手足汗者，手足乃诸阳之本，热聚于胃腑，则津液旁达于四肢也。蕴热，则燥屎谵语，手足汗
出者，大承气汤下之。挟寒，则水谷不分，手足汗出者，理中汤温之。是有承气理中之不同也。
盗汗者，睡中则出而醒则止矣。缘邪在半表半里，故知胆有热也，专主小柴胡为当矣。
烦热者，不经汗、吐、下则为烦热，与发热有异也。经曰∶病患烦热，汗出则解。如未作膈实，
但当和解微热而已。若心下满而烦，则有吐下之殊也。先烦而悸者，为实；先悸而烦者，为虚。虚
谓心中欲呕、欲吐之貌。阳明病，心烦喜呕，壮热往来，心下悸，小便不利，小柴胡加茯苓汤。发
汗后解，半日许脉浮数者，可更发汗，桂枝汤。汗后昼烦夜静，不呕渴，无表证，脉微沉，干姜附
子汤。大汗后六七日不大便，烦而不解，腹满痛者，有燥屎也，大承气汤下之。止汗，下后心下痞
满，气上冲头，身振摇而烦者，茯苓白术汤为要也。
烦为扰乱而烦，躁为愤怒而躁，谓先烦渐生躁也。有阴阳虚寒之别。心热则烦，阳实阴虚，肾
热则躁，阴实阳虚。烦为热轻，躁为热重。所谓烦躁者，先发烦而渐至躁。所谓躁烦者，先发躁而
复发烦也。太阳中风，不得汗，烦躁者，此邪在表而烦躁也，羌活冲和汤。大便不通，六七日，绕
脐痛，烦躁发作有时而渴者，此为燥屎，乃邪气在里而烦躁也，大承气汤。太阳不得汗，医以火劫
取汗，火热入胃，此劫令烦躁也，小柴胡加牡蛎汤。阳微发汗，躁不眠，与大下后复发汗，昼日不
得眠，至夜安静，身无热，干姜附子汤。汗下后病不解，烦躁者，茯苓四逆汤。俱谓阳虚烦躁也。
又有不烦便作躁闷者，此为阴盛拒阳也，欲于泥水井中卧，饮水不得入口者是也，四逆汤。其结胸
烦躁悉具，及吐利四逆而烦躁，下利厥逆而烦躁，恶寒蜷卧，脉不出而烦躁，皆为不治也。
手足出汗，是因为手足是诸阳经的根本，当热邪聚集于胃腑时，津液就会旁流到达四肢。如果体内蕴结热邪，导致大便干燥坚硬、胡言乱语，出现手足出汗的情况，应用大承气汤攻下。如果兼夹寒邪，导致水谷不分，出现手足出汗的情况，应用理中汤温补。这就是使用承气汤和理中汤的不同之处。
盗汗，是指在睡眠中出汗，醒来后汗止。这是因为病邪位于半表半里之间，所以知道胆中有热，专门使用小柴胡汤治疗是恰当的。
烦热，是指未经过发汗、催吐或泻下治疗而出现的烦热症状，这与一般的发热不同。经典著作中说：病人出现烦热，出汗后就会缓解。如果尚未形成膈部实邪，只需和解微热即可。如果心下部胀满且心烦，则治疗方法有催吐和泻下的区别。先感到心烦而后心悸的，属于实证；先感到心悸而后心烦的，属于虚证。所谓“虚”，是指心中想要呕吐、想要干呕的状态。阳明病，表现为心烦、喜欢呕吐、壮热往来、心下部悸动、小便不利，用小柴胡汤加茯苓汤。发汗后病情解除，过了半天左右脉象浮数的，可以再次发汗，用桂枝汤。发汗后白天烦躁、夜间安静，没有呕吐口渴，也没有表证，脉象微沉，用干姜附子汤。大汗之后六七天不大便，烦躁不解，腹部胀满疼痛的，是有燥屎内结，用大承气汤攻下。止汗后，泻下导致心下部痞塞胀满，气向上冲至头部，身体震颤动摇且心烦的，茯苓白术汤是关键方剂。
“烦”是指内心的扰乱，“躁”是指肢体的躁动不安，通常指先心烦逐渐发展为肢体躁动。这有阴阳虚实寒热的区别。心热则烦，这是阳实阴虚的表现；肾热则躁，这是阴实阳虚的表现。烦代表热势较轻，躁代表热势较重。所谓的“烦躁”，是先发生心烦逐渐发展到躁动。所谓的“躁烦”，是先发生躁动然后又出现心烦。太阳中风病，无汗且烦躁，这是邪气在表引起的烦躁，用羌活冲和汤。大便不通六七天，绕脐疼痛，烦躁发作有时且口渴的，这是燥屎内结，属于邪气在里引起的烦躁，用大承气汤。太阳病无汗，医生用火法强行取汗，火热之邪入胃，这种因火劫导致的烦躁，用小柴胡汤加牡蛎汤。阳气微弱而发汗，出现躁动不眠，或者在大泻之后又发汗，白天不能安睡，到了夜间安静，身体没有发热，用干姜附子汤。发汗和泻下后病仍未解，出现烦躁的，用茯苓四逆汤。这些都属于阳虚引起的烦躁。又有不心烦直接出现躁动闷乱的情况，这是阴盛格拒阳气所致，表现为想躺在泥水井中，喝水都进不去口，用四逆汤。如果是结胸证伴有烦躁全部具备，以及呕吐腹泻伴四肢厥冷而烦躁，下利伴四肢厥冷而烦躁，恶寒蜷卧，脉搏摸不到而烦躁，这些都是不治之症。
Sweating of the hands and feet occurs because the hands and feet are the root of all Yang meridians. When heat accumulates in the Stomach Fu-organ, body fluids diffuse laterally to the four limbs. If there is accumulated heat causing dry feces and delirium, with sweating of the hands and feet, Da Cheng Qi Tang (Great Order the Qi Decoction) should be used to purge. If cold is combined, causing the inability to distinguish water and grain, with sweating of the hands and feet, Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) should be used to warm. This illustrates the difference between using Cheng Qi Tang and Li Zhong Tang.
Night sweats refer to sweating during sleep that stops upon waking. This arises because the pathogen is located at the half-exterior and half-interior level, indicating heat in the Gallbladder; therefore, treating exclusively with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is appropriate.
Fan-re (vexing heat) refers to vexing heat that appears without prior treatment by sweating, vomiting, or purging, which differs from general fever. The classics state: "When patients have fan-re, sweating resolves it." If diaphragmatic excess has not yet formed, one should only harmonize and resolve the mild heat. If there is fullness below the heart accompanied by vexation, there is a distinction between emetic and purgative treatments. Vexation preceding palpitations indicates an Excess pattern; palpitations preceding vexation indicate a Deficiency pattern. "Deficiency" here refers to the sensation of wanting to vomit or retch. In Yangming Disease, characterized by mental vexation, frequent retching, high fever alternating with chills, palpitations below the heart, and difficult urination, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus Fu Ling (Poria). After sweating, if the condition resolves but after half a day the pulse becomes floating and rapid, sweating may be induced again using Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). After sweating, if there is daytime vexation and nighttime quietness, without vomiting or thirst, and no exterior syndrome, with a faint and deep pulse, use Gan Jiang Fu Zi Tang (Dried Ginger and Aconite Decoction). After profuse sweating, if for six or seven days there is no bowel movement, accompanied by unresolved vexation and abdominal fullness with pain, this indicates dry feces, and Da Cheng Qi Tang should be used to purge. After stopping sweat, if purging leads to epigastric stuffiness and fullness, qi rushing upward to the head, body tremors, and vexation, Fu Ling Bai Zhu Tang (Poria and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) is essential.
"Fan" (vexation) denotes internal mental disturbance, while "Zao" (restlessness/agitation) denotes physical restlessness; typically, mental vexation gradually develops into physical agitation. There is a distinction between Yin-Yang deficiency-cold patterns. Heart heat causes Fan, representing Yang-excess and Yin-deficiency; Kidney heat causes Zao, representing Yin-excess and Yang-deficiency. Fan indicates milder heat, while Zao indicates heavier heat. "Fan-Zao" means starting with Fan and gradually progressing to Zao. "Zao-Fan" means starting with Zao and recurring with Fan. In Taiyang Wind Strike, where there is no sweat and the patient is Fan-Zao, this is Fan-Zao caused by pathogen in the exterior, treated with Qiang Huo Chong He Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Harmonizing). If there is constipation for six or seven days, periumbilical pain, episodic Fan-Zao, and thirst, this indicates dry feces, meaning Fan-Zao due to pathogen in the interior, treated with Da Cheng Qi Tang. In Taiyang disease with no sweat, if the physician uses fire methods to force sweating, allowing fire-heat to enter the Stomach, this is Fan-Zao caused by fire coercion, treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus Mu Li (Oyster Shell). If Yang is weak and sweating is induced, leading to agitation and insomnia, or after severe purging followed by sweating, where the patient cannot sleep during the day but is quiet at night, with no fever on the body, use Gan Jiang Fu Zi Tang. If the disease persists after sweating and purging, with Fan-Zao, use Fu Ling Si Ni Tang (Poria and Four Reversal Decoction). These all refer to Fan-Zao caused by Yang deficiency. There are also cases where Zao-stuffiness occurs without Fan, indicating Yin-excess repelling Yang, manifested as desiring to lie in muddy wells and being unable to swallow water; this is treated with Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction). If Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) presents with complete Fan-Zao, or if vomiting and diarrhea with Si Ni (four reversals/cold extremities) present with Fan-Zao, or if diarrhea with cold extremities presents with Fan-Zao, along with aversion to cold, curling up, absent pulse, and Fan-Zao, these are all untreatable conditions.