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Difficulty 20 states: The classics mention that pulses can be "hidden" (Fu Ni). Regarding which Zang organ is this "hiding" discussed?

The answer is: It refers to the mutual overacting and mutual hiding of Yin and Yang. When a pulse appears in the Yin position (Chi position) but unexpectedly shows Yang pulse characteristics (such as floating, slippery, or long), it is called "Yang overacting on Yin"; although the pulse may occasionally appear deep, choppy, and short, this is referred to as "Yin hidden within Yang". When a pulse appears in the Yang position (Cun position) but unexpectedly shows Yin pulse characteristics (such as deep, choppy, or short), it is called "Yin overacting on Yang"; although the pulse may occasionally appear floating, slippery, and long, this is referred to as "Yang hidden within Yin".

This statement implies that within the mutual overaction of Yin and Yang, there is also the meaning of "hiding". The classics do not provide further verification for this. "Hidden" means that the pulse does not manifest in its original position but instead hides in another position and manifests there. The Yin-Yang classification of pulses is not solely defined by Cun being Yang and Chi being Yin. If described by anterior-posterior position, Cun is the Yang position and Chi is the Yin position; if described by superior-inferior position, the area above the muscle is the Yang position, and the area below the muscle is the Yin position. "Yang overacting on Yin" means that at the Chi position (Yin position), Yang pulses such as floating, slippery, and long are already present, yet they occasionally show Yin pulses such as deep, choppy, and short. Thus, it is called "Yin hidden within Yang," indicating that although Yang overacts on Yin, Yin still hides within Yang. "Yin overacting on Yang" means that at the Cun and Guan positions (Yang positions), Yin pulses such as deep, short, and choppy are already present, yet they occasionally show Yang pulses such as floating, slippery, and long. Thus, it is called "Yang hidden within Yin," indicating that although Yin overacts on Yang, Yang still hides within Yin.

Excessive Yang leads to mania (Kuang); excessive Yin leads to melancholic psychosis (Dian). Loss of Yang results in seeing ghosts; loss of Yin results in blindness.

This further elaborates on the extreme implications of the hiding of Yin and Yang. "Excessive Yang" and "Excessive Yin" refer not only to hiding but to the complete transformation of Yin into Yang and Yang into Yin. Mania is a Yang disease, while Dian is a Yin disease. "Excessive Yang leads to mania" indicates the prosperity of Wood-Fire Yang. "Excessive Yin leads to Dian" indicates the prosperity of Metal-Water Yin. The Heart governs joy, and the Liver governs anger; patients with mania have excess Wood-Fire, hence they exhibit frequent mood swings between joy and anger. The Kidney governs fear, and the Lung governs sorrow; patients with Dian have excess Metal-Water, hence they exhibit frequent sorrow and fear. When Yang is lost, Yin becomes prosperous; since ghosts belong to the Yin category, the patient sees them. When Yin is lost, considering that the Liver opens into the eyes, the Liver stores Blood, Blood houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul), and Hun transforms into Shen (Spirit), whose ascending and generating power creates brightness, opening upwards into two apertures to form the two eyes. Yin is the residence of Yang. When Yin is lost, the residence collapses, causing the Hun and Shen to scatter and perish, resulting in blindness. Although named as loss of Yin, it is actually the loss of Yang Qi within Yin.