凡出水痘先十数点，一日后其顶尖上有水泡，二日三日又出渐多，四日浑身作痒，疮
头皆破，微加壮热即收矣，但有此痘须忌发物，七八日乃痊。
水痘亦有类伤寒之状，身热二三日而出者，或咳嗽面赤，眼光如水，或喷嚏，或流涕，
但与正痘不同，易出亦易靥，治以清热解毒为主。
周氏慎斋曰∶麻初出于阴而传于阳，人之一身，惟火甚速，肺金居上，畏火者也。脾土居
中，畏木者也。火炎上则肺有亏矣，火宜发之。疏通血脉，滋润皮毛，而肺无伤则左肾足，木
得其润泽，肝血润则脾血藏，脾阴又何伤乎。脾通血脉，胃主四肢，胃气上升，肺津乃降，滋
生元气，万物生长。心之神化，脾得其真，火化从何起。盖火是邪，邪从虚起，有余易去，不足
难扶。未出之先，肺先受邪，当发其表，邪从汗散。假如求汗不至，或汗多，疹或隐或见凶。皆
是元气不足，脾虚不统故也。当补脾阴之不足，血药之中少加参桂亦无害也。庸医未见其
理，谓麻宜清凉，痘宜温补，痘有先清后补之别，则麻无有温之之意。求汗不至，不可再攻，
攻则化而为火，肺热无救，一也。未出或已出，自汗吐下，真气已伤，脾肺先受害也。麻以二
藏为主，切宜斟酌，再无汗吐下也。胃喜湿热而上升，清气下陷，小便赤而渴者，葛根前胡
桔梗甘草牛蒡连翘木通之类；或饮食所伤，腹痛泄泻，小便清而不渴，属寒，五苓加神曲山
楂砂仁之类。或吐下无汗，不可再攻，宜缓候待养，得神至自和，不可不察。元气虚弱，照根据
常例行之，医死而不悔者多矣。自经汗吐下者十余日不退，久病无阳，宜阳生阴长，四物加
参可也。热甚加沙参，不可过用寒凉，过用则脾气绝，二也。出作二次而不齐者，已出者，宜
养芽不使枯槁，用芎归赤芍木通，未出者，宜表，苏葛加前胡桔梗牛蒡，喉痛加元参，或血
经妄行宜犀角地黄汤或升麻葛根汤加沉香栀子连翘之属，切莫忘阴而攻表以成阴血动，三
也。麻不宜发绽，绽者凶。亦不宜隐，隐而不现无神者毙。出未至足，便作出尽，不行消毒，
纯用寒凉，使阴血凝滞而阴不发越热，传于血室，或吐或下或热郁于内，变成疳劳，或一月
二月而安，或传而至死，四也。已出三四日而下没者，内有热也，四物加芩连栀子木通，七
八日后有热内虚而邪盛不散，当扶正以却邪，宜养阴以滋脾肺，使无克胜，黄芩白芍灯心人
参沙参天冬麦冬当归山药莲子，烦加竹叶枣仁，看轻重加减治之，不养阴而误滋阴，五也。
痰涎涌甚谵语发渴属里，宜救阴宜白虎汤，若用消毒饮疏散正气，肺绝而亡，六也。大便闭
经血燥，宜用芎归汤加红花麻仁，因血虚不能
养肝，胃气不能上升故也。而反用柴胡泻肝血致肾绝，七也。出一二日满口细疮，全无空地，
火郁宜发之，消毒散加甘草桔梗牛蒡连翘，如反纯用寒凉逼毒内攻，八也。靥后口内黑点疮
者，凶，恐胃烂不治，或一月半月余热不退，发渴属虚，宜生脉散兼四物汤调养气血不致干
涸，但久病无阳莫根据常例，治之致脾虚不食，或四五六日口舌硬疮，变成疳疾，或致胃烂，
宜消毒，甘桔加元参沙参炮姜，如反用白虎损伤胃气，九也。麻后痢只因脾虚不醒宜用芎
归，白痢煨生姜，赤痢香连丸，切莫大下，泻痢不愈，宜大补气血，若大下则泄尽元气，黄胀而死，十也。
发表一节冬用麻黄羌活白芷并消毒饮。春夏用苏葛汤加连翘甘草桔梗。喉痛加牛蒡。
四季前胡贝母不可缺。升麻恐升其毒凑咽，不可轻用；若患泄泻则气下陷宜用之。呕用陈皮
贝母姜汁竹茹。前后咳嗽乃风寒所感，宜表中祛邪，过于清者，绝胃家生发之气，过于补者
动胃火，二者皆非疹之正治，惟补阳中之阴，随证施治，莫偏于寒莫偏于热，则元气足，易
起易发，若元气衰则毒郁于表，表热而火土涸，真阴绝，而不救矣。
凡是出水痘，起初先出现十多个斑点，一天后其顶端出现水泡，第二、三天又逐渐增多，第四天全身发痒，疮头全部破裂，稍微加重壮热症状就会收敛愈合。但是患有这种水痘必须忌食发物，经过七八天才能痊愈。
水痘也有类似伤寒的症状，身体发热二三天后出疹的，或者伴有咳嗽、面色红赤、眼睛流泪如水，或者打喷嚏、流鼻涕，但与普通天花不同，容易发出也容易结痂，治疗以清热解毒为主。
周慎斋说：麻疹初起从阴经传出而传至阳经，人的一身之中，只有火邪发作迅速。肺金位于上部，畏惧火邪；脾土位于中部，畏惧木邪。火炎上则肺气受损，火邪应当发散。疏通血脉，滋润皮毛，那么肺就不会受伤，左肾得以充足，肝木得到润泽，肝血滋润则脾血能藏，脾阴又怎么会受伤呢？脾通血脉，胃主四肢，胃气上升，肺津下降，滋生元气，万物生长。心的神化功能，脾得其真元，火化从何而起？大概火是邪气，邪气从虚处产生，有余（实证）容易去除，不足（虚证）难以扶持。在皮疹未出之前，肺先受邪，应当发散表邪，使邪气随汗液排出。假如求汗不出，或者汗出过多，皮疹或隐没或显现，都是凶兆。这都是因为元气不足，脾虚不能统摄血液的缘故。应当补益脾阴之不足，在补血药中少加人参、桂枝也无妨害。庸医不明白这个道理，认为麻疹宜用清凉药，天花宜用温补药，天花有先清后补的区别，那么麻疹就没有温补的意思。求汗不出，不可再行攻伐，攻伐则化为火邪，导致肺热无法救治，这是一点。皮疹未出或已出，自汗、呕吐、泻下，真气已经受伤，脾肺先受害。麻疹以脾肺两脏为主，切宜斟酌，再无汗、吐、下的禁忌。胃喜湿热而气机上升，若清气下陷，小便赤涩且口渴的，可用葛根、前胡、桔梗、甘草、牛蒡子、连翘、木通之类；或因饮食所伤，腹痛泄泻，小便清而不渴，属寒证，可用五苓散加神曲、山楂、砂仁之类。或者因吐下导致无汗，不可再行攻伐，宜缓候调养，待神气恢复自然调和，不可不察。元气虚弱，按照常规例子治疗的，医生治死人而不后悔的很多了。经过汗、吐、下法治疗十余日不退的，久病阳气不足，宜阳生阴长，可用四物汤加人参。热甚加沙参，不可过用寒凉药，过用则脾气绝灭，这是第二点。出疹分两次且不齐整的，已出的，宜养护芽口不使其枯槁，用川芎、当归、赤芍、木通；未出的，宜解表，用苏葛汤加前胡、桔梗、牛蒡子，喉痛加玄参，或者血经妄行宜用犀角地黄汤或升麻葛根汤加沉香、栀子、连翘之类，切记不要只顾滋阴而攻伐表邪以致阴血妄动，这是第三点。麻疹不宜发绽，发绽者凶险。也不宜隐没，隐没而不现、无神气的会死亡。出疹未到足部，便作出尽的样子，不行消毒，纯用寒凉药，使阴血凝滞而阴气不发越，热邪传入血室，或者呕吐、或者泻下、或者热郁于内，变成疳劳，或者一月二月而安，或者传变致死，这是第四点。出疹三四日后消退下去的，内有热邪，用四物汤加黄芩、黄连、栀子、木通；七八日后有热、内虚而邪盛不散，当扶正以驱邪，宜养阴以滋脾肺，使无克胜之势，用黄芩、白芍、灯心草、人参、沙参、天冬、麦冬、当归、山药、莲子，烦躁加竹叶、枣仁，看轻重加减治疗，不养阴而误用滋阴药，这是第五点。痰涎涌盛、谵语、发渴属于里证，宜救阴，用白虎汤，若用消毒饮疏散正气，会导致肺绝而亡，这是第六点。大便闭结、经血燥涩，宜用芎归汤加红花、麻仁，因为血虚不能养肝，胃气不能上升的缘故。反而用柴胡泻肝血导致肾绝，这是第七点。出一二日满口细疮，全无空地，火郁宜发散，用消毒散加甘草、桔梗、牛蒡子、连翘，如果反而纯用寒凉药逼毒内攻，这是第八点。结痂后口内黑点疮的，凶险，恐怕胃烂不治，或者一月半月余热不退，发渴属虚证，宜用生脉散兼四物汤调养气血不致干涸，但久病无阳不要根据常例，治疗导致脾虚不食，或者四五六日口舌硬疮，变成疳疾，或者导致胃烂，宜用消毒散，甘桔汤加玄参、沙参、炮姜，如果反而用白虎汤损伤胃气，这是第九点。麻疹后痢疾只因脾虚不醒，宜用芎归汤，白痢用煨生姜，赤痢用香连丸，切记不可大下，泻痢不愈，宜大补气血，若大下则泄尽元气，导致黄胀而死，这是第十点。
发表（解表）一节，冬季用麻黄、羌活、白芷并消毒饮。春夏用苏葛汤加连翘、甘草、桔梗。喉痛加牛蒡子。四季前胡、贝母不可缺。升麻恐升其毒凑咽，不可轻用；若患泄泻则气下陷宜用之。呕吐用陈皮、贝母、姜汁、竹茹。前后咳嗽乃风寒所感，宜表中祛邪，过于清者，绝胃家生发之气，过于补者动胃火，二者皆非疹之正治，惟补阳中之阴，随证施治，莫偏于寒莫偏于热，则元气足，易起易发，若元气衰则毒郁于表，表热而火土涸，真阴绝，而不救矣。
Whenever waterpox (Shuidou) appears, initially ten or so spots emerge. After one day, vesicles appear on the tips of these spots. On the second and third days, more spots gradually emerge. By the fourth day, the whole body itches, the pustule heads all rupture, and with a slight increase in high fever, they will scab over and heal. However, patients with this type of pox must avoid "fa-wu" (hair-raising foods/trigger foods), and recovery takes seven to eight days.
Waterpox also presents symptoms similar to Shanghan (Cold Damage). When fever lasts for two or three days before eruption, accompanied by coughing, flushed face, watery eyes, sneezing, or runny nose, it differs from regular smallpox. It is easy to erupt and easy to resolve; treatment focuses on clearing heat and detoxifying.
Zhou Shenzhai stated: Ma (Measles) initially emerges from the Yin meridians and transmits to the Yang meridians. In the human body, Fire pathogenic factors act rapidly. Metal of the Lung resides superiorly and fears Fire; Earth of the Spleen resides centrally and fears Wood. If Fire flares upward, Lung Qi is impaired; thus, Fire should be dispersed. By unblocking blood vessels and moistening skin and hair, the Lung remains uninjured, allowing the Left Kidney to be sufficient. Wood receives nourishment, Liver Blood becomes moist, and Spleen Blood can be stored, so how could Spleen Yin be injured? The Spleen connects blood vessels, and the Stomach governs the four limbs. When Stomach Qi rises, Lung fluids descend, generating Yuan Qi (Primal Qi), allowing all things to grow. The Spirit transformation of the Heart relies on the Spleen obtaining its true essence; where does Fire transformation arise? Generally, Fire is a pathogen arising from deficiency. Excess patterns are easy to remove, but deficiency is difficult to support. Before eruption, the Lung is first affected by pathogens, so the exterior should be released, allowing pathogens to scatter through sweat. If sweat cannot be induced, or if sweating is excessive, and measles appear intermittently or remain hidden, it is an ominous sign. This is due to insufficient Yuan Qi and Spleen deficiency failing to control blood. One should tonify the insufficiency of Spleen Yin; adding a small amount of Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) among blood-nourishing herbs is harmless. Quack doctors do not understand this principle, believing that measles should be treated with cooling herbs and smallpox with warming and tonifying herbs. Since smallpox has distinctions between initial clearing and subsequent tonifying, they assume no such warming intent exists for measles. If sweat cannot be induced, further purgation should not be used; purging transforms into Fire, leading to incurable Lung Heat—this is point one. If spontaneous sweating, vomiting, or purgation occur before or after eruption, Zhen Qi (True Qi) is already damaged, harming the Spleen and Lung first. Measles primarily involve the Spleen and Lung; careful consideration is required regarding contraindications of sweating, vomiting, and purgation. The Stomach prefers damp-heat and ascending Qi. If clear Qi sinks, presenting with dark urine and thirst, use Gegen (Puerariae Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), etc. If injury is due to diet, presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, clear urine, and no thirst, it is a Cold pattern; use Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) plus Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), and Sharen (Amomi Fructus). Or if vomiting/purgation led to no sweat, do not purge again; instead, wait patiently for nourishment until Shen recovers and harmony returns—this must not be overlooked. Many doctors who treat weak Yuan Qi according to standard protocols kill patients without remorse. For cases persisting over ten days after sweating, vomiting, or purgation, indicating chronic illness with Yang deficiency, promote Yang generation and Yin growth using Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Renshen. Add Shashen (Glehniae Radix) for severe heat; do not overuse cold herbs, as this destroys Spleen Qi—this is point two. For eruptions occurring in two waves unevenly: for those already erupted, nourish the buds to prevent withering using Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), and Mutong; for those not yet erupted, release the exterior using Sugge Tang (Perilla and Kudzu Decoction) plus Qianhu, Jiegeng, and Niubangzi. Add Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) for sore throat. If blood vessels bleed recklessly, use Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) or Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae and Kudzu Decoction) plus Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), and Lianqiao. Do not neglect Yin while attacking the exterior, causing Yin-Blood to move recklessly—this is point three. Measles should not burst open; bursting is ominous. They should not remain hidden; hidden and spiritless leads to death. If eruptions do not reach the feet but appear complete, and disinfection is not performed, using purely cold herbs causes Yin-Blood stagnation and prevents Yin from venting, allowing Heat to transmit to the Blood Chamber. This may lead to vomiting, purgation, or internal Heat stagnation transforming into Gan Lao (Childhood Malnutrition/Tuberculosis-like syndrome), resolving in one or two months, or progressing to death—this is point four. If eruptions subside after three or four days, there is internal Heat; use Siwu Tang plus Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zhizi, and Mutong. After seven or eight days, if Heat persists with internal deficiency and strong pathogens remaining, support Righteous Qi to expel Pathogens; nourish Yin to moisten Spleen and Lung, preventing mutual destruction, using Huangqin, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Dengxincao (Junci Medulla), Renshen, Shashen, Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Danggui, Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen). Add Zhuye (Bambusae Folium) and Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen) for irritability; adjust based on severity. Failing to nourish Yin and mistakenly using Yin-nourishing methods is error five. Profuse phlegm-saliva, delirium, and thirst indicate interior patterns; rescue Yin using Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). Using Xiaodu Yin (Disinfecting Drink) to disperse Righteous Qi leads to Lung failure and death—error six. Constipation and dry menstrual blood require Xiong Gui Tang (Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction) plus Honghua (Carthami Flos) and Maren (Cannabis Seed), because Blood deficiency fails to nourish the Liver and Stomach Qi fails to ascend. Conversely, using Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to drain Liver Blood leads to Kidney failure—error seven. Fine sores covering the entire mouth within one or two days with no empty space indicate trapped Fire; disperse it using Xiaodu San (Disinfecting Powder) plus Gancao, Jiegeng, Niubangzi, and Lianqiao. Conversely, using purely cold herbs to force toxins inward is error eight. Black spots/craters inside the mouth after crusting is ominous, fearing gastric rot and untreatability. If residual heat persists for weeks with thirst indicating deficiency, use Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder) combined with Siwu Tang to nourish Qi and Blood preventing desiccation. However, for chronic illness lacking Yang, do not follow standard protocols blindly, as this causes Spleen deficiency and anorexia. Alternatively, hard sores on tongue/mouth on days 4-6 transform into Gan disease or gastric rot; use Xiaodu San, Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) plus Xuanshen, Shashen, and Paojiang (Prepared Ginger). Conversely, using Baihu Tang damages Stomach Qi—error nine. Post-measles dysentery is due to Spleen deficiency failing to awaken; use Xiong Gui Tang. For white dysentery, use Wei Jiangsheng (Roasted Fresh Ginger); for red dysentery, use Xianglian Wan (Fragrant Coptis Pill). Do not use drastic purgatives. If diarrhea/dysentery persists, greatly tonify Qi and Blood; drastic purgation drains Yuan Qi, leading to yellow distension and death—error ten.
For releasing the exterior: in Winter, use Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) and Xiaodu Yin. In Spring and Summer, use Sugge Tang plus Lianqiao, Gancao, and Jiegeng. Add Niubangzi for sore throat. Qianhu and Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) are indispensable in all seasons. Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) is feared to raise toxins to the throat and should not be used lightly; however, if diarrhea occurs causing Qi sinking, it should be used. For vomiting, use Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Beimu, Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice), and Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia). Coughing before and after indicates Wind-Cold invasion; release the interior to expel pathogens. Overly clearing herbs destroy the Stomach's generating Qi; overly tonifying herbs stir Stomach Fire. Neither is the correct treatment for rashes. Only by tonifying Yin within Yang and treating according to syndromes, avoiding bias toward cold or heat, will Yuan Qi be sufficient, making eruption and resolution easier. If Yuan Qi declines, toxins stagnate at the exterior, causing exterior Heat, drying up Fire and Earth, depleting True Yin, leading to incurable conditions.