胀之功。无咸寒作泻之患。其功倍于紫草。故以紫草茸呼之。实非紫草同类也。其性甘咸平。有小
毒。（近时人多不知此品。故附入于此。）
【红花】（又名红蓝花）能行男子血脉。通妇人经水。活血。解痘麻毒。散赤肿。治产后血晕。及胎
死腹中。少则养血。多则行血。过用使人血不止。且性兼上行。不可不知。亦主蛊毒下血。
【白茅根】降除伏热。利小便。止渴。治吐衄便尿诸血。
【净白茅花】入肺。性上升。散热止衄。
【鲜射干】治咳逆上气。喉痹、咽痛。不得消息。散结气。除腹中邪热。食饮大热等候。
【竹茹】专清胃府之热。为虚烦、烦渴、胃虚、呕逆、要药。咳逆唾血。产后虚烦。无不宜之。
性虽寒而滑。能利窍。可无郁遏客邪之虑。
【汉防己】去身半以下湿热。善走下行。长于除湿。主下焦血分之病。除邪。利大小便。去风
寒温疟热气诸病。疗水肿、膀胱热。通腠理。利九窍。大抵二便不利、下焦湿热者。可用。（凡上焦
湿热忌用。）其苗名木防己。
【当归】入心、脾、肝。凡血受病。及诸病夜甚者。必须用之。专破恶血。养心血。润肠胃。荣
筋。泽皮肤。理痈疽。排脓止痛。和营血。散内寒。身能养血。尾能行血。乃血中气药。故咳逆上气。
阴虚、阳无所附者。用之补阴。则血和气降矣。
【牡丹皮】入心、肾、心胞络、肝经。治血中伏火。故相火胜肾。无汗骨蒸。为专药。其味辛气
窜。能开发陷伏之邪外散。故主治寒热中风、螈 、惊痫等证。症坚瘀血。留舍肠胃五脏。及阴虚
吐血、衄血、必用之药。有行瘀血、生好血、破积生新、引血归经之功。（能走泄精液。汗多自汗
者。忌用。然性专散血。痛疮初起用之、恐致根脚散阔、及妇人血崩。与经行过期不净属虚寒者。
俱禁用。）
【银杏】（又名白果）能定喘。生嚼止白浊降痰。消毒杀虫。涂鼻面手足。去 。生捣能浣油
腻。同汞捣浆衣被。杀虫虱。去痰垢之功。可例推矣。熟则壅遏闭气。冬食。令人颅胀昏闷。凡食此
过多。胀闷欲死者。急以鹅翎蘸香油于喉中搅之。得吐则生。或以粪清灌之亦可。
【元胡索】入脾、胃。能活血止痛。治小便尿血。炮炙论曰。心痛欲死。急觅元胡。以其能散
胃脘气血滞痛也。善行血中气滞。气中血滞。性走而不守。惟有瘀滞者宜之。麻证腰疼。在未收之
前生用。已收之后醋炒用。
【金KT 石斛】入脾、胃。甘可悦脾。故浓肠胃而治伤中。咸能益肾。故益精气而补虚羸。为治
胃中虚热之专药。又能坚筋骨、强腰膝。骨痿脾弱。囊湿精少。小便余沥者宜之。麻后不食。多用
与服。即能食。
【蒲黄】入心胞络、肝经。治血止痛。生则行血。炒则止血。生炒并用。则能逐瘀生新。主心
腹膀胱寒热。利小便。止血。消瘀血。凡妇人麻证。正产坠胎。天癸正临及妄行等候。必需之药。
【牡蛎】治伤寒亡阳汗脱。
【败蒲扇】【败蒲席】汗积日久。咸寒相济。故用以烧灰。扑身止汗。其用蒲扇者。乃取扇
动招风止汗之义耳。非谓蒲能禁汗也。
【紫芫花】（陈者良。水浸一宿。晒干。醋炒以去其毒。反甘草）。消痰饮水肿。治咳逆、咽
痛、疝瘕、痈毒。逐水泻湿。能直达水饮窠囊隐僻处。取效甚捷。不可过剂。泄人元气。又能泻肝经水
蓄之证。勿因其为放水之品。于麻疹水蓄之候。置而不用。
【百部根】（肥白者良。抽去心用。不去心用则生烦闷。但其气温）。为杀虫要药。故肺热痨瘵
喘嗽有寸白虫者宜之。蛲虫痢及传尸骨蒸多用之。凡肺胃寒者宜之。麻证有生肺痈者权用。又以水浓煎
。洗牛马虱。树木虫蛀。用填孔中。更削杉木塞之。其虫即死。杀虫之功。于此可见。
【陈皮】入脾、肺气分。治胸中痰热逆气。为消痰运食之要药。留白则补脾胃。去白则理肺
气。能泻肺损脾。理气燥湿。为麻疹之禁药。元咳者用留白陈皮。
【樗根白皮】苦温有毒。入气分。暴痢滞者宜之。
【槐花】入大肠、胃、心胞络、肝经。治大小便血。目赤肿痛。肠风下血。痔血脏毒。
【辰砂】主身体五脏百病。养精神、安魂魄。益气明目。杀精魅邪恶鬼。久服通神不老。
【龙胆草】性沉降。治肝经邪热。下焦湿热。目赤肿。瘀肉。小儿肝气。去肠中小虫。惊痫。与
湿热邪气之在中下二焦者。非此不除。以其专伐肝胆之邪也。
【桃仁】入心胞络、肝经。为血瘀、血闭之专药。虽苦能泄血滞。甘可生新血。毕竟破血之功
居多。治热入血室。瘀积、 瘕、经闭、疟母等候。而麻证心腹痛、大肠闭结、亦有权用者。
【百合】补土消瘀止嗽。利小便。散积蓄之邪。主邪气腹心痛。然性专降。泻中气。故麻证亦
间有用者。（虚寒。二便清泄者忌用。）
【侧柏叶】性寒而燥。大能伐胃。虽有止血之功。而无阳生阴长之力。（亡血虚家。不宜擅
用。）
【麻黄】去根节。汤泡去沫。晾用。麻证用酒同蜜炒。须去根。若连根用。令人汗不绝。入
膀胱。乃肺经之专药。故治肺病多用之。去皮毛气分寒邪。以泄寒实。盖皮毛外闭。邪热内攻。肺气拂
郁。乃卫实之候。宜用之以发汗。若过汗则汗多亡阳。（饮食劳倦。及杂病自汗。表虚之证用之。则脱
人元气。祸患莫测。）故麻证不轻用。以麻黄根专能止汗。但不宜连根而用。
Possesses the efficacy of eliminating distension. It does not carry the risk of diarrhea caused by salty-cold purgatives. Its potency is several times that of *Zicao* (Radix Arnebiae / Radix Lithospermi), hence it is called "Zicaorong" (Purple Grass Fuzz), but it is actually not of the same category as *Zicao*. Its nature is sweet, salty, and neutral, with slight toxicity. (In recent times, many people are unfamiliar with this herb, so it is appended here.)
[Honghua] (Also known as Honglanhua) can promote blood circulation in men's vessels and regulate menstruation in women. It invigorates blood, resolves toxins from smallpox and measles, dissipates redness and swelling, treats postpartum blood syncope, and fetal death retained in the uterus. A small dose nourishes blood, while a large dose promotes blood circulation. Overuse may cause uncontrollable bleeding. Moreover, its action tends to ascend upward; this must be noted. It also treats lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gu poison.
[Baimaogen] Lowers and clears latent heat, promotes urination, relieves thirst, and treats various hemorrhagic conditions such as hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, and hematuria.
[Jing Baimaohua] Enters the Lung meridian. Its nature ascends. It clears heat and stops epistaxis.
[Xian Shegan] Treats cough with rebellious qi, throat obstruction (houbi), sore throat, and difficulty breathing. It dissipates nodular qi, removes pathogenic heat from the abdomen, and addresses conditions such as dietary stagnation transforming into heat.
[Zhuru] Specifically clears heat from the Stomach fu organ. It is an essential herb for treating deficiency irritability, vexatious thirst, stomach deficiency, and vomiting/rebellious qi. It is suitable for cough with rebellious qi, spitting blood, and postpartum deficiency irritability. Although its nature is cold and slippery, it can unblock orifices without the concern of trapping pathogenic factors.
[Han Fangji] Expels damp-heat from the lower half of the body. It moves downward effectively and excels at removing dampness. It primarily treats diseases of the blood level in the Lower Jiao, expels pathogens, and promotes bowel and urinary movements. It treats wind-cold, warm malaria, and other heat-related conditions. It manages edema and bladder heat, opens interstices, and benefits the nine orifices. Generally, it can be used for patients with difficult urination/defecation and damp-heat in the Lower Jiao. (It is contraindicated for damp-heat in the Upper Jiao.) Its aerial parts are called Mufangji.
[Danggui] Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Liver meridians. It must be used whenever blood pathology occurs or when various diseases worsen at night. It specifically breaks down evil blood, nourishes Heart blood, moistens the intestines and stomach, enriches sinews, and lusters the skin. It regulates carbuncles and sores, drains pus, and alleviates pain. It harmonizes Ying blood and disperses internal cold. The root body nourishes blood, while the tail promotes blood circulation. It is the Qi-moving herb within the Blood category. Therefore, for cough with rebellious qi and Yin deficiency where Yang has no anchor, using it to tonify Yin allows Blood and Qi to descend harmoniously.
[Mudanpi] Enters the Heart, Kidney, Pericardium, and Liver meridians. It treats latent fire in the blood. Thus, it is a specific remedy for ministerial fire hyperactivity injuring the Kidney and bone-steaming tidal fever without sweating. Its pungent taste and penetrating aroma allow it to release trapped pathogens outward. Hence, it treats alternating chills and fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, and epilepsy. It is also essential for hard masses, blood stasis lodged in the intestines, stomach, and five zang organs, as well as Yin deficiency causing hematemesis and epistaxis. It has the functions of moving blood stasis, generating good blood, breaking accumulations to generate new tissue, and guiding blood back to its vessels. (However, it can leak essence; it is contraindicated for those with excessive sweating or spontaneous sweating. Since its nature specializes in dispersing blood, it is contraindicated in the early stage of painful sores, as it may cause the lesion to spread widely, and in cases of uterine bleeding or prolonged menstrual flow due to deficiency-cold.)
[Yinxing] (Also known as Baiguo) can calm asthma. Chewing raw stops leukorrhea and reduces phlegm. It detoxifies and kills parasites. Applied to the nose, face, hands, and feet, it removes [skin issues]. Raw and crushed, it washes away grease. Mixed with mercury and pounded into a paste for clothing, it kills lice. Its ability to remove phlegm stains can be inferred similarly. When cooked, it causes Qi stagnation and closure. Eating it in winter causes head distension and dizziness. If eaten in excess, causing severe distension and suffocation, immediately stir the throat with a goose feather dipped in sesame oil to induce vomiting, which saves life. Alternatively,灌ing fecal fluid works too.
[Yuanhusuo] Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It invigorates blood and alleviates pain, treating hematuria. Pharmacological texts state: "For heart pain nearing death, urgently seek Yuanhu," because it disperses Qi and blood stagnation pain in the epigastrium. It excels at moving Qi stagnation in blood and blood stagnation in Qi. Its nature moves freely and does not stay put, making it suitable only for stagnation. For lumbar pain in measles, use raw before resolution, and vinegar-processed after resolution.
[Jinchan Shihu] Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Sweetness pleases the Spleen, thus thickening the intestines and stomach to treat middle-jiao injury. Saltyness benefits the Kidney, thus replenishing essence and Qi to tonify emaciation. It is a specific herb for treating deficiency heat in the Stomach. It also strengthens bones and sinews and fortifies the waist and knees. It is suitable for bone萎 (osteomalacia), Spleen weakness, damp scrotum, scanty essence, and dribbling urine. For poor appetite after measles, administering it frequently restores eating.
[Puhuang] Enters the Pericardium and Liver meridians. Treats blood disorders and alleviates pain. Raw form moves blood; roasted form stops bleeding. Using both forms together drives out stasis and generates new blood. It treats alternating cold and heat in the Heart, abdomen, and Bladder, promotes urination, stops bleeding, and eliminates blood stasis. It is an essential herb for women with measles during childbirth, miscarriage, natural menstruation onset, or abnormal uterine bleeding.
[Muli] Treats Yang collapse and sweat depletion caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan).
[Bai Pushan] & [Bai Puxi] The juice accumulated in rush mats over time becomes salty-cold. Thus, they are burned to ash and dusted on the body to stop sweating. Using rush fans implies the meaning of fanning to attract wind and stop sweating, not that rush itself inhibits sweating.
[Zi Yuanhua] (Older material is better. Soak in water overnight, dry, and process with vinegar to reduce toxicity; incompatible with Gancao). Eliminates phlegm-fluid retention and edema. Treats cough with rebellious qi, sore throat, hernia masses, and carbuncle toxins. Drains water and dampness, reaching hidden pockets of fluid retention with rapid effect. Do not overdose, as it damages healthy Qi. It also drains water accumulation in the Liver meridian. Do not omit it during measles complicated by water retention simply because it is a diuretic.
[Baibu Gen] (Plump and white ones are best. Remove the core; leaving it causes irritability, though its nature is warm). It is a key herb for killing parasites. Thus, it is suitable for lung heat tuberculosis, wheezing cough with Ascaris (inchworms), pinworm dysentery, and consumption with bone-steaming fever. It is suitable for Lung and Stomach cold. In measles cases developing lung abscess, it is used cautiously. Boiled strongly in water, it washes lice off cattle and horses. For tree borers, fill holes with it and plug with cedar wood to kill insects. Its parasiticidal power is evident here.
[Chenpi] Enters the Qi aspect of the Spleen and Lung. Treats phlegm-heat and rebellious Qi in the chest. It is a key herb for resolving phlegm and promoting digestion. Retaining the white pith tonifies the Spleen and Stomach; removing it regulates Lung Qi. It can drain the Lung and damage the Spleen, regulate Qi, and dry dampness. It is a contraindicated herb for measles. For chronic cough, use Chenpi with the white pith retained.
[Chu Gen Bai Pi] Bitter, warm, and toxic. Enters the Qi aspect. Suitable for acute dysentery with stagnation.
[Huaihua] Enters the Large Intestine, Stomach, Pericardium, and Liver meridians. Treats hematochezia and hematuria, red and swollen eyes, intestinal wind bleeding, hemorrhoidal bleeding, and visceral toxin.
[Chensha] Primarily treats various diseases of the five zang organs. Nourishes spirit, calms魂魄 (ethereal soul and corporeal soul), benefits Qi and vision, and exorcises evil spirits. Long-term use brings spiritual clarity and longevity.
[Longdan Cao] Nature is heavy and sinking. Treats pathogenic heat in the Liver meridian and damp-heat in the Lower Jiao. Reduces red, swollen eyes, fleshy growths, pediatric Liver Qi issues, and intestinal parasites. Treats epilepsy. It is indispensable for clearing damp-heat pathogens in the Middle and Lower Jiao, as it specifically attacks Liver and Gallbladder pathogens.
[Taoren] Enters the Pericardium and Liver meridians. It is a specific herb for blood stasis and blood obstruction. Although bitterness drains blood stasis and sweetness generates new blood, its blood-breaking power predominates. It treats heat entering the blood chamber, blood accumulations, masses, amenorrhea, and malaria spleen enlargement. In measles cases with abdominal pain and large intestine constipation, it is occasionally used cautiously.
[Baihe] Tonifies Earth, resolves stasis, stops cough, promotes urination, and dissipates accumulated pathogens. Treats abdominal pain caused by pathogens. However, its nature is specifically descending and drains Middle Qi. Thus, it is occasionally used in measles cases. (Contraindicated for deficiency-cold with clear urination and loose stools.)
[Cebai Ye] Nature is cold and drying. It severely damages the Stomach. Although it stops bleeding, it lacks the power of Yang generating Yin. (Not suitable for those with blood loss and deficiency.)
[Mahuang] Remove roots and joints, soak in decoction to remove foam, and dry. For measles, process with wine and honey. Roots must be removed; using them causes continuous sweating. It enters the Bladder meridian and is a specific herb for the Lung meridian. Thus, it is often used for Lung diseases. It expels cold pathogens from the skin and Qi level to drain cold excess. When pores are closed externally, pathogenic heat attacks internally, and Lung Qi is obstructed, this is a Wei-excess condition, requiring Ma Huang to induce sweating. Excessive sweating leads to Yang collapse from sweat loss. (For exterior deficiency conditions like spontaneous sweating due to diet/labor fatigue or miscellaneous diseases, using it depletes healthy Qi with unpredictable consequences.) Therefore, Ma Huang is rarely used in measles. Note that Ma Huang Gen specifically stops sweating, but roots should not be used together with the stem.