阳气伏藏，阴气越出，阴阳不相顺接，所以厥也。若先热而后厥者，乃热邪伏于内也。先厥而
后热者，乃阴退而阳得复也。
若始得病便厥者，是阳不足而阴胜也。热伏于内者，其脉沉而数，狂言发渴，露手扬衣，躁不得
眠，或大便闭。初便厥者，其脉沉迟而弱，醒醒而静，恶寒引衣，或下利清谷也。其或恶寒蜷卧，
烦躁下利，不知人，皆为恶候，故曰逆也。
先发热而后厥者，扬手掷足，烦躁饮水，畏热头汗，大便闭，小便赤，怫郁昏悸，当下失下，
血气不通，所以谓热深则厥深者，此也，大柴胡汤、小承气选而用之。
初病便厥，足挛恶寒，引衣自盖，不渴，大小便自利，默默而惶惶，诸四逆选用之。
伤寒，厥而心下悸者，宜先治悸，茯苓桂甘汤；后治厥，四逆汤。吐利厥逆，烦躁欲死者，吴
茱萸汤、当归四逆汤，仍灸太溪。
不大便，谓大便难也。皆因发汗，利小便，耗其津液，以致肠胃干燥，而转属阳明里者多矣。
其小便自数者，则为津液偏胜，故使大便亦难也。若下，若发汗，小便数，大便硬者，与承气汤和
之，谓津液内竭也。又有不宜便下者，至于脉浮，脉虚，恶寒，此尤带表邪，乃不可下。其呕吐，
为邪未入腑，虽有阳明证，不可攻之。小便清者，知其邪不在里，仍在表也。大便难，小便少，不
转矢气，此内无燥屎也，但初硬后溏尔。阳明脉浮，或经发汗，小便自利，不大便者，亦津液内竭，
宜蜜导煎通之。经曰∶其脉浮而数，能食，不大便，此为实，名曰阳结也，宜大柴
胡汤。若不了了，得屎而解。其脉沉而迟，不能食，身体重，大便反难，名曰阴结也，宜金液丹。
伤寒，不大便六七日，头痛有热者，小承气汤。
病患不大便六七日，绕脐烦躁，发作有时者，此为屎硬不得大便，小承气汤。
夫病阳明者，下之则硬；汗多极，发其汗则亦硬，并小柴胡汤。
阳明病，胁下硬满，不大便而呕，舌上白苔，小柴胡汤。
少阴病六七日，腹胀不大便，急下之，大承气汤。
若发汗，若利小便，津液内竭，大便自难者，不可攻之；无阴阳，强大便者，下之，必清谷
胀满，并用蜜导煎。
阳气潜藏，阴气外越，阴阳之气不能相互顺接贯通，因此出现四肢厥冷。如果先发热而后出现四肢厥冷，这是热邪伏结于体内所致。如果先出现四肢厥冷而后发热，这是阴邪退去而阳气得以恢复的表现。
如果患病一开始就出现四肢厥冷，这是阳气不足而阴寒偏盛所致。热邪伏结于体内的，其脉象沉而数，伴有胡言乱语、口渴、伸开双手掀开衣服、烦躁不得安睡，或者大便闭塞不通。刚开始就出现四肢厥冷的，其脉象沉迟而弱，神情清醒安静，怕冷并拉过衣物遮盖身体，或者出现下利清谷（泻下未消化的食物）。如果出现怕冷蜷缩而卧、烦躁下利、神志不清，这些都是不良的征候，所以称为“逆”证。
先发热而后出现四肢厥冷的，表现为扬手掷足、烦躁想喝水、怕热且头部出汗、大便闭塞、小便色赤、郁结昏沉心悸，这是因为应当使用攻下法而未及时使用，导致气血不通，这就是所说的“热深则厥深”，此时应选用大柴胡汤或小承气汤进行治疗。
刚发病就出现四肢厥冷的，表现为手足拘挛、怕冷、拉过衣物自我遮盖、口不渴、大小便正常通畅、沉默寡言且内心惶恐不安，此时应选用各种四逆汤类方剂治疗。
患伤寒病，出现四肢厥冷且心下悸动的，应当先治疗心悸，用茯苓桂甘汤；之后再治疗四肢厥冷，用四逆汤。呕吐、下利并见四肢厥冷、烦躁欲死的，用吴茱萸汤或当归四逆汤，同时艾灸太溪穴。
不大便，是指排便困难。大多是因为发汗、利小便，耗伤了津液，导致肠胃干燥，从而转化为阳明里实证的情况很多。如果小便频数，说明津液偏渗于膀胱，因此导致大便也困难。如果使用攻下法，或者发汗后小便频数、大便干硬，给予承气汤调和它，这被称为津液在内枯竭。又有不适合立即攻下的情况，如脉浮、脉虚、怕冷，这些尤其带有表邪，不可攻下。如果有呕吐，说明邪气尚未入腑，即使有阳明病的症状，也不可攻下。小便清澈的，可知邪气不在里，仍在表。大便困难、小便少、不放屁，这说明内部没有燥屎，只是初头硬而后溏薄而已。阳明病脉浮，或者经过发汗后小便自利、不大便的，也是津液内竭，宜用蜜煎导法通便。经书说：脉浮而数，能进食，不大便，这是实证，名叫阳结，宜用大柴胡汤。如果症状未完全解除，排出粪便后即可缓解。脉沉而迟，不能进食，身体沉重，大便反而困难，名叫阴结，宜用金液丹。
病人不大便六七天，绕脐部烦躁，发作有定时的，这是粪便坚硬导致无法排便，用小承气汤。
患有阳明病的，如果用下法会导致大便更硬；如果汗出过多极甚，再发其汗也会导致大便硬，这两种情况都可用小柴胡汤。
如果发汗，或者利小便，导致津液内竭，大便自然困难，不可攻下；如果没有明显的阴阳虚实指征，强行攻下大便，必然导致下利清谷、腹胀满，这些都应用蜜煎导法。
Yang qi is concealed, while yin qi protrudes outward; the failure of yin and yang to connect smoothly results in cold extremities (Jue). If fever occurs first followed by cold extremities, it indicates heat pathogen concealed within. If cold extremities occur first followed by fever, it signifies the retreat of yin and the restoration of yang.
If cold extremities appear immediately upon onset of illness, it is due to deficiency of yang and excess of yin. In cases where heat is concealed within, the pulse is deep and rapid, accompanied by delirium, thirst, extending arms and throwing off clothes, restlessness with inability to sleep, or constipation. In cases where cold extremities appear initially, the pulse is deep, slow, and weak; the patient remains clear-headed and quiet, fears cold and pulls clothes to cover themselves, or experiences diarrhea with undigested food. Cases involving fear of cold with curling up, restlessness with diarrhea, and unconsciousness are all adverse prognoses, hence termed "reverse" (Ni).
In cases of initial fever followed by cold extremities, symptoms include waving hands and kicking feet, irritability with desire for water, aversion to heat with sweating on the head, constipation, dark urine, oppression, dizziness, and palpitations. This occurs because purgation was indicated but not administered, leading to obstruction of qi and blood. This is what is meant by "the deeper the heat, the deeper the cold extremities." Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) or Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) should be selected for use.
In cases where cold extremities appear at the very beginning of illness, symptoms include cramping of the feet, aversion to cold, pulling clothes to cover oneself, absence of thirst, normal urination and defecation, silence mixed with anxiety. Various Si Ni Tang variants (Four Counterflow Decoctions) should be selected.
In Shaoyin disease presenting with cold extremities and epigastric palpitations, treat the palpitations first with Fu Ling Gui Gan Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, and Licorice Decoction); subsequently treat the cold extremities with Si Ni Tang (Four Counterflow Decoction). For vomiting, diarrhea, cold extremities, and severe irritability as if dying, use Wu Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction) or Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Angelica Four Counterflow Decoction), and moxa the Taixi (KI-3) acupoint.
Constipation refers to difficulty in defecation. It often arises from sweating or diuresis depleting body fluids, causing dryness of the intestines and stomach, frequently transforming into Yangming interior syndrome. If urination is frequent, fluids are diverted to the bladder, making defecation difficult. If purgation or sweating leads to frequent urination and hard stool, administer Cheng Qi Tang formulas to harmonize, indicating depletion of internal fluids. There are cases unsuitable for immediate purgation, such as floating pulse, deficient pulse, or aversion to cold, which indicate exterior pathogen retention and contraindicate purgation. Vomiting suggests the pathogen has not entered the fu organs; even with Yangming signs, attack is contraindicated. Clear urine indicates the pathogen remains in the exterior, not the interior. Difficulty in defecation with scanty urine and no flatus indicates no dry feces in the interior, only hard stool at the beginning and loose stool later. In Yangming disease with a floating pulse, or after sweating with spontaneous urination and constipation, it is also due to fluid depletion; honey suppositories (Mi Dao Jian) should be used to promote passage. The Classic states: A floating and rapid pulse, ability to eat, and constipation constitute an excess pattern named Yang Jie (Yang Binding), treated with Da Chai Hu Tang. If symptoms persist, relief comes after passing stool. A deep and slow pulse, inability to eat, heavy body, and difficult defecation constitute Yin Jie (Yin Binding), treated with Jin Ye Dan (Golden Liquid Pill).
In Shaoyang disease, if constipation persists for six to seven days with headache and fever, use Xiao Cheng Qi Tang.
If a patient has had constipation for six to seven days with periumbilical irritability occurring at specific times, this indicates hard feces preventing passage; use Xiao Cheng Qi Tang.
For Yangming disease, purgation may cause hardness; excessive sweating followed by further sweating also causes hardness; both may be managed with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
In Yangming disease with hardness and fullness in the hypochondrium, constipation, vomiting, and a white coating on the tongue, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang.
In Shaoyin disease lasting six to seven days with abdominal distension and constipation, urgent purgation is required using Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction).
If sweating or diuresis depletes internal fluids causing natural difficulty in defecation, do not purge. Without clear yin-yang differentiation, forcibly purging will lead to diarrhea with undigested food and abdominal distension; in such cases, use honey suppositories.