战栗者，阴阳争战，故身为之摇也。邪气外与正气争，则为战。邪气内与正气
争，则为栗。战者正气胜，故有得汗而解者。栗则不战而但鼓颔，遂成寒逆。此阴气内热，正不胜
邪，宜姜附四逆汤加灼艾以御之。经曰∶阴中干邪，必内栗也。又云∶邪中下焦阴气为栗。足膝逆
冷，便溺妄出，皆此类耳。方在恶寒条，四逆汤、甘草干姜汤。若复躁而不得卧者，不治。
时行者，春应暖而反大寒，夏应热而反大凉，秋应凉而反大热，冬应寒而反大温，此非其时而
有其气。是以一岁之中，长幼之病多相似者，此实时行之气。春感寒邪在肝，升麻葛根解肌汤。夏
感寒邪在心，调中益气汤、射香汤、半夏桂枝甘草汤。秋感湿邪在肺，白虎加苍术；发黄，茵陈五
苓散。冬感寒邪在肾，名曰冬温，栝蒌汤。温疫通用人参败毒散、升麻葛根汤。从春分以后至秋分
节前，天有暴寒者，皆为时行寒疫，宜用辛温药发散。
伤寒两感，半属于阴，半属于阳，脏腑俱受病。一日太阳、少阴俱病，则头疼口干，烦满而渴。
二日阳明、太阴受病，则腹满身热，不欲食，谵语。三日少阳、
厥阴俱病，则耳聋，囊缩而厥，水浆不入口，不知人者，六七日死，长沙无治法。但凡两感病俱作，
治有先后，发表攻里，本自不同。后人以意消息，谓如下利不止，身体疼痛，当先救里，与四逆汤；
清便自调，与桂枝汤。然治有先后之说。
太阳先受病，在表，先解表。少阴先受病，在里，先救里。先表者，里不可缓也。先里者，表
亦不可缓也。此通权变之论也。
战栗，是阴阳之气相互争战的表现，因此身体会出现摇动。邪气在外部与正气相争，就称为“战”；邪气在内部与正气相争，就称为“栗”。出现“战”的情况，说明正气占优势，所以会有通过出汗而病愈的现象。“栗”则不表现为身体的摇动，仅见下巴鼓动（牙齿打颤），最终形成寒逆之证。这是由于阴气内盛且伴有热象，正气不能战胜邪气所致，适宜使用姜附四逆汤并配合艾灸来抵御病邪。医经中说：“阴分受到邪气侵袭，必然出现体内战栗。”又说：“邪气侵入下焦，阴气受扰而产生战栗。”足膝逆冷、大小便失禁等，都属于这类情况。相关方剂见恶寒条目的四逆汤和甘草干姜汤。如果患者又出现烦躁不安且无法躺卧的症状，则属于不治之症。
时行病，是指春季本该温暖却反而大寒，夏季本该炎热却反而大凉，秋季本该凉爽却反而大热，冬季本该寒冷却反而大温，这种非其时而有其气的现象。因此在一年的时间内，无论老少患病症状大多相似，这就是所谓的时行之气。春季感受寒邪，病位在肝，用升麻葛根解肌汤治疗；夏季感受寒邪，病位在心，用调中益气汤、射香汤、半夏桂枝甘草汤治疗；秋季感受湿邪，病位在肺，用白虎加苍术汤治疗；若出现发黄症状，用茵陈五苓散治疗；冬季感受寒邪，病位在肾，名为冬温，用栝蒌汤治疗。温疫通用人参败毒散或升麻葛根汤。从春分以后到秋分节前，天空出现暴寒天气的，都称为时行寒疫，适宜使用辛温药物发散邪气。
伤寒两感证，一半属于阴证，一半属于阳证，脏腑同时受到病邪侵袭。第一天太阳经和少阴经同时发病，则出现头痛、口干、烦闷胀满且口渴。第二天阳明经和太阴经受病，则出现腹部胀满、身体发热、不想进食、胡言乱语。第三天少阳经和厥阴经同时发病，则出现耳聋、睾丸收缩、四肢厥冷、水浆不进、神志不清不认识人，这种情况通常在六七天死亡，长沙太守张仲景没有留下治疗方法。凡是两感病同时发作，治疗有先后顺序之分，解表攻里，原本就是不同的治法。后人根据病情斟酌变通，认为如下利不止、身体疼痛时，应当先救里，给予四逆汤；若大小便正常，则给予桂枝汤。这就是关于治疗有先后的说法。
如果是太阳经先受病，病在体表，应先解表；如果是少阴经先受病，病在体内，应先救里。先解表的，救里也不可迟缓；先救里的，解表也不可迟缓。这是通权达变的论述。
Tremors (Zhan Li) refer to the contention between Yin and Yang, causing the body to shake. When pathogenic factors contend with healthy Qi externally, it is called "Zhan" (shivering); when they contend internally, it is called "Li" (trembling). In "Zhan," healthy Qi prevails, so resolution through sweating may occur. In "Li," there is no shivering but only quivering of the jaw, leading to a state of cold reversal. This is due to internal excess of Yin Qi with heat, where healthy Qi fails to overcome the pathogen; it is appropriate to use Jiang Fu Si Ni Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction Reversing Cold) combined with moxibustion to resist the condition. The Classics state: "When Yin is invaded by pathogens, internal trembling must occur." It also says: "When pathogens strike the Lower Jiao, Yin Qi causes trembling." Cold reversal in the feet and knees, and incontinence of urine and feces all belong to this category. The formulas are found under the section on aversion to cold: Si Ni Tang (Reversing Cold Decoction) and Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction). If restlessness occurs such that the patient cannot lie down, it is incurable.
Shi Xing Bing (Seasonal Epidemic Disease) refers to spring being warm but unexpectedly cold, summer being hot but unexpectedly cool, autumn being cool but unexpectedly hot, and winter being cold but unexpectedly warm—this is having the Qi of one season at the wrong time. Therefore, within a year, diseases among people of all ages tend to be similar; this is the Qi of seasonal epidemics. In spring, contracting cold pathogens affects the Liver; treat with Sheng Ma Ge Gen Jie Ji Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Decoction to Release the Muscle Layer). In summer, contracting cold pathogens affects the Heart; treat with Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Regulating the Middle and Augmenting Qi Decoction), She Xiang Tang (Musk Decoction), or Ban Xia Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang (Pinellia, Cinnamon Twig, and Licorice Decoction). In autumn, contracting damp pathogens affects the Lungs; treat with Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang (White Tiger plus Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction). If jaundice appears, treat with Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Artemisia Scoparia Five-Ingredient Powder). In winter, contracting cold pathogens affects the Kidneys, named Dong Wen (Winter Warmth); treat with Gua Lou Tang (Trichosanthes Decoction). For Wen Yi (Warm Pestilence), Ren Shen Bai Du San (Ginseng Detoxifying Powder) or Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Decoction) are generally used. From after the Spring Equinox to before the Autumn Equinox, if sudden cold weather occurs, it is all considered Shi Xing Han Yi (Seasonal Cold Epidemic), and acrid-warm herbs should be used to disperse the pathogen.
Shang Han Liang Gan (Cold Damage Double Contamination) involves half Yin and half Yang patterns, with both Zang and Fu organs affected. On the first day, Tai Yang and Shao Yin are both diseased, presenting with headache, dry mouth, irritability, fullness, and thirst. On the second day, Yang Ming and Tai Yin are affected, presenting with abdominal fullness, fever, anorexia, and delirious speech. On the third day, Shao Yang and Jue Yin are both diseased, presenting with deafness, retraction of the testicles, cold limbs, inability to take fluids, and unconsciousness; death typically occurs within six or seven days. Zhang Zhongjing (the Prefect of Changsha) left no treatment method for this. Whenever Liang Gan disease occurs simultaneously, treatment has a sequence; releasing the exterior and purging the interior are fundamentally different. Later practitioners adjusted based on circumstances, stating that if diarrhea persists and the body aches, one should first rescue the interior with Si Ni Tang; if bowel movements and urination are normal, give Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). This is the theory regarding the sequence of treatment.
If Tai Yang is affected first, the disease is in the exterior, so release the exterior first. If Shao Yin is affected first, the disease is in the interior, so rescue the interior first. If treating the exterior first, rescuing the interior must not be delayed. If rescuing the interior first, releasing the exterior must not be delayed. This is a discussion on flexible adaptation to changing conditions.