而可使溃坚也。必伏其所主之病。而先其所因。则可使气和而病可必已矣。）帝曰。善。气调而得者何如。岐伯曰。逆之
从之。逆而从之。从而逆之。疏气令调。则其道也。（此论调气之逆从也。气调而得者。谓得其逆从之道。而使其气之调
也。如气之从于上下者宜逆之。逆于上下者宜从之。盖阳气在上。阴气在下。气之从也。阳气下行。阴气上行。气之逆
也。是气之不可不从。而又不可不逆者也。是以气之从者。逆而从之。气之逆者。从而逆之。令其阴阳之气。上下和调。
此逆从调气之道也。上节论治病之逆从。此节论调气之逆从。徐东屏曰。即此可以意会通塞之义。不必过于远求。）帝曰。
善。病之中外何如。（夫病之有因于外邪者。有因于内伤者。有感于外邪而兼之内有病者。有内有病机而又重感于外邪者。
岁运七篇。统论外因之邪病。此章复论内因之病机。然又有外内之兼病者。故帝复有此问焉。）岐伯曰。从内之外者。调
其内。从外之内者。治其外。从内之外而盛于外者。先调其内而后治其外。从外之内而盛于内者。先治其外而后调其内。
中外不相及。则治主病。（从内之外者。内因之病而发于外也。故当调其内。从外之内者。外因之病而及于内也。故当治
其外。从内之外而盛于外者。此内因之病。发于外而与外邪相合。故盛于外也。是当先调其内病。而后治其外邪。从外
之内而盛于内者。此外因之邪。及于内而与内病相合。故盛于内也。又当先治其外邪。而后调其内病。此调治内外之要
法也。如止内有病而不感外邪。或止感外邪而无内病。中外不相及者。则当治其主病焉。王子律曰。内因之病。脏腑之
气病也。故当调之。外因之病。六淫之邪也。故曰治之。）帝曰。善。火热。复恶寒发热。有如疟状。或一日发。或间数
日发。其故何也。岐伯曰。胜复之气。会遇之时。有多少也。阴气多而阳气少。则其发日远。阳气多而阴气少。则其发
日近。此胜复相薄。盛衰之节。疟亦同法。（此复论人身中之阴阳外内也。火热者。因火热而为病。夫火热伤气。此言病
在气而不在经也。复恶寒发热。有如疟状者。此阴阳外内之相乘也。夫阳在外。阴往乘之。则恶寒。阴在内。阳往乘之。
则发热也。或一日发。或间数日发者。此阴阳胜复之气。会遇之时有多少也。如阴气多而阳气少。则火热留于阴久。故
其发日远。如阳气多而阴气少。则热随阳气而常盛于外。故其发日近。此阴阳胜复之作。盛衰之有节耳。夫疟者。感外
淫之邪病也。此章论人身中之阴阳。外内相乘。与外因不相干涉。盖以证明上节之外内。乃外因之外。内因之内。与此
章之不同也。故曰。疟亦同法。言病邪之疟。亦如阴阳胜复之相薄。阴乘阳而阳乘阴也。）帝曰。论言治寒以热。治热以
寒。而方士不能废绳墨而更其道也。有病热者。寒之而热。有病寒者。热之而寒。二者皆在。新病复起。奈何治。岐伯
曰。诸寒之而热者取之阴。热之而寒者取之阳。所谓求其属也。（此言用寒热之不应者。更有治之法也。夫寒之而不寒者。
真阴之不足也。热之而不热者。真阳之不足也。是以病不解而久用寒热。偏胜之病反生。故当求其属以衰之。属。类也。
谓五脏同类之水火寒热也。取之阴取之阳者。谓当补其阴而补其阳也。夫以寒治热。以热治寒。此平治之法也。补阴以
胜热。补阳以胜寒。乃反佐之道也。）帝曰。善。服寒而反热。服热而反寒。其故何也。岐伯曰。治其王气。是以反也。
帝曰。不治王而然者。何也。岐伯曰。悉乎哉问也。不治五味属也。夫五味入胃。各归所喜攻。酸先入肝。苦先入心。
甘先入脾。辛先入肺。咸先入肾。入而增气。物化之常也。气增而久。夭之由也。（王去声。此言气味之不可偏用者也。
夫四时有寒热温凉之气。五脏有酸苦辛咸之味。五味四气。皆当和调而用之。若偏用。则有偏胜之患矣。故偏用其寒。
则冬令之寒气王矣。是以服寒而反寒。如偏用其热。则夏令之热气王矣。是以服寒而反热。此用气之偏而不和者也。如
偏用其苦。则苦走心而火气盛矣。如偏用其咸。则咸走肾而水气盛矣。此用味之偏而不调者也。凡物之五味。以化生五
气。味久则增气。气增则阴阳有偏胜偏绝之患矣。盖甚言其气味之不可偏用者也。徐东屏曰。味久则增气。是寒热之气。
更不可偏用。）帝曰。善。方制君臣。何谓也。岐伯曰。主病之谓君。佐君之谓臣。应臣之谓使。非上下三品之谓也。帝
曰。三品何谓。岐伯曰。所以明善恶之殊贯也。（善恶殊贯。谓药有有毒无毒之分。按神农本草。计三百六十种。以上品
一百二十种为君。主养命以应天。无毒。多服久服不伤人。欲益气延年。轻身神仙者本上品。以中品一百二十种为臣。
主养性以应人。有毒无毒。斟酌其宜。欲治病补虚羸者主中品。以下品一百二十种为佐使。以应地。多毒。不可久服。
欲除寒热邪气。破积聚。除痼疾者。本下品。本经所用气味。或用补以和调其血气。或用泻以平治其淫邪。是以主病之
为君。佐君之为臣。应臣之为使。非神农氏上下三品之谓也。二帝各有其妙用焉。）帝曰。善。病之中外何如。岐伯曰。
调气之方。必别阴阳。定其中外。各守其乡。内者内治。外者外治。微者调之。其次平之。盛者夺之。汗之下之。寒热
温凉。衰之以属。随其攸利。谨道如法。万举万全。气血正平。长有天命。帝曰。善。（此总结外内之义。按本篇前数章。
统论外淫之邪。末章复论内因之病。其间又有外内之交感者。各有调治之法焉。致于气之寒热温凉。味之咸酸辛苦。皆
调以和平。随其攸利。谨道如法。万举万全。故能使血气正平。而长有天命也。）
It can cause the resolution of hard accumulations. One must subdue the disease that governs the condition and address its etiology first; thus, the Qi can be harmonized, and the disease will certainly be cured.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. What is meant by obtaining results through regulating Qi? Qibo said: Treating contrary to or in accordance with the pathological trend, or treating contrary then in accordance, or in accordance then contrary, and unblocking the Qi to make it harmonious, this is the correct approach. (This section discusses the principles of contrariety and conformity in regulating Qi. "Obtaining results through regulating Qi" refers to mastering the laws of Qi's movement (contrary or conforming) to achieve harmony. For instance, if Qi moves normally from upper to lower, one should treat it contrarily; if Qi moves abnormally (rebelliously), one should treat it conformingly. Since Yang Qi naturally resides above and Yin Qi below, this is the normal direction; if Yang descends and Yin ascends, it is rebellious. Therefore, Qi must not only follow its nature but also be regulated. Thus, for conforming Qi, apply contrary treatment; for rebellious Qi, apply conforming guidance, so that Yin and Yang Qi harmonize above and below. This is the method of regulating Qi through contrariety and conformity. The previous section discussed contrariety and conformity in treating diseases; this section discusses them in regulating Qi. Xu Dongping stated: From this, one can intuitively understand the meaning of obstruction and patency, without seeking too far.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How do diseases involving the interior and exterior present themselves? (Diseases may arise from external pathogens, internal injuries, external pathogens combined with internal disorders, or internal pathogenesis compounded by external pathogens. The Seven Chapters on Annual Movements generally discuss diseases caused by external factors; this chapter further discusses pathogenesis from internal factors. However, there are cases of simultaneous internal and external involvement, hence the Emperor's question.) Qibo said: When a disease originates internally and manifests externally, regulate the interior. When a disease originates externally and affects the interior, treat the exterior. When a disease originates internally and becomes severe externally, first regulate the interior, then treat the exterior. When a disease originates externally and becomes severe internally, first treat the exterior, then regulate the interior. If the interior and exterior are unrelated, treat the primary disease. (Originating internally and manifesting externally indicates an internal cause affecting the surface, so regulate the interior. Originating externally and affecting the interior indicates an external cause affecting the viscera, so treat the exterior. When originating internally and becoming severe externally, the internal disease combines with external pathogens, manifesting severely outside; thus, treat the internal disease first, then the external pathogen. When originating externally and becoming severe internally, the external pathogen invades the interior and combines with internal disease, manifesting severely inside; thus, treat the external pathogen first, then regulate the internal disease. These are key methods for treating internal and external conditions. If there is only internal disease without external pathogens, or only external pathogens without internal disease, i.e., no interaction between interior and exterior, then treat the primary pathology. Wang Zilü stated: Internal diseases involve dysfunction of Zang-Fu Qi, so they require regulation. External diseases involve Six Excesses (Liu Yin), so they require treatment.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. There is heat and fire, followed by aversion to cold and fever, resembling Malaria (Nue). Sometimes it occurs daily, sometimes every few days. What is the reason? Qibo said: When the Victorious Qi (Sheng) and Repaying Qi (Fu) meet, their quantities vary. If Yin Qi is abundant and Yang Qi is scarce, the interval between attacks is long. If Yang Qi is abundant and Yin Qi is scarce, the interval is short. This is due to the mutual contention of Sheng and Fu, with fluctuations in excess and deficiency following a rhythm; Malaria follows the same principle. (This section further discusses the Yin-Yang and interior-exterior dynamics within the body. "Heat and fire" refers to illness caused by Heat-Fire pathogens. Heat-Fire damages Qi, indicating the pathology is in the Qi level rather than the meridians. Subsequent aversion to cold and fever, resembling Malaria, results from the mutual invasion of Yin and Yang in the interior and exterior. When Yang is on the exterior and Yin invades it, there is aversion to cold; when Yin is in the interior and Yang invades it, there is fever. Variations in frequency (daily or intermittent) depend on the timing and quantity of the meeting between Sheng and Fu Qi. If Yin is abundant and Yang scarce, Heat remains in the Yin aspect longer, leading to longer intervals. If Yang is abundant and Yin scarce, Heat follows Yang and stays strong on the exterior, leading to shorter intervals. This reflects the rhythmic nature of Yin-Yang Sheng-Fu dynamics. Malaria itself is caused by external Excess pathogens. This chapter discusses internal Yin-Yang mutual invasion, distinct from external causes, clarifying that the "exterior" and "interior" mentioned earlier refer to external causes and internal pathogenesis respectively, differing from this chapter's context. Hence, "Malaria follows the same principle," meaning Malaria pathogens also involve Yin invading Yang and Yang invading Yin.) The Yellow Emperor said: Texts state that Cold diseases are treated with Heat, and Heat diseases with Cold. Practitioners cannot abandon these rules. Yet, some patients with Heat diseases remain hot after Cold treatment; those with Cold diseases remain cold after Heat treatment. Both conditions persist, and new diseases arise. How should they be treated? Qibo said: For cases where Cold treatment fails to reduce Heat, treat the Yin. For cases where Heat treatment fails to reduce Cold, treat the Yang. This is called seeking the root category. (This section addresses situations where standard Hot/Cold treatments fail. Failure of Cold treatment to resolve Cold indicates True Yin deficiency. Failure of Heat treatment to resolve Heat indicates True Yang deficiency. Prolonged use of Hot/Cold drugs without resolution leads to excessive deviation, so one must seek the underlying category to reduce the pathology. "Category" refers to the correspondence of Water/Fire and Hot/Cold within the Five Zang organs. "Treating Yin/Yang" here implies tonifying Yin and Yang. Using Cold to treat Heat and Heat to treat Cold is the standard method. Tonifying Yin to overcome Heat and tonifying Yang to overcome Cold represents the method of counter-assistance.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. Why does taking Cold medicine result in increased Heat, and taking Heat medicine result in increased Cold? Qibo said: Because only the Sovereign Qi (Wang Qi) was treated, causing the reversal. The Yellow Emperor said: What if the Sovereign Qi is not treated, yet this happens? Qibo said: You ask thoroughly! It is because the categories of the Five Flavors were not considered. The Five Flavors enter the Stomach and each goes to its preferred organ. Sour enters the Liver first, Bitter enters the Heart first, Sweet enters the Spleen first, Acrid enters the Lung first, Salty enters the Kidney first. Entering and increasing the corresponding Qi is the normal transformation. Long-term increase of Qi leads to premature death. ("Wang" is pronounced as a falling tone. This section warns against the biased use of flavors and temperatures. The Four Seasons have Cold/Hot/Warm/Cool energies; the Five Zang have Sour/Bitter/Acrid/Salty/Pungent flavors. These should be used in harmony. Biased use leads to excess. Biased use of Cold makes Winter Coldness dominate, causing Cold intake to worsen Cold. Biased use of Heat makes Summer Heat dominate, causing Heat intake to worsen Heat. This is imbalance in using energies. Biased use of Bitter increases Heart Fire; biased use of Salty increases Kidney Water. This is imbalance in using flavors. All Five Flavors generate Five Qi; prolonged flavor intake increases Qi, leading to Yin-Yang excess or depletion. This emphasizes that flavors and energies must not be used biasedly. Xu Dongping noted: Since prolonged flavor intake increases Qi, Cold/Hot energies must especially not be used biasedly.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. What is meant by the Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi (Sovereign-Minister-Assistant-Envoy) structure of prescriptions? Qibo said: The herb that treats the main disease is the Sovereign (Jun); that which assists the Sovereign is the Minister (Chen); that which coordinates with the Minister is the Envoy (Shi). This does not refer to the Upper, Middle, and Lower grades. The Yellow Emperor said: What are the three grades? Qibo said: They clarify the distinction between beneficial and harmful properties. (Beneficial and harmful distinctions refer to toxicity. According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, there are 360 herbs. The 120 Upper Grade herbs are Sovereigns, nourishing life to correspond to Heaven, non-toxic, safe for long-term use, aimed at extending life and immortality. The 120 Middle Grade herbs are Ministers, nourishing nature to correspond to Humanity, varying in toxicity, used for treating disease and tonifying weakness. The 120 Lower Grade herbs are Assistants/Envoys, corresponding to Earth, highly toxic, not for long-term use, aimed at eliminating exogenous pathogens, breaking accumulations, and curing chronic diseases. The herbs in this classic are used either to tonify and harmonize Blood/Qi or to purge and calm excess pathogens. Thus, the herb treating the main disease is Sovereign, assisting herbs are Ministers, and coordinating herbs are Envoys, distinct from the Shennong classification. Each Emperor's teaching has its unique application.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How do diseases involving the interior and exterior present themselves? Qibo said: In regulating Qi, one must distinguish Yin and Yang, determine the interior and exterior, and respect their respective domains. Interior diseases are treated from the interior; exterior diseases are treated from the exterior. Mild cases are regulated; moderate cases are balanced; severe cases are drained using sweating or purging methods. Using Cold, Heat, Warm, or Cool therapies, reduce pathology according to its category, following what is beneficial. Adhering strictly to the Dao and methods ensures success in every attempt, maintaining balanced Qi and Blood, thereby prolonging life. The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. (This section summarizes the principles of interior and exterior. Previous chapters discussed exogenous pathogens; the final chapter discusses endogenous pathogenesis, including interactions between interior and exterior, each with specific regulatory methods. Regarding the Cold/Hot/Warm/Cool of Qi and Sour/Bitter/Acrid/Salty of flavors, all are harmonized peacefully, following benefits, adhering to the Dao, ensuring success, balancing Qi and Blood, and prolonging life.)