外症寒热往来。但脉芤涩。日轻夜重。蓄于上焦。则衄血。善忘。嗽水不咽。胸胁腹皆
满
痛。谵语昏愦。谓之血结胸中。用犀角地黄汤。蓄于中焦。则头汗。发渴。发黄。用桃仁承
气汤。蓄于下焦。则如狂。便黑小腹急胀。按之则痛。用抵当汤丸。或用犀角地黄丸。加青
皮。大黄通用。小柴胡。加桃仁生地。兼栀子茵陈。一切血症药。此皆治法不易伤寒。有用
承气大下不解。反更兼善食者。瘀血也。所以打蹼伤损症。亦类伤寒。
犀角地黄汤
犀角 牡丹皮（各一钱） 白芍（一钱五分） 生地（三钱）
一方有当归钱半。如表热。加柴胡黄芩。鼻衄。加山栀。内热甚。加黄连。腹胀。或通
瘀血
未下。加桃仁红花。大黄。小腹急痛。加青皮。陶氏加甘草。桔梗。陈皮。红花。当归。姜
三片。临服入藕节汁三匙。调下。
紫雪
治发斑。谵语。蓄血。三阳症。烦躁。作狂。气喘。
赤金（十两） 升麻（六钱） 寒水石 石膏（各四两八钱） 犀角 羚羊角（各一两） 玄参
（一两六钱） 沉香 木香 丁香（各五钱） 甘草（八钱）
上以水五升。以赤金同升麻先煮至三升去金。入诸药再煎至一升滤去滓。投朴硝三两二
钱。微火煎熬。即成紫雪。
桃仁承气汤
大黄（四钱） 桃仁（三钱） 桂枝 芒硝（各二钱） 甘草（一钱）
上水煎温服。血尽为度。未尽再服。陶氏加枳壳。青皮。当归。芍药。柴胡。姜三片
临服入苏木一钱。煎二沸热服。
如伤寒犯内伤。食积蓄血。大便硬胀。不能言语神思尽脱。两目直视。手足僵仆。难以
下药者。将紫苏煎汤。用手巾泡热。绞干拥肚腹。及小腹上。轻轻探运。手巾渐冷即换热者。连
连探运。待宿粪硬块。或积血下。才可用药。如粪门结用蜜导法。
外感症状表现为寒热交替往来。如果脉象呈现芤脉或涩脉，且病情白天较轻、夜间加重，这是瘀血蓄积在上焦的表现，会出现鼻出血（衄血）、健忘、想喝水却不愿咽下、胸胁腹部胀满疼痛、胡言乱语及神志昏沉迷糊的症状，这被称为“血结胸中”，治疗应使用犀角地黄汤。
若瘀血蓄积在中焦，则会出现头部出汗、极度口渴、身体发黄的症状，治疗应使用桃仁承气汤。
若瘀血蓄积在下焦，则会出现如发狂般的躁动不安、大便色黑、小腹部拘急胀满、按压时疼痛的症状，治疗应使用抵当汤丸，或者使用犀角地黄丸，并加入青皮和大黄通用；也可用小柴胡汤，加入桃仁、生地黄，兼加栀子、茵陈。以上各类治血症的药物，都是治疗此类病症不变的方法，不同于伤寒病。有的情况是用承气汤峻下后病仍未解，反而出现食欲亢进的情况，这也是瘀血所致。因此，跌打损伤导致的病症，也类似于伤寒。
【犀角地黄汤】
药材：犀角、牡丹皮（各一钱），白芍（一钱五分），生地黄（三钱）。
另一配方中有当归半钱。如果伴有表热，加入柴胡、黄芩；如果是鼻出血，加入山栀；如果内热严重，加入黄连；如果腹胀，或者瘀血未下行，加入桃仁、红花、大黄；如果小腹部拘急疼痛，加入青皮。陶氏的配方中加入甘草、桔梗、陈皮、红花、当归、生姜三片。服药前加入藕节汁三匙，调匀服用。
【紫雪】
功效：治疗发斑、胡言乱语、蓄血、三阳经病症、烦躁、发狂、气喘。
药材：赤金（十两），升麻（六钱），寒水石、石膏（各四两八钱），犀角、羚羊角（各一两），玄参（一两六钱），沉香、木香、丁香（各五钱），甘草（八钱）。
制法：以上药物用五升水，将赤金与升麻先煮至三升，取出赤金，再加入其他药物煎煮至一升，过滤去渣滓。投入朴硝三两二钱，用微火煎熬，即制成紫雪。
【桃仁承气汤】
药材：大黄（四钱），桃仁（三钱），桂枝、芒硝（各二钱），甘草（一钱）。
用法：以上药物用水煎煮，温服。以瘀血排尽为度，若未尽可再服。陶氏的配方中加入枳壳、青皮、当归、芍药、柴胡、生姜三片。服药前加入苏木一钱，煎煮两沸后热服。
如果伤寒病误治导致内伤，饮食停滞和瘀血积聚，出现大便干硬胀满、不能言语、神思涣散脱失、两眼直视、手足僵硬仆倒、难以给药的情况。可用紫苏煎汤，用手巾浸泡热后，拧干敷在肚腹及小腹部，轻轻探运。手巾渐冷即更换热的，连续进行探运。待宿粪硬块或积血排出后，才可使用药物。如果肛门闭塞，采用蜜导法（蜂蜜栓剂通便法）。
The external symptoms manifest as alternating chills and fever (Han Re Wang Lai). If the pulse is Khao (Hollow) or Se (Choppy), and the condition is lighter during the day but heavier at night, this indicates Blood Stasis (Yu Xue) accumulating in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner). Symptoms include epistaxis (Nu Xue), forgetfulness, a desire to rinse the mouth without swallowing, distension and pain throughout the chest, hypochondrium, and abdomen, delirium (Zhan Yu), and mental confusion. This is termed "Blood Knotting in the Chest" (Xue Jie Xiong Zhong) and should be treated with Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction).
If blood stasis accumulates in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), symptoms include sweating only on the head, intense thirst, and jaundice. This should be treated with Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Kernel and Cathartic Decoction).
If blood stasis accumulates in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner), symptoms include manic behavior resembling madness, black stools, urgency and distension of the lower abdomen, and tenderness upon palpation. This should be treated with Di Dang Tang Wan (Di Dang Pill/Decoction), or Xi Jiao Di Huang Wan (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Pill) combined with Qing Pi (Tangerine Peel) and Da Huang (Rhubarb) for general use. Alternatively, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) can be used, adding Tao Ren (Peach Kernel) and Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), along with Zhi Zi (Gardenia) and Yin Chen (Artemisia Capillaris). All these are standard treatments for blood disorders and differ from the treatment of Shang Han (Cold Damage Syndrome). In some cases, after purgation with Cheng Qi Tang fails to resolve the condition, the patient may develop polyphagia (excessive appetite); this is also due to blood stasis. Therefore, injuries from falls or blows often present similarly to Shang Han.
[Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang]
Ingredients: Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn), Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) (1 qian each), Bai Shao (White Peony Root) (1.5 qian), Sheng Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) (3 qian).
Alternative prescription includes Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis) 0.5 qian. If exterior heat is present, add Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root) and Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root). For epistaxis, add Shan Zhi (Gardenia Fruit). For severe internal heat, add Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome). For abdominal distension, or if blood stasis has not yet been expelled, add Tao Ren (Peach Kernel), Hong Hua (Safflower), and Da Huang (Rhubarb). For urgent pain in the lower abdomen, add Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel). Tao's formula adds Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Chen Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel), Hong Hua (Safflower), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Before administration, mix in 3 spoons of Ou Jie Zhi (Lotus Node Juice) and take orally.
[Zi Xue / Purple Snow]
Indications: Treats macules (Fa Ban), delirium, blood stasis, Shaoyang/Yangming/Taiyang syndromes (San Yang Zheng), irritability, mania, and asthma.
Ingredients: Chi Jin (Gold Leaf) (10 liang), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) (6 qian), Han Shui Shi (Halloysitum Rubrum), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (4 liang 8 qian each), Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn), Ling Yang Jiao (Antelope Horn) (1 liang each), Xuan Shen (Scrophularia Root) (1 liang 6 qian), Chen Xiang (Aquilaria Wood), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Ding Xiang (Caryophylli Flos) (5 qian each), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (8 qian).
Preparation: Use 5 sheng of water. Boil Chi Jin and Sheng Ma first until reduced to 3 sheng, then remove the gold leaf. Add the remaining herbs and decoct until reduced to 1 sheng. Filter out the dregs. Add Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas) 3 liang 2 qian. Simmer over low heat until it forms Zi Xue.
[Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang]
Ingredients: Da Huang (Rhubarb) (4 qian), Tao Ren (Peach Kernel) (3 qian), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) (2 qian each), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (1 qian).
Administration: Decoct with water and take warm. Continue until all blood stasis is expelled; if not fully expelled, administer again. Tao's formula adds Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus), Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Shao Yao (Peony Root), Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root), and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Before administration, add Su Mu (Daemonorops Draco) 1 qian, boil for two cycles of boiling, and take hot.
In cases where Shang Han (Cold Damage) leads to internal injury, with food stagnation and blood accumulation, presenting with hard and distended bowels, inability to speak, depletion of spirit and thought, fixed gaze, rigid limbs, and difficulty administering medication: Decoct Zi Su (Perilla Leaf) in water. Soak a towel in the hot decoction, wring it out, and apply it to the abdomen and lower abdomen, gently massaging/moving it. Replace with a hot towel as it cools. Repeat this process continuously until old fecal masses or accumulated blood are expelled. Only then should medicinal decoctions be administered. If there is anal obstruction, use Mi Dao Fa (Honey Suppository Method).