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(There are fifty-seven acupoints for water disorders and fifty-nine for heat disorders, as detailed in this chapter.)

Why can the Kidney accumulate fluid and cause disease? The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach. If the function of this gate is impaired, fluid will accumulate and gather according to its kind (water). (The Stomach receives water and grain; the Kidney governs the anterior orifice for urination and the posterior orifice for defecation; this constitutes the "gate." If the gate closes improperly, fluid accumulates in the Lower Jiao; since the Kidney belongs to Water, fluid Qi follows it.) Fluid overflows up and down into the skin, thus causing edema. Edema is a disease caused by the accumulation of fluid. (The Spleen governs the muscles; cold water insults it, causing fluid to accumulate in the muscle and skin layers resulting in swelling.) The Kidney is a Yin organ (Pin Zang). When Earth Qi rises, it belongs to the Kidney and generates fluid, hence it is called the "Supreme Yin" organ. (Pin means Yin.) If one exerts oneself vigorously and works excessively hard, Kidney sweat will occur. When Kidney sweat occurs and encounters wind pathogen, it cannot enter the Zang-Fu organs internally nor diffuse out through the skin externally. It lodges in the Xuan Fu (sweat pores), moves within the subcutaneous tissue, and transmits to become edema. Rooted in the Kidney, it is named Feng Shui (Wind Edema). (This arises from both water and wind pathogens.) What is meant by Xuan Fu is the sweat pore. ("Kong" is synonymous with "Kou".) There are fifty-seven acupoints of the Kidney, which are the gathering place of Yin Qi and the pathway for the entry and exit of water. Above the sacrum, there are five rows, each containing five acupoints; these belong to the Kidney. (The points issued by the Du Mai include: Changqiang [GV1], Yaoshu [BL23], Mingmen [GV4], Xianshu [GV5], Jizhong [GV9]. Next, on the lateral sides, the first row of Bladder Meridian points includes: Baihuan Shu [BL30], Zhong Zhu Shu [BL27], Pang Guang Shu [BL28], Xiao Chang Shu [BL27], Da Chang Shu [BL25]. Further laterally, the second row includes: Zhi Bian [BL54], Bao Huang [BL53], Zhi Shi [BL52], Huang Men [BL51], Wei Cang [BL50]. These twenty-five points are all in the Lower Jiao and govern water, so they are all referred to as Kidney Shu points.) Therefore, in water diseases, the lower body presents with edema and abdominal distension, while the upper body presents with panting, calling out, and inability to lie flat; this indicates that both the root and branch are diseased. Thus, the Lung manifests as panting and calling out, the Kidney manifests as edema, and the Lung manifests as rebellious Qi preventing lying flat. The Lung and Kidney transmit Qi to each other via meridians and jointly suffer from the retention of water Qi. (Water disease leads to Qi deficiency; Qi disease leads to Water deficiency.) Above the Futu area, there are two rows on each side, each with five points; these are the streets of Kidney Qi. (Points where Shaoyin Meridian Qi issues: Henggu [KI11], Da He [KI12], Qi Xue [KI13], Si Man [KI14], Zhong Zhu [KI15]; points where Yangming Meridian Qi issues: Qi Jie [ST30], Guilai [ST29], Shui Dao [ST28], Da Ju [ST37], Wai Ling [ST26]. Left and right total twenty points. "Jie" refers to the pathway of passage.) This is where the three Yin meridians intersect at the foot. (The Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian has the San Yin Jiao point [SP6].) Above each ankle, there is one row with six points; this is the downward path of the Kidney Meridian, named Taichong. (The row above the ankle refers exclusively to the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, with six points per row: Dazhong [KI4], Zhaohai [KI6], Fuliou [KI7], Jiaoxin [KI8], Zubin [KI9], Yinggu [KI10], totaling twelve points bilaterally. This is the great collateral of the Kidney, descending with the Chong Mai to the foot, where it is abundant, hence called Taichong.) In total, these fifty-seven points are all the Yin collaterals of the Zang organs. (Branch collaterals of the Kidney Meridian) where water resides.

In Spring, Wood Qi begins to govern, and Liver Qi begins to generate. Liver Qi becomes urgent, and wind Qi moves swiftly. The meridians are deep, and the healthy Qi is insufficient to penetrate deeply; therefore, one selects points between the collaterals and the muscle spaces. In Summer, Fire Qi begins to govern, and Heart Qi begins to generate. The vessels are thin, Qi is weak, Yang Qi flows and overflows, heat steams the fen li (interstices) and enters the meridians; therefore, one selects the Sheng Jing (Exuberant Meridians, i.e., Yang Meridians) at the fen li, piercing the skin to expel the pathogen, because the pathogen resides superficially. What is called Sheng Jing refers to the Yang Meridians. In Autumn, Metal Qi begins to govern, and Lung Qi begins to collect and kill. Metal Qi will overcome Fire Qi. Yang Qi is at the He-Sea points, and Yin Qi prevails. Dampness affects the body. Yin Qi is not yet vigorous and cannot penetrate deeply; therefore, one selects Shu points to drain Yin pathogens and He-Sea points to empty Yang pathogens. Since Yang Qi begins to decline, one selects He-Sea points. In Winter, Water Qi begins to govern, and Kidney Qi closes. Yang Qi declines, Yin Qi becomes firm and vigorous, the Great Yang (Taiyang) Qi sinks and lies hidden, and Yang meridians depart; therefore, one selects Jing-Well points to descend rebellious Yin Qi and Ying-Spring points to tonify Yang Qi. Hence it is said: "In Winter, select Jing-Well and Ying-Spring points; in Spring, there will be no epistaxis or nasal congestion." This is what is meant.

Regarding the fifty-nine acupoints for treating heat disorders: Five rows on the head, each with five points, are used to disperse the rebellious heat of all Yang meridians. (The central row of the Du Mai includes: Shangxing [GV23], Xinhui [GV22], Qian Ding [GV21], Baihui [GV20], Houding [GV24]. The next lateral row of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian includes: Wuchu [BL7], Chengguang [BL7], Tongtian [BL7], Daluo [BL7], Queyuzhen [BL9]. The next lateral row of the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian includes: Linqi [GB15], Mucuang [GB16], Zhengying [GB17], Chengling [GB18], Naokong [GB19]. Total twenty-five points across five rows, used to scatter rebellious heat rising upward.) Dazhu (Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian), Ying Shu (Zhongfu [LU1] of Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian), Quepen (Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian), Bei Shu (Fengmen [BL12] of Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, also known as Re Fu). These eight points are used to drain heat in the chest. Qi Jie, Zusanli, Shangjuxu, Xiajuxu (all Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian). These eight points are used to drain heat in the Stomach. Yunmen (Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian), Jianyu (i.e., Jian Liao/Yu), Weizhong (Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian), Suikong (Yaoshu [BL23] of Du Mai). These eight points are used to drain heat in the four limbs. (Note: Only seven points are listed here.) Wu Shu Bang Wu (Pohu [BL42], Shentang [BL44], Hunmen [BL47, Yishhe is likely a typo for Yishe BL48 or similar, but text says Yi She/Zhi Shi - actually standard list is Pohu, Shentang, Hunmen, Yishe, Zhishi), Zhishi [BL52]). These ten points are used to drain heat from the five Zang organs. All these fifty-nine points (should be fifty-eight) are located around heat pathogens. When humans are injured by cold and transmit it into heat, it is because extreme cold generates heat. (When cold is excessive on the exterior, the Yang Qi on the exterior cannot be disseminated and diffused, thus generating heat.) Additionally, the fifty-nine points for treating heat disorders are also found in the *Ling Shu: Heat Disease* chapter.