有风寒、有火、有痰、有劳、有肺胀，风寒行痰开腠理，二陈汤加麻黄、杏仁、桔梗之类。火主降火，清金化
痰。 劳主补阴清金四物汤加姜汁、竹沥。肺胀而嗽者，主收敛，用诃子、青黛、杏仁。诃子能治肺气，因火伤极，
遂成郁遏胀满，取其味酸苦，有收敛降火之功，佐以海粉、便浸香附、栝蒌、青黛、半夏曲、姜蜜调噙之。痰饮嗽主
豁痰，随证加减。肺胀嗽，左右不得眠，此痰挟瘀血，碍气而病，养血以降其火，疏肝以清其痰，四物汤加桃仁、诃
子、青皮、竹沥。血碍气作嗽者，桃仁、大黄、姜汁为丸。食积痰作嗽发热者，半夏、南星为君，栝蒌、萝卜子
为臣，青黛、石碱为使。妇人形瘦，有时夜热嗽痰，经事不调，青黛、栝蒌仁、便浸香附为末，姜蜜调噙。清金丸
治食积火郁嗽，知母、贝母各半两，巴豆霜五分上末，姜汁丸，青黛为衣，每服五、七粒，食后温汤下。劳嗽吐红，
人参、白术、茯苓、百合、红花、细辛、五味子、官桂、阿胶、黄 、半夏、门冬、杏仁、白芍药、甘草，上件服，热
则去桂、 用桑皮、麻黄和节、杏仁和皮用。火郁嗽者，诃子、海石、栝蒌仁、青黛、半夏、香附。咳嗽声嘶者，
此血虚受热也，用青黛、蛤粉，蜜调噙化。久嗽风入肺者，宜用烟筒法。干咳嗽者难治，此系火郁之症，乃痰郁
火邪在肺中，用苦梗以开之下，用补阴降火药不已，则成劳。用倒仓法好，此症不得志者，有之。肺郁痰嗽，睡不
安宁，清化丸∶贝母、杏仁，末之，砂糖入姜汁、炊饼丸噙。定嗽劫药，诃子、百药煎、荆穗，末之，姜蜜调噙
化。嗽而胁痛，用青皮，挟痰须用白芥子。又方二陈加南星、香附、青黛、姜汁。痰喘嗽，杏仁、莱菔子炒，等分
研，糊丸服。嗽而口燥咽干，有痰不用半夏、南星，而用栝蒌、贝母。水饮者不用栝蒌、贝母，恐泥膈不快。治心
烦咳嗽等症，以六一散加辰砂。上半日嗽多者，有胃火，知母、石膏。午后嗽多者，阴虚，四物加炒柏、知母。
五更嗽多者，此胃中有食积，至此时流入肺经，以知母、地骨皮、降肺火。黄昏嗽多者，火气浮于肺，不宜用凉药，
宜用五味子敛而降之。有痰，因火动逆上，先治火，后治痰。肺虚甚而嗽者，用人参膏以陈皮、生姜佐之，此好色
肾虚者有之大概。有痰者加痰药。知母止嗽清肺，滋阴降火，夜嗽宜用。饮酒伤肺痰嗽，以竹沥煎紫苏入韭汁，就
栝蒌、杏仁、黄连，末丸服之。吐血嗽血∶红花 杏仁（去皮） 紫菀 鹿茸 枇杷叶（去毛） 桑皮 木通（以上
各一两） 大黄（半两） 上为末，炼蜜为丸，噙化。久嗽痰喘，杏仁去皮尖，用来复丹炒，等分为末，粥丸如麻
子大，每服十五丸，白汤下。阴虚气喘，四物汤加陈皮、甘草些少，以降其气，补其阴，纳白芍药须用酒浸日干。
湿痰带风喘嗽，一味苦寒不可，宜服千缗汤、坠痰丸。一方∶皂角、卜子、杏仁、百药煎，共为末，姜蜜为丸，噙
之。痰嗽方∶酒洗黄芩（一两半） 滑石（五钱） 贝母 南星（各一两） 白芥子（五钱去壳） 风化硝（二
钱半，取其轻浮追降） 上为末，汤浸炊饼丸，青黛为衣。治嗽痢者，多用粟壳，不必疑，但要先去病根，此乃收后
药也。阴分嗽者，多属阴虚。有嗽而肺胀壅遏不得者，难治。治嗽有痰，天突、肺俞二穴灸之，能泄火热，大泻气，一
作火泻。肺热穴在三椎骨下，各横过一寸半是穴，多灸壮数。痰积嗽，非青黛、栝蒌不除。有食积人，面青、白、黄色，
常面上蟹爪路，一黄一白者是。咳逆嗽，非蛤粉、青黛、栝蒌、贝母不除。治嗽烟筒法∶佛耳草（一钱） 款冬花（一
钱） 鹅管石 雄黄（各五钱） 艾铺烧烟吸，茶汤送下。治嗽劫药∶五倍子（一钱） 五味子（五钱） 甘草（二
钱半） 风化硝（一钱） 上为细末，蜜丸噙化。气虚喘嗽，或肥人面白色，脉细弱，气弱，少食，有汗，苍术
调中汤。热症加黄苓、紫苏；痰多加半夏、贝母、栝蒌。肺痿嗽者，人参平肺散。血虚喘嗽，或瘦人面红色，脉弦数
者，久嗽阴虚者，少食涕唾稠粘者，初嗽成劳者，痰苏带红者皆主之。热甚加黄芩、紫苏、半夏。气虚喘嗽倦懒者，
不食不睡，自汗发热，脉洪大而虚，或沉细弱，或喘，或嗽，补中益气汤。甚者加五味子、知母、麦门冬；汗多者，去
升麻、柴胡；喘嗽甚者，加桑白皮、地骨皮。阴虚喘嗽或吐血者，四物汤加知母、黄柏、五味子、人参、麦门冬、桑白
皮、地骨皮；脉细数痰盛，或加栝蒌泻之；食少加白术、陈皮。风寒郁热于肺夜嗽者，三拗汤加知母；脉大而浮有热加
黄芩、生姜。气血俱虚咳嗽吐红者，八物汤加麦门冬、知母，并泻肺气药。喘嗽遇冬则发此，寒包热也，解表则热自除。
用桔梗枳壳汤，枳、桔、橘、半，再加防风、麻黄、紫苏、木通、黄芩。冬寒咳甚加杏仁去黄芩。感冷则嗽，膈上多
痰，二陈汤加炒、枳壳、黄芩、桔梗、苍术、麻黄、木通，姜水煎。久热嗽人壮气实，能食多酒热，脉实数者，凉膈散；
夏月热嗽而咽痛者，加桔梗、荆芥、枳壳。虚嗽以四君子汤加当归、芍药、炙甘草。寒热交作而痰嗽者，小柴胡汤加知
母之类。一方加白芍药、五味子、桑白皮。一方治形寒饮冷，伤肺喘嗽，烦心胸满，气不得通畅者，参苏温肺汤∶陈皮、
紫苏、人参、桑白皮、生姜。又方用四君子汤加紫苏、桑白
皮、陈皮、半夏、肉桂、五味子、木香。如冬寒加去节麻黄、苍术。阴气在下，阳气在上，咳嗽呕吐喘促，用泻白
散。桑白皮（炒三两） 黄芩（三两） 地骨皮（一两） 炙甘草（五钱） 加陈皮、青皮、五味子、人参、茯苓、
粳米二十一粒。喘不得卧，卧则喘少，气逆上，乘于肺，肺得水而浮，使气不得通流，以神秘汤∶白茯苓（五钱）
木香（五钱） 桑白皮 紫苏（叶） 橘皮（炒） 人参（以上各七钱。）其脉沉而大，喘嗽加生姜。里虚或冒风寒，
又兼内事过度，咳嗽恶风因劳∶人参（四钱） 麻黄连根节者（一钱半）二、三帖止，此丹溪先生之神方也。
气血俱虚咳嗽，兼治一切咳嗽∶人参 款冬花 桑白皮 桔梗 五味子 阿胶 乌梅（以上各一两） 贝母（五钱
）御米壳（八两去顶以蜜炒黄） 此名九仙散。脾虚肺寒，痰涎咳嗽紫苏饮子，以三拗汤加紫苏、桑白皮、青皮、
陈皮、五味子、人参、半夏、生姜煎。热嗽胸满，小陷胸汤。好色人元气虚，久嗽不愈者琼玉膏。好酒人嗽者，青黛、
栝蒌，姜蜜丸，噙化以救肺。治嗽大抵多用姜汁以辛散也。一男子，年二十岁，因连夜劳倦不得睡，感寒嗽痰，痰
如黄白脓，嗽声不出，时初春大寒，与小青龙四帖，觉咽喉有丝，血腥气逆上，血线自口中左边一条，顷遂止。如
此每昼夜十余次。其脉弦大散弱，左大为甚，人倦而苦于嗽，予作劳倦感寒。盖始因强与甘辛燥热之剂，以动其血，不
急治恐成肺痿，遂与人参、黄 、当归身、白术、芍药、陈皮、炙甘草、生甘草、不去节麻黄，煎熟入藕汁治之。两
月而病减嗽止，却于前药去麻黄，又与四帖而血止。脉大散尚未收敛，人亦倦甚食少，遂于前药去藕汁，加黄芩、缩砂、
半夏，至半月而安。戴云∶风寒嗽者，鼻塞声重，畏寒；火嗽者，有声痰少，面赤；劳嗽者，盗汗出；兼痰者，
多作寒热；肺胀嗽者，动则
嗽，喘满气急；痰嗽者，嗽动便有痰声，痰出嗽止。五者大概明其是否而施治耳。一妇人积嗽，腹有块，内蒸热∶
贝母 栝蒌 南星 香附（各一两） 姜黄 蓝实（各二钱五分） 白术（一两）。一妇人积痰嗽∶黄芩、黄连、香
附、贝母、栝蒌、生甘草、陈皮、茯苓、白术、知母、杏仁、桑白皮。一人痰积郁嗽∶贝母、黄芩、香附、栝蒌、青
皮（各一两半）。一人体肥，膏粱饮酒，当劳倦发咽痛鼻塞痰嗽，凉膈散加桔梗、荆芥、南星、枳实。
咳嗽的病因包括风寒、火邪、痰饮、劳损以及肺胀。对于风寒引起的咳嗽，治疗原则是行气化痰并开泄腠理（毛孔），可用二陈汤加麻黄、杏仁、桔梗等药物。火邪引起的咳嗽，治疗原则是降火，清润肺金并化解痰液。劳损引起的咳嗽，治疗原则是补阴清金，用四物汤加姜汁、竹沥。因肺胀而咳嗽者，治疗原则是收敛肺气，使用诃子、青黛、杏仁。诃子能调理肺气，因为火邪损伤至极，导致气机郁遏而胀满，取其味酸苦的特性，具有收敛和降火的功效，辅以海粉、便浸香附、栝蒌、青黛、半夏曲，用姜蜜调匀含服。痰饮引起的咳嗽，治疗原则是豁痰，根据症状加减用药。肺胀引起的咳嗽，若左右侧卧均无法安睡，这是痰挟瘀血，阻碍气机所致，治疗需养血以降火，疏肝以清痰，用四物汤加桃仁、诃子、青皮、竹沥。因血碍气而致咳嗽者，用桃仁、大黄、姜汁制成丸剂。食积生痰引起咳嗽发热者，以半夏、南星为君药，栝蒌、萝卜子为臣药，青黛、石碱为使药。妇人形体消瘦，夜间定时发热咳嗽有痰，月经不调，用青黛、栝蒌仁、便浸香附研末，姜蜜调匀含服。清金丸治疗食积火郁引起的咳嗽，由知母、贝母各半两，巴豆霜五分研末，姜汁泛丸，青黛为衣，每次服用五至七粒，食后温开水送下。劳嗽吐血，用人参、白术、茯苓、百合、红花、细辛、五味子、官桂、阿胶、黄芩、半夏、麦门冬、杏仁、白芍药、甘草，上述药物服用时，若有热象则去掉官桂，改用桑白皮；麻黄用节，杏仁用皮。火郁引起的咳嗽，用诃子、海浮石、栝蒌仁、青黛、半夏、香附。咳嗽声音嘶哑者，这是血虚受热所致，用青黛、蛤粉，蜜调含化。久咳风邪入肺者，适宜用烟筒法（吸入药烟）。干咳难以治疗，这属于火郁之症，是痰郁火邪在肺中，用桔梗宣开下部，若只用补阴降火药无效，则会转为劳损。用倒仓法（催吐疗法）效果较好，此症多见于心情不畅者。肺郁痰嗽，睡眠不安，用清化丸：贝母、杏仁研末，加入砂糖、姜汁、炊饼（一种面食）制丸含服。定嗽劫药（强力止咳药），用诃子、百药煎、荆芥穗研末，姜蜜调匀含化。咳嗽伴胁痛，用青皮，挟痰须加白芥子。另一方：二陈汤加南星、香附、青黛、姜汁。痰喘咳嗽，杏仁、莱菔子炒后等分研细，糊丸服用。咳嗽口燥咽干有痰者，不用半夏、南星，而用栝蒌、贝母。水饮停聚者不用栝蒌、贝母，恐怕会阻滞胸膈而不快。治疗心烦咳嗽等症状，用六一散加辰砂。上半日咳嗽多者，属胃火，用知母、石膏。午后咳嗽多者，属阴虚，用四物汤加炒柏皮、知母。五更时分咳嗽多者，这是胃中有食积，此时流入肺经，用知母、地骨皮降肺火。黄昏咳嗽多者，火气浮于肺，不宜用凉药，宜用五味子收敛而降火。有痰因火动逆上者，先治火，后治痰。肺虚甚而咳嗽者，用人参膏，佐以陈皮、生姜，这多见于好色导致的肾虚患者。有痰者加化痰药。知母止嗽清肺，滋阴降火，夜咳适宜使用。饮酒伤肺引起的痰嗽，用竹沥煎紫苏加入韭汁，配合栝蒌、杏仁、黄连研末制丸服用。吐血咳血：红花、杏仁（去皮）、紫菀、鹿茸、枇杷叶（去毛）、桑白皮、木通（以上各一两），大黄（半两），研末，炼蜜为丸，含化。久咳痰喘，杏仁去皮尖，用来复丹炒过，等分为末，米粥制丸如麻子大，每次服十五丸，白开水送下。阴虚气喘，用四物汤加少许陈皮、甘草，以降气补阴，白芍药需用酒浸后晒干。湿痰带风喘嗽，不可单用一味苦寒药，宜服千缗汤、坠痰丸。另一方：皂角、卜子（萝卜子）、杏仁、百药煎，共为末，姜蜜为丸含服。痰嗽方：酒洗黄芩（一两半）、滑石（五钱）、贝母、南星（各一两）、白芥子（五钱去壳）、风化硝（二钱半，取其轻浮追降之性），研末，汤浸炊饼制丸，青黛为衣。治疗咳嗽兼痢疾者，多用罂粟壳，不必怀疑，但必须先去除病根，这是收涩后的药物。阴分咳嗽者，多属阴虚。有咳嗽且肺胀壅遏不通者，难治。治疗咳嗽有痰，可灸天突、肺俞二穴，能泄火热，大泻气，一作火泻。肺热穴在第三椎骨下，向两侧横开一寸半处，多灸壮数。痰积咳嗽，非青黛、栝蒌不能消除。有食积的人，面色青、白、黄，常面部有蟹爪纹路，一黄一白的是。咳逆嗽，非蛤粉、青黛、栝蒌、贝母不能消除。治嗽烟筒法：佛耳草（一钱）、款冬花（一钱）、鹅管石、雄黄（各五钱），铺艾绒烧烟吸入，茶汤送下。治嗽劫药：五倍子（一钱）、五味子（五钱）、甘草（二钱半）、风化硝（一钱），研细末，蜜丸含化。气虚喘嗽，或肥人面白，脉细弱，气弱，少食，有汗，用苍术调中汤。热症加黄芩、紫苏；痰多加半夏、贝母、栝蒌。肺痿咳嗽者，用人参平肺散。血虚喘嗽，或瘦人面红，脉弦数者，久咳阴虚者，少食涕唾稠粘者，初咳成劳者，痰中带红者皆主之。热甚加黄芩、紫苏、半夏。气虚喘嗽倦懒者，不食不睡，自汗发热，脉洪大而虚，或沉细弱，或喘，或嗽，用补中益气汤。甚者加五味子、知母、麦门冬；汗多者，去升麻、柴胡；喘嗽甚者，加桑白皮、地骨皮。阴虚喘嗽或吐血者，用四物汤加知母、黄柏、五味子、人参、麦门冬、桑白皮、地骨皮；脉细数痰盛，或加栝蒌泻之；食少加白术、陈皮。风寒郁热于肺夜咳者，用三拗汤加知母；脉大而浮有热加黄芩、生姜。气血俱虚咳嗽吐血者，用八物汤加麦门冬、知母，并加泻肺气药。喘嗽遇冬季发作，此为寒包热，解表则热自除。用桔梗枳壳汤，枳壳、桔梗、橘皮、半夏，再加防风、麻黄、紫苏、木通、黄芩。冬寒咳甚加杏仁去黄芩。感冷则咳，膈上多痰，用二陈汤加炒枳壳、黄芩、桔梗、苍术、麻黄、木通，姜水煎。久热咳人气壮实，能食多酒热，脉实数者，用凉膈散；夏月热咳而咽痛者，加桔梗、荆芥、枳壳。虚嗽用四君子汤加当归、芍药、炙甘草。寒热交作而痰嗽者，用小柴胡汤加知母之类。一方加白芍药、五味子、桑白皮。一方治疗形寒饮冷，伤肺喘嗽，烦心胸满，气不得通畅者，用参苏温肺汤：陈皮、紫苏、人参、桑白皮、生姜。又一方用四君子汤加紫苏、桑白皮、陈皮、半夏、肉桂、五味子、木香。如冬寒加去节麻黄、苍术。阴气在下，阳气在上，咳嗽呕吐喘促，用泻白散。桑白皮（炒三两）、黄芩（三两）、地骨皮（一两）、炙甘草（五钱），加陈皮、青皮、五味子、人参、茯苓、粳米二十一粒。喘不得卧，卧则喘少，气逆上，乘于肺，肺得水而浮，使气不得通流，用神秘汤：白茯苓（五钱）、木香（五钱）、桑白皮、紫苏（叶）、橘皮（炒）、人参（以上各七钱）。其脉沉而大，喘嗽加生姜。里虚或冒风寒，又兼内事过度，咳嗽恶风因劳：人参（四钱）、麻黄连根节者（一钱半），二、三帖即止，这是丹溪先生的神方。气血俱虚咳嗽，兼治一切咳嗽：人参、款冬花、桑白皮、桔梗、五味子、阿胶、乌梅（以上各一两），贝母（五钱），御米壳（八两去顶以蜜炒黄），此名九仙散。脾虚肺寒，痰涎咳嗽用紫苏饮子，以三拗汤加紫苏、桑白皮、青皮、陈皮、五味子、人参、半夏、生姜煎。热嗽胸满，用小陷胸汤。好色之人元气虚，久嗽不愈者用琼玉膏。好酒之人咳嗽者，用青黛、栝蒌，姜蜜丸，含化以救肺。治疗咳嗽大抵多用姜汁以辛散。一男子，年二十岁，因连夜劳倦不得睡，感寒嗽痰，痰如黄白脓，咳声不出，时值初春大寒，与小青龙汤四帖，觉咽喉有丝状血腥气逆上，血线自口中左边一条流出，片刻停止。如此每昼夜十余次。其脉弦大散弱，左大为甚，人倦而苦于咳嗽，我认为是劳倦感寒。起初因强行给予甘辛燥热之剂，以动其血，若不急治恐成肺痿，遂给与人参、黄芪、当归身、白术、芍药、陈皮、炙甘草、生甘草、不去节麻黄，煎熟后入藕汁治疗。两月而病减咳止，却于前药中去麻黄，又与四帖而血止。脉大散尚未收敛，人也倦甚食少，遂于前药中去藕汁，加黄芩、缩砂、半夏，至半月而安。戴云说：风寒咳嗽者，鼻塞声重，畏寒；火咳者，有声痰少，面赤；劳咳者，盗汗出；兼痰者，多作寒热；肺胀咳者，动则咳，喘满气急；痰咳者，咳动便有痰声，痰出咳止。这五种情况大概明确其是否对症而施治罢了。一妇人积嗽，腹有块，内蒸热：贝母、栝蒌、南星、香附（各一两），姜黄、蓝实（各二钱五分），白术（一两）。一妇人积痰嗽：黄芩、黄连、香附、贝母、栝蒌、生甘草、陈皮、茯苓、白术、知母、杏仁、桑白皮。一人痰积郁嗽：贝母、黄芩、香附、栝蒌、青皮（各一两半）。一人身体肥胖，膏粱饮酒，当劳倦发咽痛鼻塞痰嗽，用凉膈散加桔梗、荆芥、南星、枳实。
Cough etiology includes wind-cold, fire, phlegm, exhaustion (lao), and lung distension. For cough caused by wind-cold, the treatment principle is to move qi, resolve phlegm, and open the couli (pores); Er Chen Tang (Two Aged Decoction) may be added with Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁), and Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗). For cough caused by fire, the principle is to descend fire, clear the Metal (Lung), and transform phlegm. For cough caused by exhaustion, the principle is to tonify Yin and clear the Lung; Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) is used with Ginger Juice and Bamboo Sap. For cough due to lung distension, the principle is astringency, using Terminalia Chebula Fructus (Hezi, 诃子), Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai, 青黛), and Armeniacae Semen Amarum. Hezi regulates Lung Qi; because extreme damage by fire leads to stagnation and distension, its sour and bitter taste provides astringent and fire-descending effects. It is assisted by Hai Fen (Sea Shell Powder), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma) soaked in urine, Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou, 栝蒌), Qingdai, and Ban Xia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentatum), taken as a lozenge with Ginger Juice and Honey. For cough due to phlegm-fluids, the principle is to expel phlegm, modified according to symptoms. For cough due to lung distension where one cannot sleep on either side, this is phlegm combined with blood stasis obstructing Qi; treatment requires nourishing Blood to descend fire and soothing the Liver to clear phlegm, using Si Wu Tang plus Persicae Semen (Taoren, 桃仁), Hezi, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi, 青皮), and Bamboo Sap. For cough caused by Blood obstructing Qi, use Taoren, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄), and Ginger Juice made into pills. For cough and fever caused by food retention generating phlegm, Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (Nanxing, 南星) are the Sovereign herbs, Trichosanthis Fructus and Raphani Semen (Luobozhi, 萝卜子) are the Minister herbs, and Qingdai and Shi Jian (Stone Alkali) are the Assistant herbs. For thin women with night fevers, cough with phlegm, and irregular menstruation, use Qingdai, Gualou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen), and Xiang Fu powder, taken as a lozenge with Ginger Juice and Honey. Qing Jin Wan (Clear Metal Pill) treats cough due to food retention and fire stagnation: Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母) and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (Beimu, 贝母) each half tael, Crotonis Fructus Frost (Badoushuang, 巴豆霜) five fen, powdered, pillified with Ginger Juice, coated with Qingdai; take 5-7 pills after meals with warm water. For exhaustion cough with hemoptysis, use Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术), Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), Lilii Bulbus (Baihe, 百合), Carthami Flos (Honghua, 红花), Asari Radix (Xixin, 细辛), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guigui, 官桂), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao, 阿胶), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Banxia, Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mendong, 门冬), Xingren, Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍药), and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao, 甘草). When taking these, if there is heat, remove Guigui and use Pleuroti Ostreae Lamella (Sangbai, 桑皮); use Mahuang joints and Xingren skins. For cough due to fire stagnation, use Hezi, Hai Shi (Sea Floating Stone), Gualou Ren, Qingdai, Banxia, and Xiang Fu. For hoarse cough due to Blood deficiency and heat, use Qingdai and Ge Fen (Clam Shell Powder), taken as a lozenge with Honey. For chronic cough with wind invading the Lung, the Smoke Tube Method (inhaling medicated smoke) is suitable. Dry cough is difficult to treat; it belongs to fire stagnation, where phlegm-stagnant fire evil resides in the Lung. Use Jiegeng to open downwards; if Yin-tonifying and fire-descending medicines fail, it becomes exhaustion. The Dao Cang Method (purging/vomiting therapy) is effective, often seen in those with emotional distress. For Lung stagnation with phlegm cough and restless sleep, use Qing Hua Wan: Beimu and Xingren powdered, mixed with Rock Sugar, Ginger Juice, and Chuan Bing (steamed dough) to make pills for lozenges. Ding Sou Jie Yao (Strong Cough-Stopping Medicine): Hezi, Bai Yao Jian (Fermented Tea Brick), and Jing Sui (Schizonepeta Spike) powdered, taken as a lozenge with Ginger and Honey. For cough with hypochondriac pain, use Qingpi; if accompanied by phlegm, add Bai Jie Zi (White Mustard Seed). Another formula: Er Chen Tang plus Nanxing, Xiang Fu, Qingdai, and Ginger Juice. For phlegm-wheeze cough, stir-fried Xingfen and Laifuzi (Radish Seed) in equal parts, powdered, pillified with paste. For cough with dry mouth and throat with phlegm, do not use Banxia or Nanxing; instead use Gualou and Beimu. For fluid retention, do not use Gualou or Beimu, as they may obstruct the chest. To treat irritability and cough, use Liu Yi San (Six-to-One Powder) plus Zhusha (Cinnabar). For morning cough, consider Stomach Fire: Zhimu and Shigao (Gypsum). For afternoon cough, consider Yin Deficiency: Si Wu Tang plus fried Phellodendri Cortex (Baihuangbo, 炒柏) and Zhimu. For early morning cough, consider food retention in the Stomach flowing into the Lung meridian at this time; use Zhimu and Digupi (Dogwood Root Bark) to descend Lung fire. For evening cough, fire floats in the Lung; cool medicines are unsuitable; use Wuweizi to astringe and descend fire. For phlegm moving upward due to fire, treat fire first, then phlegm. For severe Lung deficiency cough, use Renshen Gao (Ginseng Paste) assisted by Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), common in kidney deficiency from excessive sexual activity. Add phlegm-resolving herbs if phlegm is present. Zhimu stops cough, clears the Lung, nourishes Yin, and descends fire; suitable for night cough. For alcohol-induced Lung injury causing phlegm cough, decoct Zhusu (Perilla Leaf) in Bamboo Sap, add Jiuzhi (Leek Juice), Gualou, Xingren, and Huanglian, powder, and make pills. For hematemesis and hemoptysis: Honghua, Xingren (skinless), Ziwan (Aster Root), Lurong (Deer Antler), Pipaye (Loquat Leaf, hair removed), Sangbai, Mutong (Akebia Stem), each one tael; Dahuang half tael. Powder, honey-pill, take as lozenge. For chronic cough with phlegm and wheezing, peel Xingren, stir-fry with Laifu Dan (Return to Life Pill), powder equally, make pills like sesame seeds with congee; take 15 pills with plain water. For Yin-deficiency asthma, Si Wu Tang plus a little Chenpi and Gancao to descend Qi and tonify Yin; Baishao must be wine-soaked and sun-dried. For damp-phlegm with wind wheezing, do not use a single cold-bitter herb; use Qian Min Tang or Zhui Tan Wan. Another formula: Zaorou (Soap Pod), Bozi (Radish Seed), Xingren, and Baiyaojian, powdered, pillified with Ginger and Honey for lozenges. Phlegm Cough Formula: Wine-washed Huangqin (one and a half taels), Huashi (Talcum, five qian), Beimu, Nanxing (each one tael), Bai Jiezi (five qian, shelled), Fenghua Xiao (Fossilized Soda Ash, two and a half qian, for its light descending nature). Powder, pillify with dough soaked in water, coat with Qingdai. For cough with dysentery, use Yumi Ke (Poppy Shell) frequently without doubt, but remove the root cause first; this is a post-treatment astringent. Yin-point cough mostly belongs to Yin deficiency. Cough with lung distension and obstruction is difficult to treat. For cough with phlegm, moxa Tian Tu (CV22) and Fei Shu (BL13) acupoints to drain fire and greatly reduce Qi. Lung Heat point is below the third thoracic vertebra, one and a half cun lateral; apply many moxa cones. Phlegm accumulation cough requires Qingdai and Gualou to eliminate. People with food retention have green, white, or yellow faces, often with crab-claw patterns on the face, alternating yellow and white. Cough with counterflow requires Ge Fen, Qingdai, Gualou, and Beimu to eliminate. Smoke Tube Method for Cough: Foer Cao (Ferrularia Root, one qian), Kua Dong Hua (Winter Flower, one qian), Eguan Shi (Goose Pipe Stone), and Xionghuang (Realgar, each five qian). Burn mugwort and inhale smoke, wash down with tea. Cough-Stopping劫药: Wubeizi (Chinese Gall, one qian), Wuweizi (five qian), Gancao (two and a half qian), Fenghua Xiao (one qian). Fine powder, honey-pill, take as lozenge. For Qi-deficiency wheezing cough, or fat people with pale faces, fine weak pulse, weak Qi, poor appetite, sweating, use Cang Zhu Tiao Zhong Tang (Atractylodes Middle-Jiao Regulating Decoction). Add heat: Huangqin, Zisu. Add phlegm: Banxia, Beimu, Gualou. For Lung萎 (Flaccidity) cough, use Renshen Ping Fei San (Ginseng Lung-Pacifying Powder). For Blood-deficiency wheezing cough, or thin people with red faces, wiry rapid pulse, chronic Yin-deficiency cough, scanty thick sputum, initial cough becoming exhaustion, or phlegm with blood, this formula applies. If heat is severe, add Huangqin, Zisu, Banxia. For Qi-deficiency wheezing with fatigue, no eating/sleeping, spontaneous sweating, fever, large empty pulse or deep weak pulse, or wheezing/cough, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). If severe, add Wuweizi, Zhimu, Maidong; if sweating is profuse, remove Shengma and Chaihu; if wheezing/cough is severe, add Sangbai and Digupi. For Yin-deficiency wheezing or hemoptysis, Si Wu Tang plus Zhimu, Huangbai, Wuweizi, Renshen, Maidong, Sangbai, Digupi; if pulse is fine-rapid with abundant phlegm, add Gualou to drain; if poor appetite, add Baizhu and Chenpi. For wind-cold stagnating heat in the Lung causing night cough, use San Ao Tang (Three Unbinding Decoction) plus Zhimu; if pulse is large-floating with heat, add Huangqin and Shengjiang. For Qi and Blood dual deficiency cough with hemoptysis, use Ba Wu Tang (Eight Substance Decoction) plus Maidong and Zhimu, along with Lung-draining herbs. Wheezing cough recurring in winter is Cold wrapping Heat; release the exterior and heat will dissipate. Use Jiegeng Zhike Tang (Platycodon and Aurantium Decoction): Zhike, Jiegeng, Ju Pi, Banxia, plus Fangfeng, Mahuang, Zisu, Mutong, Huangqin. If winter cold causes severe cough, add Xingren and remove Huangqin. Cough triggered by cold with upper diaphragm phlegm: Er Chen Tang plus stir-fried Zhike, Huangqin, Jiegeng, Cangzhu, Mahuang, Mutong, decocted in Ginger water. For chronic hot cough in robust individuals who eat well, drink alcohol, with excess-rapid pulse, use Liang Ge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder); for summer hot cough with sore throat, add Jiegeng, Jingjie, Zhike. For deficiency cough, use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Danggui, Shaoyao, and Roasted Gancao. For alternating chills/fever with phlegm cough, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) plus Zhimu. One formula adds Baishao, Wuweizi, Sangbai. Another treats cold form and cold drinks injuring the Lung causing wheezing, chest fullness, and Qi obstruction: Shen Su Wen Fei Tang (Ginseng and Perilla Warming Lung Decoction): Chenpi, Zisu, Renshen, Sangbai, Shengjiang. Another formula: Si Jun Zi Tang plus Zisu, Sangbai, Chenpi, Banxia, Rougui, Wuweizi, Muxiang. In winter cold, add Mahuang (without joints) and Cangzhu. With Yin Qi below and Yang Qi above, causing cough, vomiting, and wheezing, use Xie Bai San (Drain White Powder). Stir-fried Sangbai (three taels), Huangqin (three taels), Digupi (one tael), Roasted Gancao (five qian), plus Chenpi, Qingpi, Wuweizi, Renshen, Fuling, and 21 grains of Rice. For inability to lie flat due to wheezing, less wheezing when lying down, rebellious Qi attacking the Lung, Lung floating upon receiving water preventing Qi flow, use Shen Mi Tang (Divine Mystery Decoction): Baifuling (Poria, five qian), Muxiang (Aucklandia, five qian), Sangbai, Zisu (Leaf), Ju Pi (Stir-fried), Renshen (each seven qian). If pulse is deep-large with wheezing, add Shengjiang. For interior deficiency or wind-cold invasion combined with internal overexertion, causing cough, aversion to wind, and labor-induced cough: Renshen (four qian), Mahlian Genjie (Mahuang connected roots and joints, one and a half qian). Two to three doses stop it; this is Master Danxi's divine formula. For Qi and Blood dual deficiency cough, treating all coughs: Renshen, Kua Dong Hua, Sangbai, Jiegeng, Wuweizi, Ejiao, Wumei (Chinese Plum, each one tael), Beimu (five qian), Yumi Ke (Papaver Shell, eight taels, top removed, honey-roasted yellow). This is named Jiu Xian San (Nine Immortals Powder). For Spleen deficiency and Lung cold with salivary cough, use Zisu Yin Zi (Perilla Infusion), based on San Ao Tang plus Zisu, Sangbai, Qingpi, Chenpi, Wuweizi, Renshen, Banxia, and Shengjiang decocted. For hot cough with chest fullness, use Xiao Xian Xiong Tang (Minor Trap-in-the-Chest Decoction). For lustful people with deficient Yuan Qi and chronic unresolved cough, use Qiong Yu Gao (Jade Pearl Paste). For drinkers' cough, use Qingdai and Gualou, pillified with Ginger and Honey, taken as lozenge to save the Lung. Generally, treating cough uses much Ginger Juice for pungent dispersion. A twenty-year-old man, due to overnight fatigue and lack of sleep, contracted cold causing cough with phlegm resembling yellow-white pus, voice lost. In early spring cold, given four doses of Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction), he felt silk-like bloody odor rising in the throat, a stream of blood flowed from the left side of his mouth, stopping shortly. This occurred ten-plus times daily. Pulse was wiry-large, scattered-weak, left larger than right; patient tired and suffering from cough. I diagnosed exhaustion with cold contraction. Initially, strong sweet-pungent dry-hot agents moved the blood;若不急治恐成肺痿 (if not treated urgently, Lung Flaccidity would result). So I gave Renshen, Huangqi (Astragalus), Danggui Shen (Angelica Body), Baizhu, Shaoyao, Chenpi, Roasted Gancao, Raw Gancao, and Mahuang (without joints), decocted with Ou Zhi (Lotus Root Juice). After two months, illness reduced and cough stopped. Remove Mahuang from previous formula, give four more doses until bleeding stops. Pulse still large-scattered and not converged; patient very tired with poor appetite. Remove Ou Zhi, add Huangqin, Suosha (Amomum), Banxia. Recovered in half a month. Dai Yun said: Wind-cold cough has nasal congestion, heavy voice, aversion to cold; Fire cough has sound but little phlegm, red face; Exhaustion cough has night sweats; Combined with phlegm has alternating chills/fever; Lung distension cough worsens with movement, with wheezing/fullness/urgency; Phlegm cough has phlegm sound upon coughing, cough stops when phlegm exits. These five types require clear differentiation before treatment. A woman with accumulated cough and abdominal mass with internal steaming heat: Beimu, Gualou, Nanxing, Xiang Fu (each one tael), Jianghuang (Turmeric), Lanshi (Isatis Fruit, each two and a half qian), Baizhu (one tael). A woman with accumulated phlegm cough: Huangqin, Huanglian, Xiang Fu, Beimu, Gualou, Raw Gancao, Chenpi, Fuling, Baizhu, Zhimu, Xingren, Sangbai. A person with phlegm accumulation stagnation cough: Beimu, Huangqin, Xiang Fu, Gualou, Qingpi (each one and a half taels). A fat person consuming rich food/alcohol, developing sore throat/nasal congestion/phlegm cough during fatigue: Liang Ge San plus Jiegeng, Jingjie, Nanxing, Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange).