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In spring and summer, needling should be deep first and shallow later; in autumn and winter, it should be shallow first and deep later. Needle gently according to the patient's respiration. When inhaling, advance the needle to locate Neiguan (PC6), which is the method for tonifying deficiency and draining excess. The eight Confluent Points—Gongsun (SP4), Lieque (LU7), Zhaohai (KI6), Qianjin (GB41), Waiguan (TE5), Houxi (SI3), and Shenmai (BL62)—have specific indications: Qianjin and Waiguan treat disorders of the upper and lower body; Houxi and Shenmai can be treated with golden needles. Deep-then-shallow manipulation follows Yin numbers: three deep insertions followed by two shallow ones constitute Yin. Shallow-then-deep manipulation follows Yang numbers: two shallow insertions followed by three deep ones constitute Yang. Qianjin and Gongsun treat intestinal diseases; Shenmai treats spinal, head, and lumbar-dorsal diseases; Zhaohai requires slow pressing to descend Yang Qi. Whether selecting Yang or Yin meridians, six manipulations are performed. Skilled practitioners achieve remarkable results with this technique.

[Diagram of Zang-Fu Organs]
[Meridian Diagram of Supine Position]
[Meridian Diagram of Prone Position]

The Five Zang Organs: "Zang" means to store. The Heart stores Shen (Spirit), the Lungs store Po (Corporeal Soul), the Liver stores Hun (Ethereal Soul), the Spleen stores Yi (Intellect) and Zhi (Will), and the Kidneys store Jing (Essence) and Zhi (Will). Thus, they are called the Five Zang Organs.
The Six Fu Organs: "Fu" means mansion or storage for transformation. The Gallbladder, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Sanjiao (Triple Burner), and Bladder receive turbid Qi from the Zang organs and are called the organs of transformation. Therefore, the Five Zang organs store essence without leaking, characterized by being "full but not solid." The Six Fu organs transmit and excrete without storing, characterized by being "solid but not full." For example, when food enters the mouth, the Stomach is full while the Intestines are empty; after digestion, the Intestines are full while the Stomach is empty. Hence, it is said that Fu organs are "solid but not full."

The Lungs weigh 3 jin 3 liang, have six lobes and two ears, hang down like a canopy, attach to the third thoracic vertebra, and contain twenty-four pores arranged in rows to distribute clear and turbid Qi among the Zang organs. They are known as the "Canopy of the Five Zang Organs."
The Heart weighs 12 liang, has seven apertures and three hairs, resembles an unopened lotus flower, lies below the Lungs and above the Diaphragm, and attaches to the fifth thoracic vertebra.
The Pericardium (Xin Bao Luo) is located above the transverse membrane and below the vertical membrane beneath the Heart. The part adhering to the transverse membrane and wrapped in yellow fat is the Heart itself. The fine fibrous membranes connecting externally to the Heart and Lungs constitute the Pericardium.
The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is the pathway for water and grain and the starting and ending point of Qi. The Upper Jiao is below the Heart and above the Stomach; its treatment area is Danzhong (CV17), the depression between the nipples. The Middle Jiao is at Zhongwan (CV12) in the Stomach, four cun above the umbilicus; its treatment area is beside the umbilicus. The Lower Jiao is at the upper margin of the Bladder; its treatment area is one cun below the umbilicus.
The Liver weighs 2 jin 4 liang, has three lobes on the left and four on the right. Its functional dominance is on the left, but its anatomical position is in the right hypochondrium, anterior to the right Kidney, adjacent to the Stomach, and attached to the ninth thoracic vertebra.
The Gallbladder is located between the short lobes of the Liver, weighs 3 liang 3 zhu, and contains 3 he of bile.
The Diaphragm aligns anteriorly with Jiutui (CV15) and posteriorly with the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It attaches circumferentially to the spine to isolate turbid Qi, preventing it from steaming upward to harm the Heart and Lungs.
The Spleen weighs 2 jin 3 liang, is 3 cun wide and 5 cun long, covers the Tai Cang (Stomach), and attaches to the eleventh thoracic vertebra.
The Stomach weighs 2 jin 1 liang, has a circumference of 1 chi 5 cun, a diameter of 5 cun, is tortuous and flexible, and is 2 chi 6 cun long.
The Small Intestine weighs 2 jin 14 liang, is 3 zhang 2 chi long, and loops back upon itself sixteen times on the left. Its upper opening is the lower opening of the Stomach, located 2 cun above the umbilicus. One cun below this is the Shuifen (CV9) acupoint, which is the lower opening of the Small Intestine. Here, clear and turbid substances are separated: fluid enters the Bladder, and waste enters the Large Intestine.
The Large Intestine weighs 2 jin 12 liang, is 2 zhang 1 chi long, 4 cun wide, and loops back upon itself sixteen times on the right, opposite the center of the umbilicus. Its upper opening is the lower opening of the Small Intestine... [Text continues with Kidney description due to original text anomaly].
The Kidneys are two in number, weighing 1 jin 1 liang each. They resemble stone eggs, are yellow-purple in color, lie on both sides below the Stomach, extend into the spinal muscles, and attach to the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, anterior to the Bladder.
The Bladder weighs 9 liang 2 zhu, is 9 cun wide, lies anterior to the Kidneys and lateral to the Large Intestine, at the upper margin of the Bladder (which corresponds to the lower opening of the Small Intestine), through which fluid passes.
There are twenty-one segments of the vertebral column. The method for locating acupoints uses the level of the shoulders as the Dazhui (GV14) acupoint, also known as Bailao (EX-B1).