哮喘必用薄滋味，专主于痰，宜大吐。药中多用酣，不用凉药，须常带表散，
此寒包热也。亦有虚而不可吐者。一法用二陈汤加苍术、黄芩，作汤下小胃丹，看虚实用。
入方 治寒包热而喘。
半夏 枳壳（炒） 桔梗 片芩（炒） 紫苏 麻黄 杏仁 甘草
上水煎服。天寒，加桂枝。
治哮治积方
用鸡子一个，略敲，壳损膜不损，浸尿缸内三四日，夜取出，煮熟吃之，效。盖鸡子能
去风痰。
紫金丹 治哮，须三年后可用。
用精猪肉二十两，（一作三十两，）切作骰子块。用信一两，明者研极细末，拌在肉上令匀
，分作六分，用纸筋黄泥包之，用火烘令泥干，却用白炭火，于无人处 ，青烟出尽为度，
取放地上一宿，出火毒。研细，以汤浸蒸饼，丸如绿豆大。食前茶汤下，大人二十丸，小人
七八丸，量大小虚实与之。
喘病，气虚、阴虚、有痰。凡久喘之症，未发宜扶正气为主，已发用攻邪为主。
气虚短气而喘甚，不可用苦寒之药，火气盛故也，宜导痰汤加千缗汤。有痰亦短气而喘。阴
虚自小腹下火起冲于上喘者，宜降心火，补阴。有火炎者，宜降心火，清肺金；有痰者，用
降痰下气为主。上气喘而躁者为肺胀，欲作风水证，宜发汗则愈。有喘急风痰上逆者，大全
方千
者，用劫药一二服则止。劫之后，因痰治痰，因火治火。劫药以椒目研极细末一二钱，生
汤调下止之，气虚不用。又法∶萝卜子蒸熟为君，皂角烧灰等分为末，生姜汁，炼蜜丸，
如
实人因服黄 过多而喘者，用三拗汤以泻气。若喘者，须用阿胶。若久病气虚而发喘，宜阿
胶、人参、五味子补之。若新病气实而发喘者，宜桑白皮、苦葶苈泻之。
戴云∶有痰喘，有气急喘，有胃虚喘，有火炎上喘。痰喘者，凡喘便有痰声；气急喘者
，呼吸
减
入胃
都督患此，诸医作胃虚治之，不愈，后以导水丸利五六次而安。
入方
痰喘方
南星 半夏 杏仁 栝蒌子 香附 陈皮（去白） 皂角炭 萝卜子
上为末，神曲糊丸。每服六七十丸，姜汤下。
又方
萝卜子（蒸，半两） 皂角（半两） 海粉（一两） 南星（一两） 白矾（一钱半，姜汁浸晒干）
上用栝蒌仁姜蜜丸。噙化。
劫喘药
好铜青（研细） 虢丹（少许，炒转色）
上为末。每服半钱，醋调，空心服。
〔附录〕肺以清阳上升之气，居五脏之上，通荣卫，合阴阳，升降往来，无过不及。六淫
七情之所感伤，饱食动作，脏气不和，呼吸之息，不得宣畅而为喘急。亦有脾肾俱虚，体弱之
人，皆能发喘。又或调摄失宜，为风寒暑湿邪气相干，则肺气胀满，发而为喘。又因痰气皆
能令人发喘，治疗之法当究其源。如感邪气，则驱散之；气郁，即调顺之；脾肾虚者，温理之
当于各类而求。凡此证，脉滑而手足温者生，脉涩而四
肢寒者死。风伤寒者，必上气急，不
得卧，喉中有声，或声不出，以三拗汤、华盖散、九宝汤、神秘汤皆可选用；若痰喘，以四
汤或苏子降气汤；若虚喘，脉微，色青黑，四肢厥，小便多，以《活人书》五味子汤或四磨汤。治
嗽与喘，用五味子为多，但五味有南北。若生津止渴，润肺益肾，治劳嗽，宜用北五味；
若风邪在肺，宜用南五味。
附方
分气紫苏饮 治脾胃不和，气逆喘促。
五味 桑白皮 茯苓 甘草（炙） 草果 腹皮 陈皮 桔梗（各等分） 紫苏（减半）
上每服五钱，水二钟，姜三片，入盐少许煎，空心服。
神秘汤 治上气喘急，不得卧。
陈皮 桔梗 紫苏 五味 人参（等分）
每服四钱，用水煎，食后服。
四磨汤 治七情郁结，上气喘急。
人参 槟榔 沉香 台乌
上四味，各浓磨水取七分盏，煎三五沸，温服。
三拗汤 治感冒风邪，鼻塞声重，语音不出，咳嗽喘急。
生甘草 麻黄（不去节） 杏仁（不去皮尖，等分）
上服五钱，水一钟半，姜五片，煎服。
小青龙汤 治水气发喘尤捷。
麻黄 芍药 甘草（炙） 肉桂 细辛 干姜（炮，各三两） 半夏（炮七次，二两半） 五味
（二两）
上咀。每三钱，煎七分，食后服。
导痰汤 千缗汤 并见痰类。
华盖散 治感寒而嗽，胸满声重。
苏子 陈皮 赤茯苓 桑白皮 麻黄（各一两） 甘草（五钱，或加杏仁）
上为末。每服二钱，水煎，食后服。
九宝汤 治咳而身热发喘，恶寒。
麻黄 薄荷 陈皮 肉桂 紫苏 杏仁 甘草 桑白皮 腹皮（各等分）
上咀。姜葱煎服。
苏子降气汤 见气类。
《活人书》五味子汤
五味（半两） 人参 麦门冬 杏仁 陈皮 生姜（各二钱半） 枣（三个）
上咀。水煎。
导水丸 见痢类。
哮喘的治疗必须注重清淡饮食，治疗重点在于化痰，适宜采用催吐法。用药中应多用辛温发散之品，避免使用寒凉药物，并且需要经常配合解表散邪的方法，这是因为病机属于“寒包热”（外有风寒束表，内有郁热）。也有因体质虚弱而不适合催吐的情况。另一种治法是用二陈汤加入苍术、黄芩，煎成汤剂后送服小胃丹，根据患者虚实情况调整用量。
入方：治疗寒包热引起的喘息。
药材：半夏、枳壳（炒制）、桔梗、片芩（即黄芩，炒制）、紫苏、麻黄、杏仁、甘草。
用法：用水煎煮服用。天气寒冷时，加入桂枝。
治疗哮病的积滞方：
取鸡蛋一个，轻轻敲破，使蛋壳破损但内膜完好，浸泡在尿缸里三四天，晚上取出，煮熟后食用，效果显著。因为鸡蛋能去除风痰。
紫金丹：治疗哮病，必须在患病三年后才可使用。
用法：取精猪肉二十两（一说三十两），切成骰子大小的块状。用信石一两，挑选质地明亮纯净的研成极细粉末，拌在肉上使其均匀，分成六份，用纸筋和黄泥包裹，用火烘烤至泥干，然后用白炭火在无人处烧，直到青烟出尽为止，取出放在地上放置一夜以去除火毒。研细，用米汤浸湿蒸饼，制成如绿豆大小的丸药。饭前用茶汤送服，成人每次二十丸，儿童七八丸，根据大小和虚实酌情给予。
喘病，分为气虚、阴虚和有痰三种类型。凡是久患喘症的人，未发作时应以扶助正气为主，发作时则以攻逐邪气为主。
气虚导致短气且喘息严重，不可使用苦寒药物，因为体内火气旺盛，适宜用导痰汤加千缗汤。有痰也会导致短气和喘息。阴虚导致从小腹下部有热气上冲引起喘息者，适宜清降心火，滋补阴液。有火热上炎者，宜清降心火，清肃肺金；有痰者，以降痰下气为主。
上气喘促且烦躁的是肺胀，欲发展为风水证，适宜发汗则痊愈。有因风痰上逆导致喘息急促者，用劫药一二服即可停止。劫药之后，再根据痰或火进行针对性治疗。劫药用椒目研成极细末一二钱，用生汤调服以止喘，气虚者不用。另一方法：萝卜子蒸熟作为主药，皂角烧灰等分为末，用生姜汁和炼蜜制成丸药。
实性体质的人因服用黄芪过多而导致喘息者，用三拗汤来泻气。若出现喘息，须用阿胶。若是久病气虚而引发喘息，宜用阿胶、人参、五味子补益。若是新病气实而引发喘息，宜用桑白皮、苦葶苈泻实。
戴云说：有痰喘，有气急喘，有胃虚喘，有火炎上喘。痰喘的特点是喘息时伴有痰声；气急喘是呼吸急促；胃虚喘……（原文此处似有缺漏或断句问题，依文意推测为胃虚导致的喘息）；火炎上喘是火气上炎导致的喘息。
都督患有此病，众医生按胃虚治疗，未愈，后来用导水丸利下五六次而安。
入方：
痰喘方：
南星、半夏、杏仁、栝蒌子、香附、陈皮（去白）、皂角炭、萝卜子。
用法：研为细末，神曲糊丸。每服六七十丸，姜汤送下。
又方：
萝卜子（蒸，半两）、皂角（半两）、海粉（一两）、南星（一两）、白矾（一钱半，姜汁浸晒干）。
用法：用栝蒌仁、姜、蜜制成丸药。含化。
劫喘药：
好铜青（研细）、虢丹（少许，炒至变色）。
用法：研为细末。每服半钱，醋调，空腹服用。
〔附录〕肺具有清阳上升之气，位居五脏之上，贯通营卫，调和阴阳，升降往来，无过无不及。受到六淫、七情的感伤，或饱食动作，脏气不和，呼吸之气不得宣畅，从而发生喘急。也有脾肾俱虚、体质虚弱的人，都能引发喘症。或者是调养失宜，被风寒暑湿邪气干扰，导致肺气胀满，发而为喘。另外，痰和气都能令人发喘，治疗之法应当探究其根源。如感受邪气，则驱散它；气郁，则调顺它；脾肾虚者，温补调理之。应当在各类证候中寻求对应治法。凡此证，脉滑且手足温暖者生，脉涩且四肢寒冷者死。风伤寒者，必定上气急促，不能平卧，喉中有声音，或者声音出不来，可选用三拗汤、华盖散、九宝汤、神秘汤；若是痰喘，用四磨汤或苏子降气汤；若是虚喘，脉微，面色青黑，四肢厥冷，小便多，用《活人书》中的五味子汤或四磨汤。治疗咳嗽与喘息，多用五味子，但五味子分南北两种。若是生津止渴，润肺益肾，治疗劳嗽，宜用北五味子；若是风邪在肺，宜用南五味子。
附方：
分气紫苏饮：治疗脾胃不和，气逆喘促。
五味子、桑白皮、茯苓、甘草（炙）、草果、腹皮、陈皮、桔梗（各等分）、紫苏（减半）。
用法：每服五钱，水二钟，姜三片，入盐少许煎，空腹服用。
神秘汤：治疗上气喘急，不能平卧。
陈皮、桔梗、紫苏、五味子、人参（等分）。
用法：每服四钱，用水煎，饭后服用。
四磨汤：治疗七情郁结，上气喘急。
人参、槟榔、沉香、台乌。
用法：以上四味，分别浓磨水取七分盏，煎三五沸，温服。
三拗汤：治疗感冒风邪，鼻塞声重，语音不出，咳嗽喘急。
生甘草、麻黄（不去节）、杏仁（不去皮尖，等分）。
用法：每服五钱，水一钟半，姜五片，煎服。
小青龙汤：治疗水气引发的喘息尤其快捷。
麻黄、芍药、甘草（炙）、肉桂、细辛、干姜（炮，各三两）、半夏（炮七次，二两半）、五味子（二两）。
用法：切碎。每服三钱，煎至七分，饭后服用。
华盖散：治疗感寒而咳，胸满声重。
苏子、陈皮、赤茯苓、桑白皮、麻黄（各一两）、甘草（五钱，或加杏仁）。
用法：研为细末。每服二钱，水煎，饭后服用。
九宝汤：治疗咳而身热发喘，恶寒。
麻黄、薄荷、陈皮、肉桂、紫苏、杏仁、甘草、桑白皮、腹皮（各等分）。
用法：切碎。姜葱煎服。
苏子降气汤：见气类章节。
Asthma must be treated with a light diet, focusing primarily on phlegm, and emesis is appropriate. Medications should mostly use sweet and warm dispersing agents, avoiding cold medicines, and often require surface-dispersing methods, as this is "cold wrapping heat" (external cold constraining the exterior with internal heat). There are also cases of deficiency where emesis is contraindicated. Another method uses Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) added with Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), decocted as a soup to swallow Xiaowei Dan (Small Stomach Pill), adjusted according to deficiency or excess.
Formula: Treats asthma caused by cold wrapping heat.
Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike, stir-fried), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Scutellariae Radix (Pianqin, stir-fried), Perillae Folium (Zisu), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao).
Decoct in water and take orally. In cold weather, add Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi).
Treatment for Asthma Accumulation Formula:
Take one chicken egg, crack it slightly so the shell is damaged but the membrane remains intact, soak it in a urine pit for three to four days, take it out at night, cook thoroughly, and eat it. This is effective because the egg can dispel wind-phlegm.
Zijin Dan (Purple Gold Pill): Treats asthma; can only be used after the disease has persisted for three years.
Take 20 taels of lean pork (or 30 taels), cut into dice-sized pieces. Take 1 tael of Realgar (Xinshi), select the purest and brightest portion, grind it into an extremely fine powder, mix evenly with the meat, divide into six portions, wrap each with paper筋 (paper fibers) and yellow clay, bake with fire until the clay is dry, then roast over white charcoal fire in an uninhabited area until all green smoke disappears. Remove and place on the ground overnight to eliminate fire toxicity. Grind finely, dip steamed leavened cake in water, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take before meals with tea water: adults take 20 pills, children take 7-8 pills, adjusted according to age and condition.
Wheezing disease involves Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, and phlegm. For chronic wheezing, when not acute, focus on supporting healthy Qi; when acute, focus on attacking pathogenic factors.
Qi deficiency causing shortness of breath and severe wheezing should not be treated with bitter-cold medicines due to excessive fire Qi; instead, use Daotan Tang (Phlegm-Resolving Decoction) plus Qianmin Tang. Phlegm can also cause shortness of breath and wheezing. Yin deficiency causing wheezing from rising fire starting below the lower abdomen requires descending heart fire and tonifying Yin. With flaming fire, descend heart fire and clear Lung Metal; with phlegm, prioritize resolving phlegm and directing Qi downward.
Upper body wheezing with restlessness indicates Lung Distension (Fei Zhang), potentially developing into Wind-Water syndrome; sweating will cure it. For wheezing急促 (rapid) due to upward reversal of wind-phlegm, use Jie Yao (Snatching Medicine) for one or two doses to stop it. After using snatching medicine, treat based on phlegm or fire. Snatching medicine consists of Zhaomu (Semen Lepidii/Zhaomu seed) ground into an extremely fine powder, 1-2 qian, taken with raw water to stop wheezing; do not use for Qi deficiency. Another method: use steamed Raphani Semen (Luobanzi) as the chief ingredient, equal parts of Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Carbonized (Saojiao ash) ground into powder, mixed with Zingiberis Rhizoma Fresh Juice (Shengjiangzhi) and refined honey to form pills.
For robust individuals who developed wheezing from taking too much Astragali Radix (Huangqi), use San'ao Tang (Three Uninhibited Decoction) to drain Qi. If wheezing occurs, Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) is necessary. For chronic illness with Qi deficiency causing wheezing, tonify with Ejiao, Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus). For new illness with Qi excess causing wheezing, drain with Mangkokovitis Cortex (Sangbaipi) and Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen (Kutingli).
Dai Yun stated: There is phlegm wheezing, Qi urgency wheezing, Stomach deficiency wheezing, and Fire flaming upward wheezing. Phlegm wheezing is characterized by wheezing accompanied by phlegm sounds; Qi urgency wheezing involves rapid breathing; Stomach deficiency wheezing... [text fragment]; Fire flaming upward wheezing is caused by fire rising.
The Governor General suffered from this condition. Various physicians treated it as Stomach deficiency without success. Later, he was cured after using Daoshui Wan (Water-Guiding Pill) to promote urination/diuresis five or six times.
Formulas:
Phlegm Wheezing Formula:
Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualouzi), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi, pith removed), Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Carbonized (Saojiao Tan), Raphani Semen (Luobanzi).
Grind into powder, bind with Schiedae Fermentum (Shenqu) paste. Take 60-70 pills per dose with ginger water.
Another Formula:
Raphani Semen (steamed, 0.5 liang), Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus (0.5 liang), Haifen (Sea Powder/Sodium Borate?), Arisaematis Rhizoma (1 liang), Alumen (Baijian, 1.5 qian, soaked in ginger juice and dried).
Use Trichosanthis Semen (Gualouren), ginger, and honey to form pills. Hold in mouth to dissolve.
Snatching Wheezing Medicine:
Tongqing (Good Copper Green/Verdigris, ground fine), Guodian (Lead Oxide, small amount, stir-fried until color changes).
Grind into powder. Take half a qian per dose, mixed with vinegar, taken on an empty stomach.
[Appendix] The Lung possesses ascending clear Yang Qi, resides above the five Zang organs, connects Ying and Wei, harmonizes Yin and Yang, and regulates ascent and descent without excess or deficiency. Injury from Six Excesses (Liu Yin) and Seven Emotions (Qi Qing), overeating, physical exertion, disharmony of Zang Qi, and inability of respiratory breath to circulate freely lead to wheezing urgency. Also, those with simultaneous Spleen and Kidney deficiency and weak constitutions can develop wheezing. Improper care leading to interference by Wind, Cold, Summerheat, and Dampness pathogens causes Lung Qi distension and wheezing. Furthermore, both phlegm and Qi disorders can cause wheezing; treatment methods must investigate the source. If injured by pathogens, disperse them; if Qi stagnation, regulate it; if Spleen/Kidney deficiency, warm and regulate. Seek treatment according to categories. For these conditions, a slippery pulse with warm hands and feet indicates survival; a choppy pulse with cold limbs indicates death. Wind-Cold injury causes upper Qi urgency, inability to lie flat, sounds in the throat, or loss of voice; San'ao Tang, Huagai San, Jiubao Tang, or Shenmi Tang can be selected. For phlegm wheezing, use Simo Tang or Suzi Jiangqi Tang. For deficiency wheezing with faint pulse, blue-black complexion, cold limbs, and frequent urination, use Wuweizi Tang or Simo Tang from *Huoren Shu*. Treating cough and wheezing uses Wuweizi frequently, but there are Northern and Southern varieties. For generating fluids, stopping thirst, moistening lungs, benefiting kidneys, and treating labor-induced cough, use Northern Wuweizi. For Wind pathogen in the Lung, use Southern Wuweizi.
Attached Formulas:
Fenqi Zisu Yin: Treats Spleen/Stomach disharmony, rebellious Qi, and wheezing/panting.
Wuweizi, Sangbaipi, Poria (Fuling), Gancao (roasted), Caoguo, Fupi, Chenpi, Jiegeng (equal parts), Zisu (half amount).
Take 5 qian per dose, 2 zhong of water, 3 slices of ginger, a little salt, decoct, take on an empty stomach.
Shenmi Tang: Treats upper Qi wheezing urgency, inability to lie flat.
Chenpi, Jiegeng, Zisu, Wuweizi, Renshen (equal parts).
Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in water, take after meals.
Simo Tang: Treats emotional depression, upper Qi wheezing urgency.
Renshen, Binglang, Chenxiang, Taiwu.
These four ingredients, each ground thickly with water to obtain 0.7 cup, boil for 3-5 boils, take warm.
San'ao Tang: Treats cold-damage wind pathogen, nasal congestion, heavy voice, inability to speak, cough, and wheezing urgency.
Raw Gancao, Mahuang (without removing joints), Xingren (without removing skin/tips, equal parts).
Take 5 qian, 1.5 zhong of water, 5 slices of ginger, decoct and take.
Xiao Qinglong Tang: Particularly effective for wheezing caused by Water Qi.
Mahuang, Shaoyao, Gancao (roasted), Rougui, Xixin, Ganjiang (roasted, 3 liang each), Banxia (roasted seven times, 2.5 liang), Wuweizi (2 liang).
Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian, decoct to 0.7 portion, take after meals.
Daotan Tang and Qianmin Tang: See Phlegm category.
Huagai San: Treats cough from cold damage, chest fullness, heavy voice.
Suzi, Chenpi, Chifuling, Sangbaipi, Mahuang (1 liang each), Gancao (5 qian, or add Xingren).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian, decoct in water, take after meals.
Jiubao Tang: Treats cough with body heat and wheezing, aversion to cold.
Mahuang, Bohe, Chenpi, Rougui, Zisu, Xingren, Gancao, Sangbaipi, Fupi (equal parts).
Cut into pieces. Decoct with ginger and scallion.
Suzi Jiangqi Tang: See Qi category.
*Huoren Shu* Wuweizi Tang:
Wuweizi (0.5 liang), Renshen, Maidong, Xingren, Chenpi, Shengjiang (2.5 qian each), Jujube (3 fruits).
Cut into pieces. Decoct in water.
Daoshui Wan: See Dysentery category.