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Mother. When Yin moves, Yang declines; when Yang declines, the Spleen becomes encumbered. Therefore, although the patient feels hungry, they have no desire to eat.) The face looks like lacquered firewood. (Water corresponds to black. When Yin pathogenic color appears on the face, it resembles lacquer. The Kidney stores Essence. When Essence is depleted, there is withering. Thus, it resembles firewood.) Coughing and spitting blood, accompanied by panting sounds and wheezing. (True Yin damage affects its mother organ.) Sitting but desiring to rise. (Yin deficiency prevents stillness.) Eyes appear dim and unclear, as if unable to see. (Whenever eyes are often dim and dark, it must be due to the depletion of True Water in the Kidney.) The heart feels suspended, resembling a state of hunger. (When Heart and Kidney do not interact, spirit and essence scatter. Thus, the heart feels suspended. Yin deficiency leads to internal emptiness, hence the sensation of hunger.) Insufficient Qi leads to frequent fear; the heart palpitates anxiously as if someone were about to capture them. (Kidney Qi is timid.) This is termed Bone Jue (Reversal Cold). (Jue cold manifests in the bones.) These are diseases governed by the Kidney: heat in the mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, upward rushing Qi, dry and painful throat, vexation in the heart, heart pain, jaundice, intestinal issues, pain along the posterior inner aspect of the spine and thigh, atrophy and coldness of the limbs, excessive drowsiness, and heat and pain under the feet. For these various conditions. (All are within the reach of the Foot Shaoyin Meridian.) If excess, drain it; if deficiency, tonify it; if heat, treat rapidly; if cold, retain the needle; if sinking, apply moxibustion; if neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian. (Meaning as previously stated.) With moxibustion, one should eat strongly and consume raw meat, loosen belts, let hair down, use a large staff, wear heavy shoes, and walk. (Strong flavors replenish Essence. Resting from labor and maintaining tranquility nourishes Qi. Other meridians do not mention this method, only the Kidney meridian does, because True Yin resides here, and Essence is the root of Original Qi.) In excess, the Cun Kou pulse is more than double the size of the Ying Chong pulse; in deficiency, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ying Chong pulse. (The fluctuation of pulse excess or deficiency is observed at Cun Kou.)

The Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin starts in the chest. (The Pericardium is what the Heart governs. The Heart belongs to Hand-Shaoyin, and additionally, there is Hand-Jueyin, which is the Pericardium Meridian.) It emerges and connects to the Pericardium. (This is the membrane network enveloping the Heart.) It descends through the diaphragm and successively connects with the Sanjiao. (The Pericardium serves as the external guard for the Heart master. Within the Sanjiao, specifically below Zhongwan and below the umbilicus at the Yinjiao acupoint, lies the Sanjiao membrane.) Its branch follows the chest, emerges from the hypochondrium, and descends three cun below the axilla. (Tianchi Acupoint) It ascends to reach the axilla. (Tianquan Acupoint.) It follows the interior of the arm, running between the Taiyin and Shaoyin meridians. (Among the three Yin meridians of the hand, Jueyin is in the middle.) It enters the elbow, descends the forearm, and runs between two tendons. (Entering Quze Acupoint. To Qimen, Jiashi, Neiguan, Tailing.) It enters the palm. (Laogong Acupoint.) It follows the middle finger to its tip. (Zhongchong Acupoint. The Hand-Jueyin Meridian ends here.) Its branch separates from the palm, follows the side of the ring finger to its tip. (This branch originates from Laogong, travels separately to the tip of the ring finger, and connects to the Hand-Shaoyang Meridian.) When disturbed, it causes heat in the palm, spasms and stiffness of the arm and elbow, swelling of the axilla, and in severe cases, fullness and distension in the chest and hypochondrium, and violent palpitations in the heart. (Because Hand-Jueyin emerges and connects to the Pericardium, follows the chest, and emerges from the hypochondrium. A restless and agitated appearance.) Red face and yellow eyes. (The Flower of the Heart manifests in the face; the eyes are the emissaries of the Heart, thus.) Unrestrained laughter. (The sound of the Heart is laughter.) These are diseases governed by the vessels. (The Heart Master governs the vessels.) Vexation in the heart, heart pain, and heat in the palms. For these various conditions. (The vessel originates in the chest and heart, entering the palm.) If excess, drain it; if deficiency, tonify it; if heat, treat rapidly; if cold, retain the needle; if sinking, apply moxibustion; if neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian. (Meaning as previously stated.) In excess, the Cun Kou pulse is one times larger than the Ying Chong pulse; in deficiency, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ying Chong pulse. (The fluctuation of pulse excess or deficiency is observed at Cun Kou.)

The Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang starts at the tip of the ring finger. (Guanzhong Acupoint.) It ascends out between the two fingers. (Specifically between the little and ring fingers, at Yesmen and Zhongzhu Acupoints.) It follows the back of the hand and wrist. (Yangchi) It emerges outside the forearm between two bones. (Waiguan, Zhigou, etc.) It passes up through the elbow. (Tianjing) It follows the exterior of the arm, ascends the shoulder, and crosses behind the Foot-Shaoyang. (Following the exterior of the arm, anterior to Hand-Taiyang, posterior to Hand-Yangming, passing Qinglengyuan, Xiaoluo, meeting at the shoulder, passing Jianbing of Foot-Shaoyang, emerging from Tian and crossing behind Foot-Shaoyang.) It enters the supraclavicular fossa, spreads in the Danzhong, disperses and connects to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, and follows and connects to the Sanjiao. (Its internal pathway enters the supraclavicular fossa, then exits via the exterior of Foot-Yangming, descends to spread in Danzhong, disperses and connects to the Pericardium, forming an exterior-interior relationship. From the Upper Jiao, it descends through the diaphragm, follows the Middle Jiao downward, joining the main channel of Foot-Taiyang, enters and connects to the Bladder to regulate the Lower Jiao. Thus, Weiyang Acupoint of the Foot-Taiyang Meridian serves as the lower auxiliary Shu point of the Sanjiao.) Its branch rises from Danzhong, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, ascends the neck, ties behind the ear, goes straight up out of the upper angle of the ear, then curves down to the cheek until . (Its external branch rises from Danzhong, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, follows Tian up the neck, meets Dazhui of the Du Meridian, follows Tianyou, ties behind the ear at Yifeng, Rourui, Lu Xin, emerges at Jiaosun, passes Xuanli and Hanyan of Foot-Shaoyang, descends along the ear and cheek to , meeting the portion of Hand-Taiyang at Quan.) Another branch enters the ear from behind the ear, exits before the ear, passes anterior to Keyuzhuren, crosses the cheek, and reaches the outer canthus. (This branch enters the ear from Yifeng behind the ear, passes Tinggong of Hand-Taiyang, exits before the ear at Ermen, passes Keyuzhuren of Foot-Shaoyang, crosses the cheek, follows He, ascends to Sizhukong, reaches the outer canthus, meets Tongziliao, and connects to the Foot-Shaoyang Meridian.) When disturbed, it causes deafness with a muffled sound (unclear appearance), swollen throat, and sore throat obstruction. (Because the Sanjiao meridian ascends the neck and ties behind the ear, it causes these conditions.) Sweating, pain in the outer canthus, cheek pain, pain behind the ear, shoulder, elbow, and outer arm, and inability to use the ring finger. For these various conditions. (Sanjiao emits Qi to warm muscles and fill skin, thus causing sweating.) If excess, drain it; if deficiency, tonify it; if heat, treat rapidly; if cold, retain the needle; if sinking, apply moxibustion; if neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian. (Meaning as previously stated.) In excess, the Ying Chong pulse is one times larger than the Cun Kou pulse; in deficiency, the Ying Chong pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (The fluctuation of pulse excess or deficiency is observed at Ying Chong.)

The Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang starts at the outer canthus, ascends to the head corner, and descends behind the ear. (From Tongziliao, via Tinghui and Keyuzhuren, ascending to the head corner, following Hanyan, descending Xuanlu and Xuanli, entering Qubin and Lvgu, passing Jiaosun of Hand-Shaoyang, turning outward and descending behind the ear, passing Tianchong, Fubai, Qiaoyin, Youwanggu, turning outward again, ascending along Benshen, reaching Yang, then turning inward and ascending, following Linqi, Mucuang, Zhengying, Chengling, Naokong, exiting Fengchi and descending.) It follows the neck, runs anterior to Hand-Shaoyang, reaches the shoulder, turns back to cross behind Hand-Shaoyang, and enters the supraclavicular fossa. (Fengchi of Mu follows the neck, passes Tianyou of Hand-Shaoyang, runs anterior to Shaoyang, descends to the shoulder, Jingjing, turns back to cross behind Hand-Shaoyang, passes Dazhui of the Du Meridian, meets Bingfeng of Hand-Taiyang, and enters anteriorly into the lateral supraclavicular fossa of Foot-Yangming.) Its branch enters the ear from behind the ear, exits before the ear, and reaches behind the outer canthus. (This branch passes Yifeng of Hand-Shaoyang in the temporal region behind the ear, enters the ear, passes Tinggong of Hand-Taiyang, exits before the ear, returns from Tinghui to behind the outer canthus, at the location of Tongziliao.) Another branch separates from the outer canthus, descends to Daying, merges with Hand-Shaoyang, and reaches (This branch separates from the lateral outer canthus, Tongziliao, below the lateral position of Foot-Yangming's Daying, and descends via Sizhuhao of Hand-Shaoyang to ). It descends further to Jiache, goes down the neck, and merges with the supraclavicular fossa. (The part descending to Foot-Yangming merges at Xiaguan, then from Jiache descends the neck, following the anterior aspect of this meridian, merging with the part that previously entered the supraclavicular fossa.) It descends into the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects to the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, follows the hypochondrium, emerges at Qichuan, surrounds the pubic region, and horizontally enters the hip joint. (Its internal pathway descends from the supraclavicular fossa into the chest, corresponding to the division of Hand-Jueyin Tiandi, pierces the diaphragm, at the division of Foot-Jueyin Qimen, connects to the Liver, at the division of this meridian Riyue, belongs to the Gallbladder, forming an exterior-interior relationship. It then follows the hypochondrium, descends via Zhangmen of Foot-Jueyin, emerges at Qichuan of Foot-Yangming, surrounds the pubic region, merges with Foot-Jueyin, and horizontally enters the Huantiao Acupoint in the hip joint.) Its straight course descends from the supraclavicular fossa, passes under the axilla, follows the chest, passes the costal margin, and descends to merge with the hip joint. (Its straight course descending externally descends from the supraclavicular fossa, passes under the axilla, follows the chest, passing Yuanye, Zhejin, Riyue, passes the costal margin, follows Jingmen and Daipai, etc., descending, entering the upper, middle, and lower parts of Foot-Taiyang at Ju, descending, and merging with the part that previously entered the hip joint.) It then follows the lateral thigh, emerges at the lateral edge of the knee, and descends anterior to the lateral fibular bone. (From the lateral side of the thigh, running between Taiyang and Yangming, passing Zhongdu and Yangguan, emerging at the lateral edge of the knee, from Yanglingquan downwards, Yangjiao, etc.) It goes straight down to the end of the Jiegu. (Yangfu Acupoint.) It descends out anterior to the lateral malleolus. (Descending Xuanzhong) It follows the dorsum of the foot, enters between the fourth and fifth toes. (Passing Qiuxu, Linqi, etc., entering between the fourth and fifth toes to reach Qiaoyin Acupoint.) Its branch separates from the dorsum of the foot, enters between the big toe, follows the bifurcation of the big toe internally, emerges at its tip, returns to penetrate the nail bed, and emerges at the trichoma. (This branch separates from the dorsum of the foot, enters the big toe, follows the bifurcation internally, emerges at the tip of the big toe, returns to penetrate the nail bed, emerges at the trichoma, and connects to the Foot-Jueyin Meridian.) When disturbed, it causes bitter taste, frequent sighing, pain in the heart and hypochondrium, and inability to turn sideways. (The collateral of Foot-Shaoyang penetrates the heart and follows the hypochondrium.) In severe cases, the face has a slight dusty appearance, and the body lacks luster. (When Gallbladder Wood is diseased, Dryness Metal overcomes it, thus the face has a slight dusty appearance and the body lacks luster.) Heat on the lateral side of the foot, this is Yang Jue. (Wood disease follows Fire, thus Yang Jue.) These are diseases governed by the bones. (When Gallbladder disease occurs, it loses its rigidity, thus affecting the bones.) Headache and jaw pain, pain in the outer canthus, swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa, axillary swelling, Scrofula (Madao refers to scrofula; Xiaying refers to tumors along the neck.) Sweating, chills, and malaria. (Shaoyang is in the middle of the Three Yang, half-exterior and half-interior. Thus, Yang excess causes sweating, Wind excess causes chills, leading to malaria.) Pain in the chest, hypochondrium, ribs, thigh, lateral knee to calf, Jiegu, anterior to lateral malleolus, and all joints, and inability to use the fourth and fifth toes. For these various conditions. (All are within the reach of the Foot-Shaoyang Meridian.) If excess, drain it; if deficiency, tonify it; if heat, treat rapidly; if cold, retain the needle; if sinking, apply moxibustion; if neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian (Meaning as previously stated). In excess, the Ying Chong pulse is one times larger than the Cun Kou pulse; in deficiency, the Ying Chong pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (The fluctuation of pulse excess or deficiency is observed at Ying Chong.)

The Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin starts at the cluster of hairs on the big toe. (Dadun Acupoint) It ascends along the medial aspect of the dorsum of the foot. (Xingjian, Taichong.) One cun away from the medial malleolus. (Zhongfeng) Eight cun above the ankle, crossing posterior to Taiyin, ascending the medial aspect of the leg. (Above the ankle, passing Taiyin, Sanyinjiao, Ligou, Zhongdu, Fuxi, one cun above, crossing posterior to Taiyin, ascending the medial aspect of the leg to Xiguan and Ququan.) It follows the medial thigh, enters the pubic region, passes the genitalia. (Following Yinbao, Wuli, Yinlian of the medial thigh, meeting Chongmen and Fushhe of Taiyin, entering the pubic hair region at Jimai, intersecting left and right, surrounding the genitalia, and meeting Qugu of the Ren Meridian.) It reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach, belongs to the Liver, and connects to the Gallbladder. (Ascending from the genitalia into the lower abdomen, meeting Zhongji and Guanyuan of the Ren Meridian, following Zhangmen to Qimen, flanking the Stomach, belonging to the Liver, descending to Riyue of Foot-Shaoyang, connecting to the Gallbladder.) It follows the posterior aspect of the throat, ascends into the nasopharynx, connects to the eye system, ascends out of the forehead, and meets the Du Meridian at the vertex. (Its internal ascending pathway starts from the intercostal space, outside Renying of Foot-Yangming, follows the posterior aspect of the throat, enters the nasopharynx, runs outside Daying, Dicang, Sibai of Foot-Yangming, internally connects to the eye system, ascends outside Yangbai of Foot-Shaoyang, inside Linqi, and meets the Du Meridian at Baihui of the vertex.) Its branch descends from the eye system to the cheek interior, circling the inside of the lips. (This branch descends from the eye system, outside the Ren Meridian, inside this meridian, to the cheek interior, intersecting and circling inside the lips.) Another branch separates from the Liver, pierces the diaphragm, and ascends to pour into the Lung. (Another branch originates from Qimen, belonging to the Liver, outside Shidou of Taiyin, inside this meridian, separates and pierces the diaphragm, ascends to pour into the Lung, descends to the Middle Jiao, flanks Zhongwan, and reconnects to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, completing the cycle of the twelve meridians, ending and starting anew.) When disturbed, it causes lower back pain preventing bending and stretching. (The branch of Foot-Jueyin, together with Taiyin and Shaoyang meridians, knots at the lower waist and hip, thus causing lower back pain.) Hernia in men, and lower abdominal swelling in women. (When Qi of Foot-Jueyin rebels, it causes testicular swelling and sudden hernia; lower abdominal swelling in women is also a type of hernia disease.) In severe cases, dry throat, dusty face, and loss of complexion. These are diseases governed by the Liver: chest fullness, vomiting and reflux, undigested food diarrhea, fox hernia, enuresis, and urinary retention. (The ascending pathway of Foot-Jueyin flanks the Stomach and pierces the diaphragm; the descending pathway passes the genitalia and reaches the lower abdomen.) For these various conditions. If excess, drain it; if deficiency, tonify it; if heat, treat rapidly; if cold, retain the needle; if sinking, apply moxibustion; if neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian. (Meaning as previously stated). In excess, the Cun Kou pulse is one times larger than the Ying Chong pulse; in deficiency, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ying Chong pulse. (The fluctuation of pulse excess or deficiency is observed at Cun Kou.)

All collateral vessels cannot pass through major joints; they must travel through obstructed paths, enter and exit, and recombine in the skin, where their intersections are visible externally. (Meridians run hidden within muscle divisions, necessarily passing through valleys and major joints. Collaterals travel through obstructed paths, entering and exiting to connect. However, collaterals vary in size. Major collaterals are like tree trunks, having entry and exit points. The twelve major collaterals generate 180 tie-collaterals; tie-collaterals generate 180 entangled collaterals; entangled collaterals generate 34,000 sun-collaterals. Sun-collaterals are like tree branches, scattered in the skin and flesh, thus their intersections are visible externally.) Therefore, when needling collateral vessels, one must needle at the site of nodules. If there is significant blood stasis, even without nodules, needle urgently to drain the pathogen and release the blood; otherwise, it will remain and develop into Bi syndrome. (Blood gathers here, and the nodule is significantly thicker than usual, which is the common needling site. If blood stasis is severe, even without nodules, needle urgently to remove pathogenic blood; otherwise, it will develop into Bi pain.) Generally, diagnosing collateral vessels: if the pulse color is blue, there is cold and pain; if red, there is heat. If the Stomach has cold, the collaterals on the fish of the hand are mostly blue; if the Stomach has heat, the Yuji collateral is red. If suddenly black, it indicates long-standing Bi. If mixed red, black, and blue, it indicates alternating cold and heat. If blue and short, it indicates Qi deficiency. (Observing the color of collaterals in each meridian to diagnose illness makes Yuji particularly easy to see.) When treating cold-heat disorders, there are many blood collaterals involved. Needle every other day until the blood is exhausted, then stop, and adjust deficiency and excess. (This states that when pathogenic qi lodges in the skin and hair, not yet entering the meridians, causing cold-heat, the disease is in the blood collaterals. Needle until blood is exhausted, meaning pathogens are exhausted, then stop needling, and subsequently adjust deficiency and excess based on the condition.) If small and short, indicating severe Qi deficiency, draining will cause fainting. (Severe deficiency drained will inevitably lead to fainting.) Severe fainting leads to collapse and inability to speak. (Collapse and sudden depletion, unable to speak.) If fainting occurs, sit them up urgently. (Must support and keep them sitting quietly at the first sign of fainting to allow Qi to recover; if lying down, Qi stagnates, risking non-rescue.)

The collateral of Hand-Taiyin is named Lieque. It starts between the wrist bones, runs parallel to the Taiyin meridian, enters the palm directly, and disperses into the fish of the hand. When excess, there is heat in the radial side of the hand and palm; when deficiency, there is yawning and frequent urination. Needle 1.5 cun from the wrist, diverging to connect with Yangming.

The collateral of Hand-Shaoyin is named Tongli. One cun from the wrist, it diverges and ascends, follows the meridian into the heart, ties to the root of the tongue, and connects to the eye system. When excess, there is chest oppression; when deficiency, inability to speak. Needle one cun behind the palm, diverging to connect with Taiyang.

The collateral of Hand-Center-Master (Pericardium) is named Neiguan. Two cun from the wrist, emerging between two tendons, it follows the meridian upward, tying to the Pericardium and connecting to the Heart system. When excess, [text missing/corrupted]; when deficiency, there is head stiffness. Needle both. The collateral of Hand-Taiyang is named Zhizheng. Five cun above the wrist, it internally notes Shaoyin. Its branch ascends to the elbow and connects to the shoulder. When excess, joint flaccidity and elbow dysfunction; when deficiency, warts grow, small ones like scabs or sores on fingers. Needle at the divergence point. (Like scabs or sores between fingers.)

The collateral of Hand-Yangming is named Pianli. Three cun from the wrist, it diverges and enters Taiyin. Its branch ascends along the arm, mounts the shoulder, ascends to the curved jaw, and deviates to the teeth. Its branch enters the ear, merging with the ancestral vessels. When excess, toothache and deafness; when deficiency, cold teeth and Bi obstruction. Needle at the divergence point.

The collateral of Hand-Shaoyang is named Waiguan. Two cun from the wrist, it winds around the arm externally, pours into the chest, and merges with the Heart Master. When excess, elbow contraction; when deficiency, inability to flex. Needle at the divergence point.

The collateral of Foot-Taiyang is named Feiyang. Seven cun from the ankle, it diverges to connect with Shaoyin. When excess, nasal congestion, headache, and back pain; when deficiency, nasal bleeding. Needle at the divergence point.

The alternate name for the collateral of Foot-Shaoyang is Guangming. Five cun from the ankle, it diverges to connect with Jueyin, descending to connect to the dorsum of the foot. When excess, Jue (cold extremities); when deficiency, atrophy and inability to rise from sitting.

The collateral of Foot-Yangming is named Fenglong. Eight cun from the ankle, it diverges to connect with Taiyin. Its branch follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, ascends to connect to the head and neck, merging the Qi of all meridians, and descends to connect to the throat. When Qi rebels, there is sore throat and hoarseness; when excess, mania and epilepsy; when deficiency, inability to move the foot and withered shins. Needle at the divergence point.

The collateral of Foot-Taiyin is named Gongsun. One cun behind the base of the big toe, it diverges to connect with Yangming. Its branch enters and connects to the intestines and stomach. When rebellious Qi ascends, there is cholera; when excess, cutting pain in the intestines; when deficiency, abdominal distension. Needle at the divergence point.

The alternate name for the collateral of Foot-Shaoyin is Dazhong. Behind the ankle, winding around the heel, it diverges to connect with Taiyang. Its branch follows the meridian upward to the Pericardium, descending externally to pierce the waist and spine. When rebellious Qi ascends, there is vexation and stuffiness; when excess, urinary retention; when deficiency, lower back pain. Needle at the divergence point.

The collateral of Foot-Jueyin is named Ligou. Five cun from the medial malleolus, it diverges to connect with Shaoyang. Its branch follows the penis upward to the testicles, knotting at the penis. When rebellious Qi ascends, testicular swelling and sudden hernia; when excess, priapism; when deficiency, sudden itching. Needle at the divergence point.

The collateral of the Ren Meridian is named Wei Yi. Descending from Jiwei, it disperses in the abdomen. When excess, pain in the abdominal skin; when deficiency, itching. Needle it. (Wei Yi is incorrect. The collateral of the Ren Meridian is named Pingyi, which is the Huiyin Acupoint, the origin of the Ren, Du, and Chong meridians, descending from Jiwei and dispersing in the abdomen.)

The collateral of the Du Meridian is named Changqiang. Flanking the spinal muscles, it ascends the neck, disperses on the head, and descends opposite the shoulder blades, diverging left and right to connect with Taiyang, penetrating the spinal muscles. When excess, stiff spine; when deficiency, heavy head and swaying high. Needle the pathogenic sites flanking the spine.

The great collateral of the Spleen is named Dabao. Emerging three cun below Yuan Ye, it spreads over the chest and hypochondrium. When excess, pain throughout the body; when deficiency, laxity of all joints. This meridian, like a net of blood vessels, should all be treated by taking the great collateral of the Spleen.

Of these fifteen collaterals, when in excess, they are definitely visible; when in deficiency, they are definitely depressed. If not seen visually, seek them above and below. Human meridians differ, and collateral vessels diverge from different locations.

When collaterals are full and meridians deficient, moxa Yin and needle Yang. When meridians are full and collaterals deficient, needle Yin and moxa Yang. (Collaterals govern Yang, meridians govern Yin. Moxibustion is tonification, needling is drainage. Detailed in Suwen Tongping)