直视谵语喘满者死。
身汗如油，喘而不休，肺绝也，死。
因药下之，泻止而喘者，气已脱也，死。
喘而噫者死。
喘而四逆者死。
喘而鱼口者死。
喘而口闭面里者死。
吐，物出也，胃中虚冷。吐血有热毒，宜犀角地黄汤；有虚寒，宜理中汤。
呕，有声也。干呕有寒，宜姜附；有热，宜五苓；有水气，宜小青龙也。
有热呕者，呕而发热，少阳证具及呕不止，心下急，郁郁微烦，宜大柴胡。
有寒呕者，膈上有寒饮干呕者，不可吐，宜温之，呕涎沫头痛，茱萸汤主之。
有停饮呕者，先呕后渴，此为欲解；先渴后呕，为水停心下，此属饮家。
有胃脘有脓而呕者，不须治，脓尽自安。
表邪传里必致呕也，阴不受邪而不呕也。呕家用半夏以去其水，用生姜以散其逆气。
呕多，虽有阳明证，不可攻之，谓邪气未收敛也。
悸，心忪也，惕然动而不安矣。
有停饮者，饮水多必心下悸，心火恶水，心不安也。凡治悸者，必先治饮，
以水停心下，散而无所不至。浸于肺则喘咳，浸于胃则哕噎，溢于皮肤则肿，渍
于肠间则利下，可以茯苓甘草汤治之。
有气虚者，由阳明内弱，心下空虚，正气内动，心悸脉代，气血内虚也，宜
炙甘草汤补之。
又伤寒二三日，心悸而烦，小建中主之。
少阴病四逆或悸，四逆加桂五分主之。
有汗下之后，正气内虚，邪气交击，又甚于气虚者也。
太阳病发汗过多，其人叉手自冒，必心下悸。
又太阳病，若下之身重心下悸者，不可发汗。
少阳病不可吐下，吐下则悸而惊。又少阳不可汗，汗则谵语，此属胃，胃和则愈，胃不和则
烦而悸，治法宜镇固之或化散之，皆须定其气浮也。
直视且胡言乱语、气喘胸满的，属于死证。
身体出汗如油珠般黏腻，气喘不止，这是肺气绝的表现，属于死证。
因为误用泻下药，虽然腹泻停止但出现气喘的，是正气已脱失的表现，属于死证。
气喘且伴有嗳气的，属于死证。
气喘且四肢逆冷的，属于死证。
气喘且张口呼吸如鱼口状的，属于死证。
气喘且口闭面颊内陷的，属于死证。
呕吐，是指食物从胃中吐出，多因胃中虚寒所致。吐血若由热毒引起，适宜使用犀角地黄汤；若由虚寒引起，适宜使用理中汤。
干呕，是指仅有声音而无物吐出。干呕若属寒证，适宜使用附子、干姜；若属热证，适宜使用五苓散；若属水气内停，适宜使用小青龙汤。
若有热邪导致的呕吐，表现为呕吐且发热，具备少阳病证候且呕吐不止，心下急迫，心中郁郁微烦，适宜使用大柴胡汤。
若有寒邪导致的呕吐，膈上有寒饮导致干呕的，不可使用催吐法，适宜温中散寒；若呕吐涎沫并伴有头痛，适宜用吴茱萸汤主治。
若有水饮停滞导致的呕吐，先呕吐后口渴的，这是病情欲解的表现；先口渴后呕吐的，是水饮停滞在心下，这属于痰饮病患者。
若胃脘部有脓液而引发呕吐的，不需要特别治疗，待脓液排尽自然安宁。
表邪传入里部必然导致呕吐；阴经不受邪气侵袭所以不呕吐。治疗呕吐常用半夏以去除水饮，用生姜以发散逆气。
呕吐频繁者，即使有阳明病证候，也不可攻下，这是因为邪气尚未收敛。
呕吐且脉象微弱，小便通利，身体有轻微发热且出现四肢厥冷的，属于死证，这是极度虚寒的表现。
心悸，即心中悸动不安，惕惕然跳动而不安宁。
若有水饮停滞，饮水过多必致心下悸动，这是因为心火厌恶水湿，心神不安。凡治疗心悸，必须先治疗水饮，因为水饮停滞在心下，弥漫无所不至。浸淫于肺则气喘咳嗽，浸淫于胃则呃逆噎塞，溢于皮肤则浮肿，渍于肠间则泄泻，可用茯苓甘草汤治疗。
若属气虚所致，是由于阳明经内部虚弱，心下空虚，正气在内扰动，导致心悸且脉象结代，这是气血内虚的表现，适宜用炙甘草汤补益。
另外，伤寒发病二三日，出现心悸且烦躁的，用小建中汤主治。
少阴病出现四肢逆冷或心悸的，用四逆汤加桂枝五分主治。
若在发汗、攻下之后，正气内部虚弱，邪气交相攻击，其程度比单纯气虚更严重。
太阳病发汗过多，患者双手交叉护住心前区，必定出现心下悸动。
另外，太阳病若误用下法，导致身体沉重且心下悸动的，不可再发汗。
少阳病不可使用吐法或下法，误用吐下法则会导致心悸且惊恐。另外少阳病不可发汗，发汗则会出现胡言乱语，这归属于胃，胃气和顺则痊愈，胃气不和则烦躁且心悸，治疗方法宜镇固或化解消散，都必须安定浮越之气。
Staring fixedly, delirious speech, and panting with chest fullness indicate a fatal condition.
Sweat like oil on the body, with ceaseless panting, indicates exhaustion of Lung Qi (Lung Qi Deficiency), which is fatal.
If purgatives are misused, and diarrhea stops but panting ensues, it indicates collapse of Qi (Qi Collapse), which is fatal.
Panting accompanied by belching indicates a fatal condition.
Panting accompanied by cold extremities indicates a fatal condition.
Panting with mouth open like a fish indicates a fatal condition.
Panting with closed mouth and sunken cheeks indicates a fatal condition.
Vomiting refers to the expulsion of contents from the stomach, often due to deficiency-cold in the Stomach (Stomach Deficiency-Cold). Hematemesis caused by heat-toxin should be treated with Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction); hematemesis caused by deficiency-cold should be treated with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction).
Dry heaving refers to retching without expulsion of matter. Dry heaving due to cold should be treated with Aconite and Dried Ginger; dry heaving due to heat should be treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria); dry heaving due to water-retention should be treated with Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction).
For vomiting caused by heat, characterized by vomiting with fever, presenting with Shaoyang Syndrome (Shaoyang Pattern) symptoms, incessant vomiting, urgency in the epigastrium, and mild irritability, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.
For vomiting caused by cold, if there is cold-fluid retention above the diaphragm causing dry heaving, emetics are contraindicated; warming methods should be used. If vomiting of saliva and foam occurs with headache, Zhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) is the primary treatment.
For vomiting caused by retained fluid, vomiting followed by thirst indicates the disease is resolving; thirst followed by vomiting indicates fluid retention in the epigastrium, characteristic of patients with fluid retention (Phlegm-Fluid Disease).
If vomiting is caused by pus in the epigastrium, no specific treatment is needed; peace will return naturally once the pus is exhausted.
When exterior pathogens transmit to the interior, vomiting inevitably occurs; the Yin meridians do not receive pathogens and thus do not vomit. In treating vomiting, Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) is used to remove water, and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) is used to disperse rebellious Qi (Rebellious Stomach Qi).
In cases of frequent vomiting, even if Yangming Syndrome (Yangming Pattern) is present, purgation is contraindicated because the pathogenic factor has not yet consolidated.
Vomiting with a weak pulse, slight urination, mild fever, and cold extremities indicates a fatal condition, representing severe deficiency-cold.
Palpitations refer to a sensation of heart flutters, with a startled, restless movement.
In cases of retained fluid, excessive drinking leads to palpitations below the heart; this is because Heart Fire dislikes Water, causing mental unrest. When treating palpitations, one must first treat the fluid retention, as fluid stagnating below the heart spreads everywhere. If it invades the Lungs, it causes panting and coughing; if it invades the Stomach, it causes hiccups and dysphagia; if it overflows into the skin, it causes edema; if it seeps into the intestines, it causes diarrhea. Fuling Gancao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction) can be used to treat this.
In cases of Qi deficiency, due to weakness in the Yangming channel and emptiness below the heart, righteous Qi moves internally, causing palpitations and an intermittent pulse (Intermittent Pulse), indicating internal deficiency of Qi and Blood. Zhi Gancao Tang (Honey-Fried Licorice Decoction) is indicated for tonification.
Additionally, in Cold Damage (Shanghan) occurring two to three days after onset, if palpitations and irritability occur, Xiao Jianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) is the primary treatment.
In Shaoyin Syndrome (Shaoyin Pattern), if cold extremities or palpitations occur, Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) with five fen of Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) is the primary treatment.
After sweating or purging, if internal righteous Qi becomes deficient and pathogenic factors attack mutually, the condition is more severe than simple Qi deficiency.
In Taiyang Syndrome (Taiyang Pattern), if sweating is excessive, the patient may cross their hands over the heart area and experience palpitations below the heart.
Furthermore, in Taiyang Syndrome, if downward purgation is mistakenly used, leading to heaviness of the body and palpitations below the heart, sweating therapy is contraindicated.
Shaoyang Syndrome (Shaoyang Pattern) should not be treated with emesis or purgation; doing so leads to palpitations and fright. Additionally, Shaoyang Syndrome should not be treated with sweating; sweating leads to delirious speech, which belongs to the Stomach. If Stomach Qi harmonizes, recovery occurs; if Stomach Qi does not harmonize, irritability and palpitations result. The treatment method should involve stabilizing and consolidating or transforming and dispersing, always requiring the anchoring of floating Qi (Floating Qi).