足太阳之筋。起于足小趾。上结于踝。邪上结于膝。其下循足外侧。结于踵。上循跟结于 。
其别者结于 外。上 中。内廉。与 中并上结于臀上挟脊上项。其支者。别入结于舌本。其直者。
结于枕骨。上头下颜结于鼻。其支者。为目上输。下结于 。其支者。从腋后外廉结于肩 。其支者
入下。上出缺盆。上结于完骨。其支者。出缺盆。邪上出于 。其病小趾支跟肿痛。骨挛脊反折颈
筋急。肩不举。腋支缺盆中纽痛。不可左右摇。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名曰仲春
痹也。（邪斜同臀音屯 音仇 音偶网当作纲输与 俞通用）
此篇论手足之筋。亦如经脉之起于指井。而经络于形身之上下。以应天之四时六气。十二辰。
十二月。盖亦秉三阴三阳之气所生也。足太阳之筋。起于足小趾之至阴穴间。循踝膝 。以上臀
至项。结于脑后枕骨而上头。至前复下于颜。结于鼻而为目上之纲维。此皆循脉而上经于头。其支者。
亦如经脉之支别。从经筋而旁络也。故其病为小趾肿痛。 挛。脊反折。项筋急。经筋之为病也。
肩不举。腋支缺盆中纽痛。不可左右摇。支筋之为病也。燔针烧针也。劫刺者。如劫夺之势。刺之即
去。无迎随出入之法。知者。血气和而知其伸舒也。以痛为输者。随其痛处而即为所取之俞穴也。
夫在外者。皮肤为阳。筋骨为阴。病在阴者名曰痹。痹者。血气留闭而为痛也。卯者二月。主左右之
太阳。故为仲春之痹。盖手足阴阳之筋。应天之四时。岁之十二月。故其为病。亦应时而生。非由
外感也。
足少阳之筋。起于小趾次趾。上结外踝。上循胫外廉。结于膝外廉。其支者。别起外辅骨上走髀。
前者结于伏兔之上。后者结于尻。其直者上乘 季胁。上走胁前廉。系于膺乳。结于缺盆。直者上
出腋。贯缺盆出太阳之前。循耳后。上额角。交巅上。下走颔。上结于 。支者结于目 为外维。其
病小趾次趾支转筋。引膝外转筋。膝不可屈伸。 筋急。前引髀。后引尻。即上乘 季胁痛。上引
缺盆膺乳。颈维筋急。从左之右。右目不开。上过右角。并跷脉而行左络于右。故伤左角。右足不
用。命曰维筋相交。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名曰孟春痹也。
足少阳之筋。起于小趾次趾相交之窍阴井穴。而上循于头目。皆并脉而经于骨也。维筋者。阳
维之筋也。阳维之脉。与足少阳之脉。会于肩井。风池。脑空。目窗。承泣。阳白。于目之上下。故
从左之右。则右目不开。盖春阳之气。从左而右。维、筋左右之交维也。左络于右故伤左角者。
病从左而右也。右足不用者。复从上而下也。盖维者。为一身之纲维。从左之右。右之左。下而上
。上而下。左右上下交维。故命曰筋维相交。此足少阳之筋。交于阳维之筋而为病也。寅者。正月
之生阳也。主左足之少阳。故为孟春之痹。
足阳明之筋。起于中三趾。结于跗上。邪外上加于辅骨。上结于膝外廉。直上结于髀枢。上循胁
属脊。其直者。上循 。结于缺盆。其支者。结于外辅骨。合少阳。其直者。上循伏兔。上结于髀。
聚于阴器。上腹而布。至缺盆而结。上颈。上挟口。合于鸠。下结于鼻。上合于太阳。太阳为目上网。
阳明为目下网。其支者。从颊结于耳前。其病足中趾支胫转筋。脚跳坚。伏兔转筋。髀前肿。溃疝。
腹筋急。引缺盆及颊。卒口僻。急者目不合。热则筋纵目不开。颊筋有寒。则急引颊移口。有热。
则筋弛纵缓不胜收。故僻。治之以马膏。膏其急者。以白酒和桂。以涂其缓者。以桑钩钩
之。即以生桑炭置之坎中。高下以坐等。以膏熨急颊。且饮美酒。 美炙食。不饮酒者。自强也。
为之三拊而已。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名曰季春痹也。（钩音构）
足阳明之筋。起于中三趾。乃厉兑之外间。循髀股而上经于颈。结于口鼻耳目之间。其病支胫
伏兔转筋。脚跳而坚。经筋之为病也。溃疝腹中急者。聚于阴器。上布于腹也。口僻口移者。筋上
挟口也。目不开合者。太阳为目上纲。阳明为目下纲也。太阳寒水主气而为开。故寒则筋急而目不
合。阳明燥热主气而为阖。故热则筋纵而目不开。颊筋有寒。则急引颊移口而为僻。有热。则筋纵
缓不收而为僻。盖左筋急。则口僻于左。左筋缓。则口僻于右也。马膏者。以马之脂膏熬膏。钩、
构也。以桑之钩曲者而钩架之。高下如座之相等。即以生炭置之坎中。令坐于上。如左颊筋急而口
僻于左者。以白酒和桂以涂其右颊之缓者。以马膏熨左之急颊。左右之缓急更变。即以其法易之。
且饮以美酒。 以炙食。不饮酒者。自强饮之。为之三拊而止。此治口颊 僻之法也。其转筋溃疝
诸证。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。辰者。三月。主左足之阳明。故为季春之痹。夫在足
阳明。饮以美酒。 以美食者。诸筋皆由胃腑之津液以濡养。故阳明主润宗筋。宗筋主束骨而利机
关也。尚御公曰。在阳明有寒热之开合。在少阴有阴阳之俯仰。此阳中有阴。阴中有阳。少阴主
先天之阴阳。阳明主后天之阴阳也。
足太阴之筋。起于大趾之端内侧。上结于内踝。其直者。络于膝内辅骨。上循阴股。结于髀。聚于
阴器。上腹结于脐。循腹里。结于肋。散于胸中。其内者着于脊。其病足大趾支内踝痛。转筋痛。
膝内辅骨痛。阴股引髀而痛。阴器
纽痛。下引脐两胁痛。引膺口脊内痛。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。命曰孟秋痹也。（孟当作仲）
足太阴之筋。起于大趾内侧之隐白间。循膝股而上于胸腹。其内者着于脊。其病在筋经之部分
而为痛。酉者八月。主左足之太阴。故为仲秋之痹。
足少阴之筋。起于小趾之下。并足太阴之筋。邪走内踝之下。结于踵。与太阳之筋合。而上结
于内辅之下。并太阴之筋。而上循阴股。结于阴器。循脊内挟膂上至项。结于枕骨。与足太阳之筋
合。其病足下转筋。及所过而结者皆痛。及转筋。病在此者。生痫 及痉。在外者不能俯。在内者
不能仰。故阳病者。腰反折不能俯。阴病者。不能仰。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。在内
者熨引饮药。此筋折纽。纽发数甚者。死不治。名曰仲秋痹也。（数叶朔仲当作孟）
足少阴之筋。起于足小趾之下。斜趋涌泉。上循阴股。结于阴器。循脊内挟于膂筋。上至项。结
于枕骨。与足太阳之筋相合。此脏腑阴阳之筋气相交也。其病足下转筋。及所过而结者皆痛。病在
此所过所结者。主痫 痉强。此经筋之为病也。在外在内者。病阴阳之气也。少阴之上。君火主之。
少阴为阴阳水火之主宰。故有外内阴阳之见证。阳外而阴内也。纽折者。痫 强痉也。如纽发频数而
甚者。死不治。盖少阴主藏津液。所以濡筋骨而利关节。阳气者。柔则养筋。纽折数甚。精阳之气
绝也。申者。七月之生阴也。主左足之少阴。故为孟秋之痹。尚御公曰。少阴之气。从本从标。刺
禁篇曰。心部于表。肾治于里。少阴本阴而标阳。本内而标外也。余伯荣曰。足少阴之筋。与足太
阳之筋。上合于颈项。此脏腑阴阳之气交也。病在外在阳者。病太阳之气。故
腰反折。不能俯。在内在阴者。病少阴之气。故不能仰。如伤寒病在太阳。则有反折之痉强。在少
阴则蜷卧矣。
足厥阴之筋。起于大趾之上。上结于内踝之前。上循胫。上结内辅之下。上循阴股。结于阴器。
络诸筋。其病足大趾支内踝之前痛。内辅痛。阴股痛。转筋。阴器不用。伤于内。则不起。伤于寒。则
阴缩入。伤于热。则纵挺不收。治在行水清阴气。其病转筋者。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。
命曰季秋痹也。
足厥阴之筋。起于足大趾之大敦。循胫股而结于阴器。络诸筋。阴器乃宗筋之会。厥阴主筋。
故联系于三阴三阳之筋也。其病乃筋之所过而结者。为痛。为转筋。为阴器不用。伤于内。则阴痿
不用。伤于寒。则阴器缩入。伤于热。则阴挺不收。厥阴从中见少阳之火化。故有寒热之分。夫金
气之下。水气治之。复行一步。木气治之。厥阴之木气本于水。故治在行水。以清厥阴之气。其
病在有形之筋而为转筋者。治在燔针劫刺矣。尚御公曰。两阴交尽。是为厥阴。阴极而阳生。厥
阴本气。自有寒热之化。
手太阳之筋。起于小指之上。结于腕。上循臂内廉。结于肘内锐骨之后。弹之应小指之上。入结于
腋下。其支者。后走腋后廉。上绕肩胛。循颈出走太阳之前。结于耳后完骨。其支者。入耳中。直者。
出耳上下。结于颔。上属目外 。其病小指支肘内锐骨后廉痛。循臂阴入腋下。腋下痛。腋后廉痛。
绕肩胛引颈而痛。应耳中鸣痛引颔。目瞑良久乃得视。颈筋急则为筋痿颈肿。寒热在颈者。治在燔针
劫刺之。以知为数。以痛为输。其为肿者。复而锐之。本支者。上曲牙。循耳前。属目外 。上颔。
结于角。其病当所过者支转筋。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名曰仲夏痹也。
手太阳之筋。起于手小指之少泽。循臂肘肩项。而上结于耳颔目 之间。其在筋之所过而结者。
为痛为肿。为筋痿。其寒热在颈者。治在燔针劫刺。颈肿者。复以锐针刺之。本支者。本于直者而
支行也。本筋与支筋皆属于目外 。筋之分行而复联系也。午者五月。主于太阳。故名曰仲夏痹
也。尚御公曰。太阳之上。寒气主之。少阴之上。热气主之。故在手太阳。有寒热之在颈。在手
少阴。有阴阳之俯仰。当知十二经筋。应三阴三阳之六气。亦无分手与足也。余伯荣曰。太阳之
为病。头项强痛而恶寒。寒热在颈者。病太阳之气。非手太阳之筋证也。
手少阳之筋。起于小指次指之端。结于腕。上循臂。结于肘。上绕 外廉。上肩走颈。合手太阳。
其支者。当曲颊入系舌本。其支者。上曲牙。循耳前。属目外 。上乘颔。结于角。其病当所过者。
即支转筋。舌卷。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名为季夏病也。
手少阳之筋。起于小指次指端之关冲。循腕臂肘 而上肩颈。当曲颊处入系舌本。其支者。上曲
牙循耳前。属目外 。复上乘颔结于额角。其病当所过之处。即支分而转筋。舌卷。治在燔针劫刺。
以知为度。即以痛处为所取之俞穴。未者六月。乃少阳主气。故名曰季夏痹也。
手阳明之筋。起于大指次指之端。结于腕。上循臂。上结于肘外上 。结于 。其支者。绕肩胛
挟脊。直者从肩 上颈。其支者。上颊。结于 。直者。上出手太阳之前。上左角络头。下右颔。
其病当所过者支痛。及转筋。肩不举。颈不可左右视。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名为孟
夏痹也。
手阳明之筋。起于食指之商阳穴间。循腕臂肘 而上肩颈。结于 。络于颔。其病当所过所结
之处。支痛及转筋。肩不能举。颈不可以回顾。治在燔针劫刺。三月四月。乃两阳合明。故名曰
孟夏痹也。
手太阴之筋。起于大指之上。循指上行。结于鱼后。行寸口外侧。上循臂。结肘中。上 内廉。
入腋。下出缺盆。结肩前 。上结缺盆。下结胸里。散贯贲。合贲下抵季胁。其病当所过者。支转筋
痛。甚成息贲。胁急。吐血。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。以痛为输。名曰仲冬痹也。（贲音奔）
手太阴之筋。起于手大指端之少商间。循臂肘上 。入腋下。结于肩之前 。上结于缺盆。下
结于胸里。散贯于胃脘之贲门间。合于贲门而下抵季胁。其病当筋之所过者。为支度转筋而痛。甚
则成息贲。胁急吐血。盖十二经筋。合阴阳六气。气逆则为喘急息奔。血随气奔。则为吐血。子者十一
月。太阴主气。故名曰仲冬痹也。
手心主之筋。起于中指。与太阴之筋并行。结于肘内廉。上臂阴。结腋下。下散前后挟胁。其
支者。入腋。散胸中。结于臂。其病当所过者。支转筋。前及胸痛息贲。治在燔针劫刺。以知为数。
以痛为输。名曰孟冬痹也。（臂当作贲贲叶臂）
手心主之筋。起于手中指之中冲穴间。与手太阴之筋并行。循胁腋。散胸中。下结于胃脘之贲
门间。其病当筋之所过结处为转筋。而前及胸痛。散于胸中。结于贲门。故成息奔也。亥者十月。
主两阴交尽。故名曰孟冬痹也。尚御公曰。在足曰厥阴。在手曰心主。盖三阴三阳之气。生于下而
本于足。足之六经。上合于手者也。
手少阴之筋。起于小指之内侧。结于锐骨。上结肘内廉。上入腋。交太阴。挟乳里。结于胸中。
循臀下系于脐。其病内急。心承伏梁。下为肘网。其病当所过者支转筋。筋痛。治在燔针劫刺。以知
为数。以痛为输。其成伏梁唾脓血
者。死不治。经筋之病。寒则反折筋急。热则筋弛纵不收。阴痿不用。阳急则反折。阴急则俯不伸。
刺者。刺寒急也。热则筋纵不收。无用燔针。名曰季冬痹也。
手少阴之筋。起于手小指侧之少冲间。循肘腋。交于手太阴之筋。挟乳里。结于胸中。循臂下
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyang originates at the little toe. It ascends and binds at the ankle. If invaded by pathogenic factors, it ascends and binds at the knee. Its descending branch follows the lateral aspect of the foot and binds at the calcaneus. Ascending along the Achilles tendon, it binds at the popliteal fossa (Weizhong). Another branch binds at the lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa, ascends into the center of the popliteal fossa, follows the medial thigh, runs parallel with the sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang, and ascends to bind at the buttock, flanking the spine to reach the nape. A collateral branch from the nape enters and binds at the root of the tongue. The straight branch binds at the occiput, ascends to the head, descends to the forehead, and binds at the nose. A collateral branch serves as the upper net for the eye, descending to bind at the inner canthus. Another collateral branch binds at the shoulder joint (Jianyu) from the posterior-lateral axilla. A further branch enters the axilla, ascends out of the supraclavicular fossa (Quepen), and binds at the mastoid process (Wangu). Another branch emerges from the supraclavicular fossa and obliquely ascends out of the supra-auricular angle. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness in the little toe, swelling and pain in the heel, muscle spasms, opisthotonos (spasm of the spinal muscles causing backward arching), stiffness of cervical tendons, inability to raise the shoulder, pulling pain in the axilla and supraclavicular fossa, and inability to turn the head left or right. Treatment involves burning needle (Fanzhen) and rapid puncture (Jieshi), using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Mid-Spring. ("Xie" is synonymous with "Xie" (oblique); "Tun" refers to the buttock; "Wang" should be "Gang" (net/rope); "Shu" is interchangeable with "Yu").
This chapter discusses the sinews of the hand and foot channels, similar to how meridians originate at the Jing-well points on the fingers and toes and traverse the body up and down, corresponding to the four seasons, six Qi, twelve double-hours, and twelve months of heaven. This is likely generated by inheriting the Qi of the Three Yin and Three Yang. The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyang originates between the Zhiyin acupoint at the little toe, follows the ankle and knee, ascends to the buttocks and nape, binds at the occiput behind the head, goes up to the head and down to the face, binding at the nose, serving as the upper net for the eyes. These all follow the meridians to ascend to the head. Its collaterals, like the branches of the meridians, diverge from the sinew channels to network laterally. Thus, its diseases manifest as swelling and pain in the little toe, spasm in the popliteal fossa, opisthotonos, stiffness of neck tendons, inability to raise the shoulder, and pulling pain in the axilla and supraclavicular fossa preventing head rotation. This is a disease of the collateral sinews. Burning needle refers to moxibustion needles. Rapid puncture implies a forceful removal of pathogen, where the needle is inserted and withdrawn immediately, without following the methods of welcoming or escorting. "Zhi" (knowing) refers to the harmonization of blood and Qi, allowing one to perceive the extension and relaxation of the tendons. "Using the painful point as the Shu point" means selecting the acupoint at the location of pain. Those on the exterior: skin is Yang, bones and sinews are Yin. Disease in the Yin is called Bi. Bi refers to pain caused by the stagnation and closure of blood and Qi. The Mao month is the second lunar month, governing the Taiyang of both sides, hence it is called Bi syndrome of Mid-Spring. Generally, the sinews of Hand and Foot Yin and Yang correspond to the four seasons and twelve months of heaven; thus, their diseases arise according to the season, not due to external invasion.
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang originates at the little toe and the second toe, ascending to bind at the lateral malleolus. It ascends along the lateral aspect of the lower leg and binds at the lateral aspect of the knee. A collateral branch arises separately from above the fibula (lateral auxiliary bone), travels upward to the thigh. The anterior part binds above the Futu area, and the posterior part binds at the sacrum (Kao). The straight branch ascends to the costal margin, moves forward to the anterior edge of the hypochondrium, ties to the chest and breast, and binds at the supraclavicular fossa. The straight branch ascends out of the axilla, passes through the supraclavicular fossa, emerges anterior to the Foot-Taiyang channel, follows the ear posteriorly, ascends to the temporal angle, crosses the vertex, descends to the mandible, and ascends to bind at the outer canthus. A collateral branch binds at the outer canthus, serving as the lateral maintenance. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness and spasms in the little and second toes,牵引 (pulling) of lateral knee spasms, inability to flex or extend the knee, stiffness of the popliteal tendon, anterior pulling of the thigh, posterior pulling of the sacrum, even pain in the superior costal margin, and upward pulling of the supraclavicular fossa, chest, and breast. Stiffness of the cervical maintenance tendon: if injured on the left and transmitted to the right, the right eye cannot open. The pathogen passes over the right corner, runs with the Qiao vessels, and networks from left to right. Thus, injury to the left corner results in non-function of the right foot, termed "Wei Jin Xiang Jiao" (Crossed Maintenance Sinew Interaction). Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Early Spring.
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang originates at the Qiaoyin Jing-well point, where the little and second toes intersect, and ascends to the head and eyes, running alongside the meridians and traversing the bones. Wei Jin (Maintenance Sinew) refers to the sinew of the Yang Linking Vessel (Yangwei Mai). The Yang Linking Vessel intersects with the Foot-Shaoyang channel at Jianjing, Fengchi, Naokong, Muchuang, Chengqi, and Yangbai, located above and below the eyes. Hence, transmission from left to right causes the right eye to remain closed. This is because the Qi of Spring Yang moves from left to right, and the maintenance sinews cross-link left and right. Networking from left to right means injury to the left corner causes disease to move from left to right. Non-function of the right foot indicates movement from top to bottom. The Wei Jin serves as the maintenance of the whole body, crossing from left to right, right to left, bottom to top, and top to bottom. Hence, it is named Crossed Maintenance Sinew Interaction. This is the disease arising from the intersection of the Foot-Shaoyang sinew with the Yang Linking sinew. The Yin month is the first lunar month, representing the generation of Yang Qi, governing the Left-Foot Shaoyang, hence it is called Bi syndrome of Early Spring.
The sinew channel of Foot-Yangming originates at the middle three toes, binding at the dorsum of the foot. Obliquely adding externally to the auxiliary bone, it ascends to bind at the lateral aspect of the knee. The straight branch ascends to bind at the hip pivot (Bishu), follows the ribs, and attaches to the spine. The straight branch ascends along the throat, binding at the supraclavicular fossa. A collateral branch binds at the lateral auxiliary bone, merging with the Foot-Shaoyang sinew. The straight branch ascends along the Futu, binding at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, spreads upward over the abdomen, and binds at the supraclavicular fossa. It ascends to the neck, crosses the mouth, merges at the chin, descends to bind at the nose, and ascends to merge with Foot-Taiyang. Foot-Taiyang is the upper net of the eye, and Foot-Yangming is the lower net of the eye. A collateral branch binds at the pre-auricular area from the cheek. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness in the middle toe, calf spasms, jumping sensation and hardness in the foot, spasms in the Futu area, swelling of the anterior thigh, hernia ulcers, abdominal tendon stiffness, pulling of the supraclavicular fossa and cheek, sudden facial paralysis (mouth deviation). In cases of stiffness, the eye cannot close; in heat, the tendon relaxes and the eye cannot open. Cold in the cheek tendons causes stiffness pulling the cheek and deviating the mouth; heat causes tendon relaxation and failure to retract, resulting in deviation. Treatment uses horse fat ointment applied to the stiff side; white wine mixed with cinnamon applied to the relaxed side; a mulberry wood hook used to pull the affected side, placed over a pit with fresh mulberry charcoal, with height adjusted to the sitting position. The stiff cheek is warmed with the ointment, while drinking fine wine and eating roasted meat. Those who do not drink alcohol must force themselves to do so, followed by three patting motions. Treatment also involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Late Spring. ("Gou" sounds like "Gou").
The sinew channel of Foot-Yangming originates at the middle three toes, specifically the lateral aspect of the Lidui point, ascends along the thigh and leg to the neck, binding at the mouth, nose, ears, and eyes. Symptoms include calf and Futu spasms, jumping and hardness in the foot, which are sinew diseases. Hernia ulcers and abdominal stiffness occur because the sinew gathers at the genitalia and spreads to the abdomen. Mouth deviation occurs because the sinew crosses the mouth. Eye opening/closing issues arise because Taiyang is the upper net and Yangming is the lower net. Taiyang cold water governs opening; thus, cold causes tendon stiffness and eye closure failure. Yangming dry heat governs closing; thus, heat causes tendon relaxation and eye opening failure. Cold in cheek tendons causes stiffness pulling the cheek and deviation; heat causes relaxation and deviation. Generally, left tendon stiffness causes left deviation; left tendon relaxation causes right deviation. Horse fat is made from rendered horse fat. Gou refers to structure. A bent mulberry branch forms a hook frame, adjusted to seat height. Fresh charcoal is placed in a pit for the patient to sit over. For left cheek stiffness causing left deviation, white wine and cinnamon are applied to the right relaxed cheek, and horse fat is used to warm the left stiff cheek. Methods are swapped based on changes in tension. Fine wine and roasted meat are consumed. Not drinking individuals must force themselves, followed by three patting motions. This treats facial deviation. Spasms and hernias are treated with burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. The Chen month is the third lunar month, governing Left-Foot Yangming, hence Bi syndrome of Late Spring. Regarding Foot-Yangming, consuming wine and food is because all sinews are nourished by stomach fluids; thus, Yangming moistens the Zongjin (Major Sinew), which binds bones and facilitates joints. Shang Yugong stated: In Yangming, there is opening/closing of cold/heat; in Shaoyin, there is bowing/raising of Yin/Yang. This is Yang within Yin and Yin within Yang. Shaoyin governs innate Yin/Yang; Yangming governs acquired Yin/Yang.
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyin originates at the medial end of the big toe, ascending to bind at the medial malleolus. The straight branch connects to the medial femoral condyle, ascends along the medial thigh, binds at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, ascends to the abdomen binding at the umbilicus, follows the interior of the abdomen, binds at the ribs, and scatters in the chest. The internal branch attaches to the spine. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness in the big toe, medial malleolus pain, spasmodic pain, medial femoral condyle pain, medial thigh pulling thigh pain, genital pulling pain, downward pulling of umbilicus and hypochondrium, pulling of chest, mouth, and internal spine. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Mid-Autumn. ("Meng" should be "Zhong").
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyin originates between the Yinbai acupoint at the medial big toe, ascends along the knee and thigh to the chest and abdomen. The internal branch attaches to the spine. Diseases manifest as pain in the sinew distribution areas. The You month is the eighth lunar month, governing Left-Foot Taiyin, hence Bi syndrome of Mid-Autumn.
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyin originates below the little toe, running with the Foot-Taiyin sinew, obliquely walking below the medial malleolus, binding at the calcaneus, combining with the Foot-Taiyang sinew, and ascending to bind below the medial femoral condyle. Running with the Foot-Taiyin sinew, it ascends along the medial thigh, binds at the genitalia, follows the spine internally flanking the erector spinae to the nape, binds at the occiput, and combines with the Foot-Taiyang sinew. When diseased, symptoms include sole spasms, pain at all passing and binding sites, and spasms. Disease here leads to epilepsy and tetany. Exterior involvement prevents bending forward; interior involvement prevents bending backward. Thus, Yang disease causes opisthotonos preventing bending forward; Yin disease prevents bending backward. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. Interior cases use warming, guiding, and herbal medicine. Tendon rupture/torsion with frequent/severe episodes is fatal and untreatable. This is called Bi syndrome of Mid-Autumn. ("Shuo" reads as "Shuo", "Zhong" should be "Meng").
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyin originates below the little toe,斜趋 (obliquely trends to) Yongquan, ascends along the medial thigh, binds at the genitalia, follows the spine internally flanking the erector spinae to the nape, binds at the occiput, and combines with the Foot-Taiyang sinew. This is the intersection of Zang-Fu Yin-Yang sinew Qi. Symptoms include sole spasms and pain at passing/binding sites. Disease at these sites governs epilepsy and tetany. This is a sinew disease. Exterior/Interior reflects Yin-Yang Qi disease. Above Shaoyin, Ministerial Fire governs. Shaoyin is the master of Yin-Yang Water/Fire, hence manifestations of exterior/interior Yin-Yang. Yang is exterior, Yin is interior. Niu Zhe refers to epilepsy and tetany. Frequent/severe torsion indicates exhaustion of Essence-Yang Qi and is fatal. Shaoyin stores body fluids, nourishing sinews and benefiting joints. Yang Qi softens and nourishes sinews. Exhaustion of Essence-Yang Qi leads to death. The Shen month is the seventh lunar month, generating Yin Qi, governing Left-Foot Shaoyin, hence Bi syndrome of Early Autumn. Shang Yugong stated: Shaoyin Qi follows both Root and Mark. *Ci Jing Pian* says: Heart distributes to exterior, Kidney treats interior. Shaoyin is Root Yin and Mark Yang, Root Interior and Mark Exterior. Yu Borong stated: Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Taiyang sinews combine at the neck, an intersection of Zang-Fu Yin-Yang Qi. Disease in exterior/Yang involves Taiyang Qi, causing opisthotonos and inability to bend forward. Disease in interior/Yin involves Shaoyin Qi, causing inability to bend backward. In Shanghan disease, Taiyang presents with opisthotonos/tetany; Shaoyin presents with curling up.
The sinew channel of Foot-Jueyin originates above the big toe, ascending to bind anterior to the medial malleolus, following the lower leg, binding below the medial femoral condyle, ascending along the medial thigh, binding at the genitalia, and networking all sinews. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness in the big toe, anterior medial malleolus pain, medial condyle pain, medial thigh pain, spasms, and genital dysfunction. Injury internally causes impotence; injury to cold causes retraction; injury to heat causes flaccidity and protrusion without retraction. Treatment focuses on moving water and clearing Yin Qi. For spasms, treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Late Autumn.
The sinew channel of Foot-Jueyin originates at the Dacun acupoint of the big toe, follows the leg and thigh to bind at the genitalia, networking all sinews. The genitalia is the meeting of Zongjin. Jueyin governs sinews, hence connecting to all Three Yin and Three Yang sinews. Symptoms include pain, spasms, and genital dysfunction at passing/binding sites. Internal injury causes impotence; cold injury causes retraction; heat injury causes flaccid protrusion. Jueyin reveals Shaoyang Fire transformation from the Middle, hence differentiation of cold/heat. Below Metal Qi, Water Qi governs; advancing one step, Wood Qi governs. Jueyin Wood Qi originates from Water, hence treatment involves moving water to clear Jueyin Qi. For spasms in有形 (tangible) sinews, burning needle and rapid puncture are used. Shang Yugong stated: Two Yins exhausting is Jueyin. Yin extreme generates Yang. Jueyin intrinsic Qi has its own cold/heat transformations.
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyang originates above the little finger, binding at the wrist, ascending along the medial arm, binding posterior to the sharp bone of the elbow, responding to the little finger when tapped, entering and binding in the axilla. A collateral branch walks posteriorly along the axillary border, winds around the scapula, follows the neck emerging anterior to Foot-Taiyang, binding at the mastoid process behind the ear. A collateral branch enters the ear. The straight branch emerges above and below the ear, binds at the mandible, and attaches to the outer canthus. When diseased, symptoms include supportiveness in the little finger, pain posterior to the elbow sharp bone, pain entering the axilla along the medial arm, axillary pain, posterior axillary pain, scapular winding neck pain, tinnitus/pain in the ear pulling the mandible, prolonged eye closure before vision returns. Neck tendon stiffness causes sinew atrophy and neck swelling. Cold/Heat in the neck is treated with burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. Swelling is treated with repeated sharp needle puncture. The main branch ascends to Quya, follows the ear anteriorly, attaches to the outer canthus, ascends to the mandible, and binds at the temporal angle. Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness and spasms. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is called Bi syndrome of Mid-Summer.
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyang originates at the Shaoze acupoint of the little finger, follows the arm, elbow, shoulder, and neck, ascending to bind between the ear, mandible, and outer canthus. At passing/binding sites, it causes pain, swelling, and sinew atrophy. Cold/Heat in the neck is treated with burning needle and rapid puncture. Neck swelling is treated with sharp needle puncture. The main branch gives rise to collateral branches. Both main and collateral sinews attach to the outer canthus, representing sinew division and connection. The Wu month is the fifth lunar month, governing Taiyang, hence Bi syndrome of Mid-Summer. Shang Yugong stated: Above Taiyang, Cold Qi governs; above Shaoyin, Heat Qi governs. Hence, Hand-Taiyang has cold/heat in the neck; Hand-Shaoyin has Yin/Yang bowing/raising. One must know that the Twelve Sinew Channels correspond to the Six Qi of Three Yin and Three Yang, without distinction between Hand and Foot. Yu Borong stated: Taiyang disease presents with head/neck stiffness and aversion to cold. Cold/Heat in the neck is disease of Taiyang Qi, not Hand-Taiyang sinew pathology.
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyang originates at the tip of the ring finger, binding at the wrist, ascending along the arm, binding at the elbow, winding around the lateral elbow, ascending to the shoulder and neck, combining with Hand-Taiyang. A collateral branch enters the tongue root at the angle of the jaw. Another collateral branch ascends to Quya, follows the ear anteriorly, attaches to the outer canthus, ascends to the mandible, and binds at the temporal angle. Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness, spasms, and tongue rolling. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is named Bi syndrome of Late Summer.
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyang originates at the Guanchong acupoint of the ring finger, follows the wrist, arm, and elbow to the shoulder and neck. At the jaw angle, it enters the tongue root. A collateral branch ascends to Quya, follows the ear anteriorly, attaches to the outer canthus, ascends to the mandible, and binds at the frontal angle. Symptoms at passing sites include branching spasms and tongue rolling. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion, taking the painful point as the Shu point. The Wei month is the sixth lunar month, when Shaoyang governs Qi, hence Bi syndrome of Late Summer.
The sinew channel of Hand-Yangming originates at the tip of the index finger, binding at the wrist, ascending along the arm, binding at the lateral upper elbow, binding at the shoulder peak. A collateral branch winds around the scapula and flanks the spine. The straight branch goes from the shoulder to the neck. A collateral branch ascends to the cheek, binding at the chin. The straight branch emerges anterior to Hand-Taiyang, ascends to the left corner networking the head, and descends to the right mandible. Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness pain and spasms, inability to raise the shoulder, and inability to turn the head left/right. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is named Bi syndrome of Early Summer.
The sinew channel of Hand-Yangming originates between the Shangyang acupoints of the index finger, follows the wrist, arm, and elbow to the shoulder and neck, binding at the shoulder peak, networking the chin. Symptoms at passing/binding sites include supportiveness pain and spasms, inability to raise the shoulder, and inability to look back. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture. The third and fourth months represent the combination of two Yangs, hence Bi syndrome of Early Summer.
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyin originates above the thumb, ascending along the finger, binding posterior to the Thenar eminence, running along the lateral Cun Kou, ascending along the arm, binding at the elbow, ascending along the medial arm, entering the axilla, descending out of the supraclavicular fossa, binding anterior to the shoulder, ascending to bind at the supraclavicular fossa, descending to bind in the chest interior, scattering through the贲 (Ben/Gastro-cardiac junction), merging at Ben descending to the costal margin. Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness, spasmodic pain, progressing to Xiben (asthma/gasping), rib tightness, and hemoptysis. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is named Bi syndrome of Mid-Winter. ("Ben" sounds like "Ben").
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyin originates between the Shaoshang acupoints of the thumb, follows the arm and elbow up, enters the axilla, binds anterior to the shoulder, ascends to bind at the supraclavicular fossa, descends to bind in the chest interior, scatters through the gastro-cardiac junction, merges at the junction descending to the costal margin. Symptoms at sinew passing sites include supportiveness, spasmodic pain, progressing to Xiben, rib tightness, and hemoptysis. The Twelve Sinew Channels combine with Yin-Yang Six Qi; Qi rebellion causes gasping/Xiben, and blood follows Qi rebellion causing hemoptysis. The Zi month is the eleventh lunar month, Taiyin governs Qi, hence Bi syndrome of Mid-Winter.
The sinew channel of Hand-Zhongying (Pericardium) originates at the middle finger, running parallel with the Taiyin sinew, binding at the medial elbow, ascending the medial arm, binding in the axilla, scattering anteriorly and posteriorly flanking the ribs. A collateral branch enters the axilla, scatters in the chest, and binds at the贲 (Ben). Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness, spasms, anterior chest pain, and Xiben. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. This is named Bi syndrome of Early Winter. ("Bi" should be "Ben", "Ben" reads as "Bi").
The sinew channel of Hand-Zhongying originates between the Zhongchong acupoints of the middle finger, running parallel with Hand-Taiyin sinew, following the ribs and axilla, scattering in the chest, descending to bind at the gastro-cardiac junction. Symptoms at sinew passing/binding sites include spasms and anterior chest pain. Scattering in the chest and binding at Ben causes Xiben. The Hai month is the tenth lunar month, governing the exhaustion of two Yins, hence Bi syndrome of Early Winter. Shang Yugong stated: On the foot it is Jueyin; on the hand it is Xin Zhu (Pericardium). The Qi of Three Yin and Three Yang is born below and rooted in the foot. The Six Meridians of the foot ascend to combine with the hand.
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyin originates at the medial side of the little finger, binding at the sharp bone, ascending to bind at the medial elbow, entering the axilla, crossing Taiyin, flanking the breast interior, binding in the chest, following the arm down to tie at the umbilicus. Symptoms include interior urgency, heart bearing Fuliang (mass), and lower forming Elu Wang (net). Symptoms at passing sites include supportiveness, spasms, and tendon pain. Treatment involves burning needle and rapid puncture, using recovery as the criterion and the painful point as the Shu point. Fuliang with expectoration of pus and blood is fatal and untreatable. Sinew diseases: Cold causes reverse bending and tendon stiffness; heat causes tendon flaccidity and failure to retract, impotence. Yang stiffness causes reverse bending; Yin stiffness prevents bending forward. Puncturing treats cold stiffness. Heat causes flaccidity; burning needles are contraindicated. This is named Bi syndrome of Late Winter.
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyin originates between the Shaochong acupoints on the lateral side of the little finger, follows the elbow and axilla, crosses Hand-Taiyin sinew, flanks the breast interior, binds in the chest, and follows the arm down.