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From 1951 to 1970, the average wind speed was 2 meters per second; in 1959, the average wind speed was 2.3 meters per second, marking the year with the highest wind speed. Reflecting on the human body, this year saw severe pathogenic invasion of Liver Wood (Liver Wood). Looking at the vertical distribution, the Three Yin (San Yin) were above and the Three Yang (San Yang) below, presenting a state of deficiency above and excess below. The transformational Qi of Earth (Spleen Earth) lost its command, causing grains to flower but not bear fruit. Excessive Wood generated Wind to overcome Earth. The disaster palace was Five (Central), with a wide area of disease occurrence. Human symptoms included abdominal distension and fullness, and a sensation of blockage. This was due to the insufficiency of Earth transport leading to the transformation of Wood Qi. In the second half of the year, the Qi of Jueyin Wind Wood gradually declined, while the Shaoyang Ministerial Fire (Shaoyang Xiang Huo) in the Spring (Zai Quan) became prosperous. Fire generating Earth meant that the Central Transport Spleen Earth received assistance. The struggle between Damp-Heat led to jaundice among the people. Due to the decline of Wood and the recovery of Metal Qi, many suffered from hepatitis with jaundice during summer and autumn. The predictions of the Wuyun Liuqi (Five Movements and Six Qi) theory matched the actual situation in Hangzhou.

In 1961, the Si Tian (Si Tian) Qi was Taiyin Damp Earth, and the Zai Quan (Zai Quan) Qi was Taiyang Cold Water. The Central Transport was Shao Yu (Water transport insufficiency), known as the "Jinliu Zhi Ji" (Era of Dried Streams). The Si Tian overcoming the Central Transport also constituted a "Tianxing" (Heavenly Punishment) year, with adverse climate conditions. The Central Transport Xin and the Zai Quan both belonged to Water, forming a "Tongsu Hui" (Same Year Meeting). With Luck and Qi approaching, Cold-Dampness was heavy. The average humidity for that year was 18.1 millibars, the highest among 1951–1970, and the annual rainfall reached 1451.4 mm, one of the higher amounts in over 20 years. *Suwen: Qijiao Bian Da Lun* states: "The people suffer from abdominal fullness, heaviness of the body, and loose stools; cold sores discharge fluid; pain erupts in the waist and thighs; the popliteal fossa, calves, thighs, and knees become inconvenient; there is vexation, foot weakness, cold reversal, pain under the feet, and in severe cases, edema of the dorsum pedis. The Qi of the zang organs fails to reach its proper state, and Kidney Qi becomes unbalanced. Above, it corresponds to Chenxing (Mercury); the corresponding grain is Ju (black millet). When Taiyin descends, great cold occurs frequently, hibernating insects hide early, the ground accumulates hard ice, sunlight cannot penetrate, and the people suffer from cold diseases below, which may lead to abdominal fullness and edema." The ancients accurately recorded the corresponding changes among Heaven, Earth, and Humanity. This aligns with the edema cases seen in Hangzhou in 1961, characterized by limb fatigue, abdominal distension and blockage, reluctance to speak, drowsiness, fear of cold, and edema, indicating Cold-Dampness obstructing and Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency. In a "Suihui" (Year Meeting) year, "diseases develop slowly and late." Thus, many patients did not recover until the early summer of the following year.

Around New Year's Day 1987, an epidemic of Hepatitis A broke out in Shanghai, Ningbo, and Hangzhou, linked to the consumption of razor clams. In 1987, the Central Transport was Earth Insufficiency, Yangming Dry Metal was Si Tian, and Shaoyin Sovereign Fire was Zai Quan. The Winning Qi and Recovering Qi were both Heat, with the disaster palace at Three (East). *Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Da Lun* states: "The people suffer from cough and throat obstruction, sudden onset of chills and fever, tremors, strangury, or constipation. The Cool Qi appears first and is vigorous, causing hair-bearing animals (mammals) to die; the Hot Qi follows violently, causing shell-bearing animals (mollusks/crustaceans) to suffer." In that year, "During the Fifth Qi, the Spring command acted in reverse, grasses flourished, and the people were peaceful. During the Final Qi, Yang Qi spread, and the climate turned warm." For 1988, with Taiyang Cold Water as Si Tian, "the Qi transformation operates prior to the natural order (early); the Heavenly Qi is solemn, and the Earthly Qi is tranquil." "During the First Qi, the Earthly Qi migrates, the climate becomes very warm, and grasses bloom early. The people suffer from epidemics, warm diseases occur, with fever, headache, and vomiting." The Wuyun Liuqi theory predicted that from Minor Snow 1987 to Spring Equinox 1988, the coastal areas along the Yangtze River would experience warm climates, leading to disasters for shellfish like razor clams and snails, causing warm diseases and epidemics among the people. The actual Hepatitis A epidemic closely matched these predictions. Based on the Six Qi governing the time, I used bitter-cold herbs such as Dahqingye (Isatis Leaf), Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit), and Danqin (Scutellaria Root) to prevent and treat Hepatitis A, with satisfactory results.

Luck and Qi Approach

Based on the approach of Luck and Qi and their association with Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, years are classified as Tianfu (Heavenly符), Suihui (Year Meeting), and Taiyi Tianfu (Great One Heavenly符). In Tianfu and Suihui years, the Central Transport harmonizes with the Si Tian and Zai Quan Qi, resulting in uniform climate. One must be cautious of "arriving too excessively," which can cause disaster. *Suwen: Liuweizhi Da Lun* states: "Tianfu acts as the executor, Suihui as the messenger, and Taiyi Tianfu as the noble person." The Yellow Emperor asked: "How does the pathogen affect the person?" Qibo answered: "Those struck by the executor suffer rapid and critical illness; those struck by the messenger suffer slow and delayed illness; those struck by the noble person suffer sudden death." Looking at the only two Taiyi Tianfu years between 1950 and 1980:

In 1978, the Luck harmonized into Fire. The Main and Guest Qi of the Third Qi were Shaoyang Ministerial Fire and Shaoyin Sovereign Fire. Summer Fire pathogen was extremely strong, and the climate was uniform without being overcome. Taking Hangzhou as an example: the maximum temperature reached 42.1°C, unprecedented in history. Many died from the heatstroke. In July alone, there were 539 cremations, double that of other months, unseen since liberation.

In 1979, the Luck harmonized into Earth. The Main and Guest Qi of the Sixth Qi were both Taiyang Cold Water. The climate was cold and congealed, with Yin excess above and below. The number of deaths and cremations in winter was more than one-quarter higher than in other quarters. "Taiyi Tianfu is the noble person; 'their illness is sudden and they die.'" This is corroborated by facts.

The characteristics of disease combined with Wuyun Liuqi are determined by the prosperity and decline of the approaching Luck, summarized in five situations:

1. Si Tian Qi generates Central Transport: Upper generating Lower is called Shunhua (Smooth Transformation), belonging to normalcy. For example, if Si Tian is Wood and Central Transport is Fire, Wood and Fire share virtue, indicating auspiciousness.

2. Si Tian and Central Transport have the same Qi: Both Upper and Lower are Tianfu, also indicating auspiciousness.

3. Central Transport generates Si Tian: Lower generating Upper is Xiaoni (Minor Reversal). Although abnormal, the harm is not great, hence called Minor Reversal.

4. Central Transport overcomes Si Tian from above: Lower offending Upper is Buhe (Disorder). It is abnormal and causes significant harm.

5. Si Tian overcomes Central Transport from above: Upper overcoming Lower is Tianxing (Heavenly Punishment). It is abnormal, the Qi is evil, and the harm is severe.

From 1957 to 1979, specifically 1957–1961, were Tianxing years. According to available data: The average annual death toll in Hangzhou from 1957 to 1961 was 7,612.4, whereas non-Tianxing years averaged 5,495.6. The death toll in Tianxing years was 39% higher than in non-Tianxing years. Regarding disease incidence: Hepatitis in 1959 and edema in 1961 occurred in Tianxing years. The incidence rates of Japanese Encephalitis B and dysentery were also significantly higher in Tianxing years compared to others. Observing climate changes, 1957–1961 saw abnormal weather, severe natural disasters, and poor harvests. Historically, 1897–1901 was also a Tianxing year, when the Yellow River breached its banks annually in Shandong, bringing flood disasters compounded by insect plagues and droughts. Two jiazi cycles earlier, 1837–1841, also saw severe natural disasters nationwide. Comparing the disease and climate conditions of these Tianxing years with the statement "the Qi is evil, and the harm is severe" is not an exaggeration.

Some Reflections

Traditional Chinese Medicine etiology attaches great importance to the pathogenic factors of the Six Evils (Liu Yin) caused by climate "excess and insufficiency." Objectively, the occurrence of natural disasters often accompanies the outbreak and spread of certain infectious and epidemic diseases. Whatever is victorious must be controlled; whatever is generated must be assisted. The generation, restriction, and transformation of Wuyun Liuqi cause the occurrence and spread of some epidemics while suppressing others. The human body also naturally heals seasonal diseases through the recovery of the Six Qi. Some chronic or seasonal diseases caused by external pathogens, which show little effect with various treatments or where physical strength does not recover long after healing, will naturally heal and recover upon the recovery of the Six Qi. *Suwen: Wuchangzheng Da Lun* states: "Nourish and harmonize them, carefully guard their Qi, do not let it shift improperly, so that their form becomes clear and vital Qi grows. This is called the Sage King. Therefore, the general principle states: Do not replace transformation, do not violate the season, wait for its recovery." Modern relocation therapy for recuperation takes advantage of avoiding pathogens and seeking suitability.

Some verified prescriptions and experiences introduce good efficacy, but practical application does not always reflect this. Why? The ancients stated: "One who does not know the addition of the year and the prosperity and decline of Qi cannot be a physician." For example, in 1955, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) had high efficacy in treating Japanese Encephalitis B in Shijiazhuang, but its efficacy was not significant in Beijing the following year. Pu Fuzhou, based on the fact that Dampness was dominant in the Six Qi of Beijing in 1956, and observing symptoms of Spleen Deficiency with Dampness Encumbrance, added Huo Xiang Pei Lan (Agastache and Eupatorium) for aromatic transformation of turbidity, significantly improving efficacy. The Wuyun Liuqi theory precisely enhances the comprehensiveness of syndrome differentiation.

The Wuyun Liuqi theory correlates the climate changes of Heaven-Human Unity with the actual incidence of epidemics, possessing a certain accuracy. Meteorologists have verified that the climate changes of celestial rotation indeed follow a sixty-year cycle pattern. However, in application, we cannot rigidly apply it. *Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Da Lun* states: "Movement has smoothness and reverseness, arrival has slowness and speed. In places of extreme height, Winter Qi prevails; in places of extreme depth, Spring Qi prevails. One must carefully observe this." The purpose of exploring Wuyun Liuqi theory is to use the past for the present and absorb the essence.

This article was published in the *Journal of Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine*, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1991.

3. The Theory of Luck and Qi in *Neijing* and the 1987 Hepatitis A Epidemic in Shanghai

The Seven Great Treatises in *Huangdi Neijing: Suwen* comprehensively and systematically introduce the theory of Luck and Qi, with rich content. From the guiding ideology and theoretical foundation of TCM, to the understanding of etiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment principles, and the application of formulas and drugs, it makes systematic discussions. Especially regarding climate changes and phenology, pathology, and their diagnostic points, it provides detailed summaries and explanations. Therefore, the "Seven Treatises" can be said to be the summary chapters of the basic spirit of *Neijing* and an extremely important part of the book. Famous scholars studying *Neijing* throughout history have mostly affirmed and interpreted them, and their clinical application value still shines with scientific brilliance today. As a TCM clinician, I emphasize practical effects. I wrote "Wuyun Liuqi Theory and Hangzhou Climate" and "Wuyun Liuqi Theory and Hangzhou Epidemics" in 1980 and 1990. Here, I make further explorations on the Wuyun Liuqi theory of *Neijing* and the 1987 Hepatitis A epidemic in Shanghai.

1987 was the Dingmao year, and 1988 was the Wuchen year.

Those slightly older remember well that from the autumn and winter of 1987 to the spring of 1988, a major Hepatitis A epidemic broke out in Shanghai, Ningbo, and Hangzhou. The plague spread rapidly from Greater Shanghai to surrounding areas, causing panic nationwide. People domestically and internationally feared entering Shanghai, fearing the Hepatitis A plague. On public buses, people dared not touch handrails; friends avoided shaking hands when meeting. Restaurant business was sluggish. Banlangen (Isatis Root Granules) became the most sought-after medicine; a pack of imported Arrow cigarettes could not even exchange for a pack of Banlangen granules. Medical authorities exclaimed it was related to eating razor clams.

The harmful plague had already spread. How to prevent and treat it? Opinions varied.

The Wuyun Liuqi theory in *Neijing*, written over 2,000 years ago, precisely seeks laws of climate change from the periodic changes of celestial body movement, predicting climate, phenology, and pathological changes in the human body, proposing prevention, guiding treatment, and prescribing formulas and drugs. Among them, the predictions made for the occurrence and spread of the Hepatitis A epidemic in Shanghai from autumn/winter 1987 to spring 1988 amazed the world with their precision!

How did the Wuyun Liuqi theory in *Neijing* predict the climate characteristics and human disease conditions of 1987 and 1988?

*Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Da Lun* states: "In Dingmao and Dingyou years, the upper is Yangming Metal, the central is Shaojiao Wood Transport, and the lower is Shaoyin Fire. The Cool Transformation and Hot Transformation of Victory and Recovery are the same, referred to as the days of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster in Palace Three. Dryness Transformation Nine, Wind Transformation Three, Heat Transformation Seven, referred to as the days of regular transformation. Its transformation above is Bitter-Small-Warm, middle is Pungent-Harmonious, lower is Salty-Cold. These are suitable for medicines and foods."

Translation of the above original text into vernacular: In Dingmao and Dingyou years, Yangming Dry Metal is Si Tian, it is a year of Wood Transport Insufficiency, and Shaoyin Sovereign Fire is Zai Quan. "Cool Transformation" refers to the phenomenon in a year of Wood Transport Insufficiency where spring should be warm but is not, resulting in a cool climate. In terms of Five Elements concept, this means Wood Qi is insufficient, Metal overcomes it, leading to extensive Dryness and Coolness, easily injuring Liver Qi. "Hot Transformation" refers to the year of Wood Transport Insufficiency where Metal overcomes Wood, but when Metal Qi is overly excessive, due to self-regulation of climate, Fire Qi comes to recover. The summer of this year will see hot climate, called "Cool Transformation and Hot Transformation of Victory and Recovery together."

"Disaster in Palace Three": "Disaster" refers to the damage of natural disasters; "Palace Three" refers to the East Zhen Palace. Due to Wood Transport Insufficiency and Metal overcoming, the Zhen Palace located in the East will suffer disasters. Geographically, this refers to the eastern China area around Shanghai.

"Dryness Transformation Nine" refers to the Si Tian Qi of Dingmao and Dingyou years. Yangming governs Cool and Dryness; the first half of the year's climate is cool and dry. "Nine" is the completion number of Metal.

"Wind Transformation Three" refers to the Sui Yun (Annual Transport) of Dingmao and Dingyou being Wood Transport Insufficiency. Wood governs Wind and Warmth. The cool climate of that spring affected the sprouting and growth of spring organisms. "Three" is the birth number of Wood.

"Heat Transformation Seven" refers to Dingmao and Dingyou having Shaoyin Sovereign Fire as Zai Quan. Shaoyin governs Heat, and all things grow due to feeling this fiery heat. "Seven" is the completion number of Fire, indicating the second half of the year's climate is very hot.

"Its transformation above is Bitter-Small-Warm, middle is Pungent-Harmonious, lower is Salty-Cold" refers to the first half of the year with Yangming Dry Metal Si Tian and cool climate, so in disease treatment and dietary regulation, bitter and warm-flavored medicines or foods are suitable because warmth can overcome coolness. "Middle Harmonious" refers to the Annual Transport being Wood Transport Insufficiency, where climate should be warm but is not, and Liver Qi is insufficient. So in treatment and dietary regulation, pungent and mildly warm-flavored medicines or foods are suitable. Because "Liver desires dispersion; urgently eat pungent to disperse it." "Lower Salty-Cold" refers to the second half of the year due to Shaoyin Sovereign Fire Zai Quan and hot climate, so in disease treatment and dietary regulation, salty and cold-flavored medicines and diets are suitable because cold can overcome heat. This indicates the suitable medicines and diets for Dingmao and Dingyou years.

*Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Da Lun* states: "For all these years where Yangming governs Si Tian, Qi transformation operates later than the season. Heavenly Qi is urgent, Earthly Qi is bright. Yang exclusively holds its command, and great heat runs rampant... Above, it corresponds to Taibai (Venus) and Yinghuo (Mars). Its governance is sharp, its command is violent. Hibernating insects appear, flowing water does not freeze. The people suffer from cough and throat obstruction, chills and fever, sudden tremors and sweating, strangury and epilepsy. Cool Qi appears first and is vigorous, hair-bearing animals die; Hot Qi follows violently, shell-bearing animals suffer. Their emergence is restless, the work of victory and recovery disturbs and creates chaos. The Clearing-Heat Qi persists at the Qi intersection. First Qi: Earthly Qi migrates, Yin begins to condense, Qi begins to solemn, water freezes, cold rain transforms... Second Qi: Yang spreads, the people relax, objects grow and flourish. Epidemics arrive greatly, the people often die suddenly. Third Qi: Heavenly governance spreads, Coolness acts, Dryness and Heat intersect, Dryness reaches extremity then becomes moist. The people suffer from chills and fever. Fourth Qi: Cold rain descends. Diseases erupt with collapse, trembling, delirium, shortness of breath, throat dryness with desire to drink, and also heart pain, carbuncles, sores, ulcers, malaria, and cold diseases, bone atrophy, and bloody stools. Fifth Qi: Spring command acts in reverse, grasses flourish, the people are peaceful. Final Qi: Yang Qi spreads, climate turns warm, hibernating insects appear, flowing water does not freeze, the people are healthy and peaceful, their disease is Warm. Therefore, eat the grain of the year to calm their Qi, eat the intercalary grain to remove their pathogen. The year is suitable for Salty, Bitter, and Pungent flavors. Sweat them, Clear them, Disperse them. Calm their Luck, do not let them receive pathogen. Break their stagnant Qi, nourish their source of transformation. Regulate according to the lightness, heaviness, and quantity of Cold and Heat. Those similar to Heat rely mostly on Heavenly transformation; those similar to Coolness rely mostly on Earthly transformation..."

Translation: In years where Yangming Dry Metal governs Si Tian, the Annual Transport is insufficient. The climate of each year does not completely correspond to the seasons, with phenomena of "arrival without arrival."

"Heavenly Qi is urgent, Earthly Qi is bright" refers to 1987 Yangming Si Tian belonging to Metal, governing Cool, Dryness, Gathering, and Killing. Shaoyin Sovereign Fire governs Heat and Growth. With Yangming Metal command above, climate changes are vigorous and urgent; with Shaoyin Sovereign Fire below, Earthly Qi is bright. The climate characteristic is cool in the first half and hot in the second half.

"Yang exclusively holds its command, and great heat runs rampant" refers to the possibility of extreme heat in the summer of 1987.

"Above, it corresponds to Taibai and Yinghuo" "Taibai" refers to Venus. "Yinghuo" refers to Mars. It indicates that climate changes are related to the movement and changes of Venus and Mars in the celestial bodies. In 1987, Venus and Mars were larger and brighter in the sky than in ordinary years.

"Its governance is sharp, its command is violent" refers to the cool climate of the first half of the year. Metal Qi is excessive, Fire Qi recovers, and the climate will exhibit violent heat natural phenomena.

"Hibernating insects appear, flowing water does not freeze" refers to 1987 winter being cold but not cold enough, so hibernating insects do not hide, and flowing water does not freeze.

"The people suffer from cough and throat obstruction, chills and fever, sudden tremors and sweating" refers to the first half of the year where the cool climate makes the Lung organ susceptible to pathogenic invasion, causing lung disease symptoms such as cough and throat obstruction. Since the Lung governs the skin and hair and controls regulation, clinically, symptoms such as fever and aversion to cold may appear.

"Strangury and epilepsy" refers to the failure of Lung Qi to descend properly, unable to regulate water passages, leading to urinary retention.

"Cool Qi appears first and is vigorous, hair-bearing animals die" refers to the cool climate of the first half of the year, which causes caterpillars (suitable for warm climates) to die.

"Hot Qi follows violently, shell-bearing animals suffer" refers to the excessive heat of the second half of the year, causing shellfish (suitable for cool climates) to suffer from plagues due to the hot climate.

"Their emergence is restless, the work of victory and recovery disturbs and creates chaos. The Clearing-Heat Qi persists at the Qi intersection" refers to abrupt and severely abnormal climate changes. Between the third and fourth Qi of spring and summer, it alternates between cool and hot, with extremely unstable climate.

"First Qi: Earthly Qi migrates, Yin begins to condense, Qi begins to solemn, water freezes, cold rain transforms" refers to the First Qi being Taiyin, governing Dampness, which is a Yin pathogen. It refers to the period from late December 1986 to early February 1987, where the climate was dark, humid, cold, and rainy.