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The Luo-Connecting vessels of the Hand Taiyin, Foot Taiyin, Hand Shaoyin, Foot Shaoyin, Hand Jueyin, Foot Jueyin, Hand Taiyang, Foot Taiyang, Hand Shaoyang, Foot Shaoyang, Hand Yangming, Foot Yangming, Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), Du Mai (Governing Vessel), and the Great Luo of the Spleen are collectively known as the Fifteen Luo-Connecting Vessels. They branch off from their respective meridians and diverge to connect with other meridians. (From *Zhenjiu Rumeng*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian is named Lieque (LI 7). It originates at the bifurcation above the wrist, one and a half cun distal to the wrist crease, diverges to the Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, runs parallel with the Taiyin Lung Meridian, enters directly into the palm, and scatters in the Thenar Eminence (Yuji area). Its pathological manifestations include: excess patterns presenting with heat in the radial styloid process and palm; deficiency patterns presenting with yawning and frequent urination or urinary incontinence. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian is named Gongsun (SP 4). It is located one cun posterior to the base of the first metatarsal bone, diverging to the Yangming Stomach Meridian. Its branch enters and connects with the intestines and stomach. If rebellious Qi ascends, Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) occurs. Excess patterns present with severe cutting pain in the intestines; deficiency patterns present with abdominal distension like a drum. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian is named Tongli (HT 5). It is located one and a half cun distal to the wrist, diverging to the Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. It follows the meridian into the heart, connects with the root of the tongue, and belongs to the visual system. Excess patterns present with fullness and supportiveness in the chest and diaphragm; deficiency patterns present with inability to speak. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian is named Dazhong (KI 4). It is located posterior to the malleolus, wrapping around the heel, and diverging to the Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Its branch follows the meridian upward to the Pericardium, and downward pierces through the waist and spine. Its pathological manifestations include: rebellious Qi causing irritability and oppression; excess patterns presenting with urinary retention; deficiency patterns presenting with lower back pain. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is named Neiguan (PC 6). It is located two cun distal to the wrist, diverging to the Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian, emerging between the two tendons, following the meridian upward to connect with the Pericardium and link with the Heart system. Excess patterns present with heart pain; deficiency patterns present with stiffness of the head and neck. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian is named Ligou (LR 5). It is located five cun above the medial malleolus, diverging to the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Its branch follows the tibia upward to the testis and knots at the penis. Its pathological manifestations include: rebellious Qi causing swelling of the testis and sudden hernia; excess patterns presenting with priapism; deficiency patterns presenting with sudden pruritus. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian is named Zhizheng (SI 7). It is located five cun distal to the wrist, diverging to the Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Its branch ascends to the elbow, connecting with the shoulder. Excess patterns present with flaccidity of the joints and loss of elbow function; deficiency patterns present with the formation of warts. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian is named Feiyang (BL 58). It is located seven cun above the lateral malleolus, diverging to the Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Excess patterns present with nasal obstruction, headache, and back pain; deficiency patterns present with rhinorrhea or epistaxis. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian is named Waiguan (TE 5). It is located two cun distal to the wrist, diverging outward to the Heart Master (Pericardium), winding around the arm and pouring into the chest. Excess patterns present with spasm of the elbow; deficiency patterns present with the inability to hold objects. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is named Guangming (GB 37). It is located five cun above the lateral malleolus, diverging to the Jueyin Liver Meridian, and descending to connect with the dorsum of the foot. Excess patterns present with Jue (cold extremities); deficiency patterns present with Wei (atrophy/flaccidity), making it difficult to sit up. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian is named Pianli (LI 6). It is located three cun distal to the wrist, diverging to the Taiyin Lung Meridian. Its branch ascends along the arm, wraps around the shoulder, reaches the angle of the jaw, and deviates to the teeth. Another branch enters the ear and converges with the Zong Mai (Grand Confluence Vessels). Excess patterns present with dental caries and deafness; deficiency patterns present with cold teeth and bi-syndrome with obstruction. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian is named Fenglong (ST 40). It is located eight cun above the lateral malleolus, diverging to the Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Its branch follows the lateral aspect of the tibia upward, connects with the vertex, converges with the Qi of all meridians, and descends to connect with the throat. Its pathological manifestations include: rebellious Qi causing throat obstruction and sudden aphonia; excess patterns presenting with mania and epilepsy; deficiency patterns presenting with inability to control the feet and emaciation of the shins. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) is named Huiyin (CV 23/HUANYIN). It is located between the external genitalia and anus, extending downward to Jiutui (CV 15), and scattering in the abdomen. Excess patterns present with pain in the abdominal skin; deficiency patterns present with pruritus. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) is named Changqiang (GV 1). It is located at the end of the spine, flanking the paravertebral muscles, ascending to the nape, and scattering over the head above and below. It lies opposite the scapulae on the left and right, diverging to the Taiyang Bladder Meridian, entering and piercing through the paravertebral muscles. Excess patterns present with rigidity of the spine; deficiency patterns present with heaviness of the head. Treatment should target the point where this vessel diverges. (From *Ling Shu*)

The Great Luo of the Spleen is named Dabao (SP 21). It is located three cun below the Yuanye acupoint (AX-9), distributing across the chest and hypochondrium. Excess patterns present with pain throughout the body; deficiency patterns present with flaccidity of the lower joints. This vessel, resembling a net-like network of blood vessels, should all be treated by selecting the Great Luo of the Spleen. (From *Ling Shu*)