with the Pericardium, passes through the Diaphragm, and belongs to the Sanjiao. A branch from the Shanzhong ascends out of the Quepen, up the neck, behind the ear, straight up to the supra-auricular region, then curves down to the cheek, reaching the infraorbital region. Another branch from behind the ear enters the ear, emerges anterior to the ear, crosses at Matisu (TE16), intersects at the cheek, reaches the outer canthus, and connects with the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Changes cause tinnitus and throat swelling/obstruction. Diseases generated include spontaneous sweating, pain behind the ear and outer canthus, pain in the shoulder, arm, and elbow lateral aspects, and uselessness of the ring and little fingers.

The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian begins at the outer canthus, ascends to the head corner, descends behind the ear, passes Naokong (GB19) and Fengchi (GB20), meets the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian at the shoulder, descends to Jiache (ST6), meets at the Quepen, enters the chest, pierces the Diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, passes through the hypochondrium, descends to the Qijie (inguinal region), wraps around the pubic area, enters laterally into the Hip Aperture (Huantiao, GB30). The main vessel descends from the Quepen through the axilla and chest, passes the costal margin, descends through the hip aperture, emerges at the lateral knee at Yanglingquan (GB34), passes anterior to the fibular head and lateral malleolus, divides at the dorsum of the foot between the fourth and fifth toes. A branch leaves the big toe tip to connect with the Liver Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and less Blood. Changes cause bitter taste, frequent sighing, pain in the heart and hypochondrium difficult to move, dusty complexion, hot feet, lack of luster. Diseases generated include headache connected to the outer canthus, swelling and pain in the Quepen and axillae, Hashimoto's thyroiditis-like masses (Madao Xiaying) on both sides, chills and malaria with sweating, pain from the chest and hypochondrium to the thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa, pain at the fibular head and ankle, and pain in various joints.

The Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian ends at the tip of the big toe in the hairy region, divides at Taichong (LR3) on the medial dorsum of the foot, enters Zhongfeng (LR4) one cun anterior to the ankle, ascends the ankle, crosses posterior to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Pathological changes include pulsating artery, lower back pain, difficulty bending and stretching, hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women, dusty complexion, loss of color, and dry throat. Diseases generated include chest fullness, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, difficult urination, occasional enuresis and fox hernia, requiring careful clinical examination.