谓脐下满也。是在上而满者，气也；是在下而满者，物也。小腹下，溺与血
也，若从心下至小腹皆硬满而痛者，实也，大陷胸汤下之。但小腹硬满而痛，小
便利者，蓄血之证，曰热结膀胱，其人如狂，桃仁承气主之。小便不利者，则是
溺涩之证，此皆邪气聚于下焦，津液血气不行，留滞故也。
谓心中郁郁而烦也。烦者，热也。欲吐不吐，心中无奈。胸中烦、心烦、虚
烦，三者皆邪热传里，心烦喜呕，胸中烦不喜呕，小柴胡主之。
少阴病二三日，心中烦，不得卧，黄连阿胶汤主之。少阴病，胸满而烦，猪
肤汤主之。以上皆彻热而和解也。如作膈实者，可瓜蒂散吐之。如不因汗吐下实
也，可以重剂吐之。
足阳明病，不吐不下心烦者，实也，可下之。
又伤寒二三日，心中悸而烦者，虚也，与小建中汤补之。大抵先烦而悸者，
热也；先悸而烦者，虚也。如因吐下汗后而烦者，虚也。可以轻剂吐之，则是内
陷之烦也，栀子豉汤主之，少气者加甘草，呕者加生姜，腹满加浓朴。凡药大下
后，热不去微烦，加干姜。
烦而扰，扰而烦，阳也。为热之轻者，烦躁谓先烦而渐至躁也；躁为愤躁而
躁阴也，为热之重者。躁烦谓先躁而后烦者也。
有不烦而躁者，怫怫然便作躁闷，此为阴盛格阳也。虽大躁欲于泥水中卧，
但饮水不得入口者是也，治宜温之。
有邪气在表而烦躁者。太阳中风，脉浮紧，不汗烦躁，大青龙主之。曰当汗
不汗，其人烦躁。
有邪气在里而烦躁者。大便六七日绕脐痛，烦躁发作有时，此燥屎也，可
下。有火劫而烦躁。太阳病，以火熏之，大热入胃。
有伤寒乍解，胃气尚弱，强食过多，因而烦闷，胃脉浮洪，宜损谷。
有因虚而烦躁。阳微发汗，躁不得眠。下后复发汗，昼日烦躁不得眠，夜则
安静，不渴不呕，无表证，身无大热，脉沉微，姜附汤主之。发汗若下之烦躁，
病仍不去者，茯苓四逆主之。
汗吐下，脏腑俱虚，余热相协，因虚而烦，以身不疼、脉不紧不数，宜补其虚。
有阴盛而烦躁。少阴吐利，手足冷，烦躁欲死，茱萸汤主之。
所谓脐下胀满。病位在上而胀满的，是气滞所致；病位在下而胀满的，是有形实邪（如宿食、瘀血等）阻滞。小腹部位，涉及小便和血液。如果从心窝部一直到小腹部都坚硬胀满且疼痛，属于实证，应用大陷胸汤攻下。如果只是小腹部坚硬胀满且疼痛，但小便通畅的，这是蓄血证，称为热结膀胱，患者神志如狂，用桃仁承气汤主治。如果小便不通畅的，则是小便涩滞的证候，这些情况都是邪气聚集在下焦，导致津液、血液和气机运行不畅，停留阻滞的缘故。
所谓心中郁郁不舒而感到烦闷。烦，属于热证。想吐又吐不出来，心中无可奈何。胸中烦、心烦、虚烦，这三种情况都是邪热传入体内所致。其中心烦且喜欢呕吐的，以及胸中烦但不喜欢呕吐的，用小柴胡汤主治。
少阴病经过两三天，心中烦乱，无法入睡，用黄连阿胶汤主治。少阴病，胸部胀满且烦闷，用猪肤汤主治。以上这些情况都是通过清除热邪并调和和解来治疗的。如果表现为膈上实邪，可以用瓜蒂散催吐。如果不是因为发汗、催吐或攻下后导致的实证，可以使用重剂量的药物进行催吐。
足阳明经病，没有呕吐也没有攻下，却出现心烦的，属于实证，可以攻下。
另外，伤寒病两三天，心中悸动且烦乱的，属于虚证，用小建中汤补益。大抵而言，先感到烦乱而后心悸的，属于热证；先感到心悸而后烦乱的，属于虚证。如果是因为发汗、催吐或攻下之后出现的烦乱，属于虚证。可以使用轻剂量的药物催吐，这属于内陷所致的烦乱，用栀子豉汤主治，如果气短的加甘草，呕吐的加生姜，腹部胀满的加厚朴。凡是经过剧烈攻下后，热邪未去仅有轻微烦乱的，加干姜。
烦扰与躁扰，属于阳证。作为较轻的热证，烦躁是指先感到烦乱然后逐渐发展为躁动不安；躁动是愤懑躁动，属于阴证，代表较重的热证。躁烦是指先躁动而后烦乱。
有不烦乱但躁动的，怫郁不适随即出现躁闷，这是阴盛格阳（阴寒内盛，逼迫阳气浮越于外）的证候。虽然极度躁动想要睡在泥水中，但水喝不进口的，就是这种情况，治疗应当温阳。
有邪气在体表而烦躁的。太阳中风证，脉象浮紧，因未能发汗而烦躁，用大青龙汤主治。即应当发汗而未发汗，导致患者烦躁。
有邪气在体内而烦躁的。大便六七天，绕脐疼痛，烦躁发作有定时，这是燥屎内结，可以攻下。有因火疗导致的烦躁。太阳病，用火熏法治疗，导致大热入胃。
有伤寒症状刚刚缓解，胃气尚虚弱，强行进食过多，因而烦闷，脉象浮洪，适宜减少饮食。
有因虚损而烦躁的。阳气微弱时发汗，导致躁动无法入睡。攻下后又发汗，白天烦躁无法入睡，夜间则安静，口不渴也不呕吐，无表证，身体没有大热，脉象沉微，用姜附汤主治。发汗或攻下后仍烦躁，病邪仍未去除的，用茯苓四逆汤主治。
发汗、催吐、攻下后，脏腑俱虚，余热相合，因虚损而烦乱，以身体不疼痛、脉象不紧不数为特征，适宜补益其虚损。
有因阴寒内盛而烦躁的。少阴病呕吐腹泻，手足冰冷，烦躁欲死，用吴茱萸汤主治。
It refers to fullness below the umbilicus. Fullness located above is due to Qi stagnation; fullness located below is due to tangible pathogenic factors (such as retained food or blood stasis). The lower abdomen involves urination and blood. If hardness, fullness, and pain extend from the epigastrium to the lower abdomen, it is an excess syndrome, treated with Da Xian Xiong Tang (Great Drain the Chest Decoction) to purge. If there is only hardness, fullness, and pain in the lower abdomen with free urination, this is a blood-stasis syndrome known as Heat Binding in the Bladder, where the patient exhibits a manic-like state, treated with Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Kernel Modifying the Bowels Decoction). If urination is obstructed, it is a syndrome of difficult urination. All these cases result from pathogenic factors gathering in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner), causing stagnation and obstruction of fluids, blood, and Qi.
It refers to a feeling of depression and vexation in the heart/mind. Vexation (Fan) belongs to heat. The desire to vomit without actually doing so, leaving one feeling helpless in the chest, characterizes this. Chest vexation, heart vexation, and deficiency vexation are all caused by pathogenic heat transmitting inward. Heart vexation accompanied by a tendency to vomit, and chest vexation without a tendency to vomit, are both treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
In Shaoyin disease (Lesser Yin Disease) persisting for two to three days, if there is heart vexation and inability to sleep, Huang Lian E Jiao Tang (Coptis and Turtle Shell Decoction) is indicated. In Shaoyin disease, if there is chest fullness and vexation, Zhu Fu Tang (Pig Skin Decoction) is indicated. The above cases are all treated by clearing heat and harmonizing. If it presents as excess in the diaphragm, Gua Di San (Melon Sepal Powder) can be used to induce vomiting. If it is not an excess condition resulting from sweating, vomiting, or purging, heavy-dose emetics may be used.
In Yangming disease (Yang Brightness Disease), if there is vexation without vomiting or purging, it is an excess condition, and purgatives may be used.
Furthermore, in Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease lasting two to three days, if there is palpitations and vexation in the heart, it is a deficiency condition, treated with Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) to tonify. Generally, vexation preceding palpitations indicates heat; palpitations preceding vexation indicate deficiency. Vexation arising after sweating, vomiting, or purging is due to deficiency. Light-dose emetics may be used for such internal-collapsing vexation, treated with Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction); add Gan Cao (Licorice Root) for shortness of breath, Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) for vomiting, and Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) for abdominal fullness. After severe purging, if heat persists with slight vexation, add Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger).
Vexation and restlessness belong to Yang. As a milder form of heat, "fan zao" (vexation-restlessness) refers to vexation gradually progressing to restlessness. Restlessness (Zao) implies agitation and irritability, belonging to Yin, representing a more severe form of heat. "Zao fan" refers to restlessness preceding vexation.
There are cases of restlessness without vexation, characterized by a stifling sensation followed immediately by agitation and discomfort; this is Yin Excess repelling Yang (Yin Cold interior forcing Yang to float outward). Although the patient is extremely restless and desires to lie in mud or water, they cannot swallow water; this requires warming treatment.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to pathogenic factors in the exterior. In Taiyang Wind Strike (Greater Yang Wind Attack) with a floating-tight pulse, failure to sweat leads to vexation and restlessness, treated with Da Qing Long Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction). This occurs when sweating should have been induced but was not.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to pathogenic factors in the interior. Constipation for six to seven days with periumbilical pain and periodic episodes of vexation and restlessness indicates dry stool accumulation, which can be purged. There are also cases of vexation and restlessness caused by fire therapy. In Taiyang disease, using moxibustion or fire fumigation causes intense heat to enter the Stomach.
There are cases where Shanghan symptoms have just resolved, but Stomach Qi remains weak; excessive eating leads to stuffiness and vexation, with a floating-hong pulse, requiring dietary restriction.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to deficiency. Sweating when Yang Qi is weak leads to restlessness and insomnia. Purging followed by sweating causes daytime restlessness and insomnia, while nighttime quietness, no thirst, no vomiting, no exterior signs, absence of high fever, and a deep-micro pulse indicate treatment with Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction). If vexation and restlessness persist after sweating or purging, Fu Ling Si Ni Tang (Poria Four Reversals Decoction) is indicated.
After sweating, vomiting, and purging, if the Zang-Fu organs are deficient and residual heat combines with deficiency causing vexation, characterized by no body pain and a pulse that is neither tight nor rapid, tonification of deficiency is appropriate.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to Yin Excess. In Shaoyin disease with vomiting and diarrhea, cold hands and feet, and extreme restlessness desiring death, Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction) is indicated.