风寒相因相离少，三阳俱有恶寒风，恶风属阳法从表，三阴恶寒无恶风。
【注】风寒二者，大率多相因而少相离，有寒时不皆无风，有风时不皆无寒，故三阳
俱有恶寒恶风同见也。恶风与恶寒均表病也，法当从表；然风属阳、寒属阴，故三阴经证
有恶寒而无恶风也。
三阳头痛身皆热，无热吐沫厥阴经，不便尿红当议下，尿白犹属表未清。
【注】三阳，谓太阳、阳明、少阳也。头痛身皆热，谓三阳头痛身皆热也。三阳经头
痛，法当从三阳治也。厥阴头痛，则多厥而无热，呕吐涎沫，是厥阴挟寒邪上逆也，宜
吴茱萸汤温而降之。三阳头痛，若不大便，小便红赤，为里实热，法当议下，宜承气汤。若
小便清白，即不大便，为里热未实，表尚未清，法当先从表治也。三阴经无头痛，惟厥
阴有头痛，以其脉与督脉上会于巅也。三阴经无发热，厥阴少阴亦有发热，谓之反发热，
以其藏有相火，阴盛格阳于外也。
项背几几强太阳，脉浮无汗葛根汤，有汗桂枝添葛入，脉沉栝蒌桂枝方。结胸项强
如柔痉，大陷胸丸下必康。但见少阳休汗下，柴胡去半入蒌良。
【注】项强，太阳病也。项背强，太阳、阳明病也。几儿，拘强而甚之貌也。脉浮属
二阳之表脉也。若无汗是从伤寒传来，宜葛根汤；有汗是从中风传来，宜桂枝加葛根汤。
脉沉，谓邪已入胸里也，宜栝萎桂枝汤。结胸，谓结胸病也，项强如柔痉，谓项强背反
张，有汗如柔痉之状也，宜大陷胸丸。但见少阳，谓太阳、少阳并病之项强。休汗下，谓
邪入少阳，不可更汗下也，宜柴胡汤去半夏加栝萎主之。良，好也。栝蒌桂枝汤方在
《金匮要略》。
风寒二邪往往相互伴随而极少分离，三阳经病证均会出现恶风与恶寒的症状。恶风属于阳证，治法应从表证入手；而三阴经的恶寒则不伴有恶风。
【注】风邪与寒邪，大体上多是相互伴随而很少分离，有寒的时候不一定没有风，有风的时候也不一定没有寒，所以三阳经病证中恶寒和恶风常同时出现。恶风和恶寒都属于表证，治法应当从解表考虑；然而风属阳、寒属阴，所以三阴经的病证只有恶寒而没有恶风。
三阳经头痛时身体都会发热，若是厥阴经（Jueyin Meridian）头痛则无发热反而手足厥冷并呕吐涎沫，若伴有大便不通且小便红赤应考虑使用下法，若小便清白说明表邪尚未清除。
【注】所谓三阳，是指太阳（Taiyang）、阳明（Yangming）、少阳（Shaoyang）。头痛且全身发热，是指三阳经病证中的头痛和全身发热。三阳经引起的头痛，治法应当从治疗三阳经入手。厥阴经引起的头痛，多表现为手足厥冷而无发热，呕吐涎沫，这是厥阴经受寒邪上逆所致，适宜用吴茱萸汤（Wuzhuyu Decoction）进行温降治疗。三阳经引起的头痛，如果大便不通，小便红赤，属于里实热证，治法应当考虑使用下法，适宜用承气汤（Chengqi Decoction）。如果小便清白，即使大便不通，也属于里热未成实，表邪尚未清除，治法应当先从解表入手。三阴经一般没有头痛，只有厥阴经有头痛，因为其经脉与督脉在头顶交会。三阴经一般没有发热，但厥阴经和少阴经也有发热，称为“反发热”，这是因为其脏腑内有相火，阴盛格拒阳气于外所致。
项背部拘强不适是太阳病（Taiyang Disease）的表现，若脉浮且无汗，宜用葛根汤（Gegen Tang）；若有汗，则在桂枝汤（Guizhi Tang）中加入葛根；若脉沉，宜用栝楼桂枝汤（Gualou Guizhi Tang）。结胸病（Jie Xiong Syndrome）导致的项强如同柔痉（Rou Jing, Soft Spasm），需用大陷胸丸（Da Xiexiong Wan）攻下方可痊愈。只要见到少阳病（Shaoyang Disease）的征象，就禁止使用汗法和下法，宜用柴胡汤（Chaihu Tang）去掉半夏加入栝楼。
【注】项部僵硬，属于太阳病。项背部僵硬，属于太阳病和阳明病。“几儿”（jī jī），形容拘挛强直的样子。脉浮属于二阳（太阳、阳明）的表证脉象。如果没有汗，是从伤寒传变而来，适宜用葛根汤；如果有汗，是从中风传变而来，适宜用桂枝加葛根汤（Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang）。脉沉，说明邪气已经入里至胸膈，适宜用栝楼桂枝汤。结胸，指结胸病，项强如同柔痉，指项强且背部反张，有汗且呈现柔痉的状态，适宜用大陷胸丸。所谓“但见少阳”，指太阳病与少阳病并病出现的项强。所谓“休汗下”，指邪气进入少阳，不可再使用发汗和攻下法，适宜用柴胡汤去掉半夏加入栝楼为主方。“良”，意为好。栝楼桂枝汤的方剂记载在《金匮要略》中。
Wind and cold pathogens often accompany each other and rarely separate; both aversion to wind (Aiwen Feng) and aversion to cold (Aiwen Leng) occur in the three Yang meridians. Aversion to wind belongs to Yang patterns and should be treated by resolving the exterior; whereas aversion to cold in the three Yin meridians does not present with aversion to wind.
[Note] Wind and cold pathogens generally accompany each other and rarely separate. When there is cold, there is not necessarily no wind; when there is wind, there is not necessarily no cold. Therefore, aversion to cold and aversion to wind often appear together in diseases of the three Yang meridians. Both aversion to wind and aversion to cold are exterior syndromes, and the treatment principle should focus on resolving the exterior. However, since wind belongs to Yang and cold belongs to Yin, diseases of the three Yin meridians present with aversion to cold but not aversion to wind.
Headache accompanied by fever throughout the body characterizes the three Yang meridians; headache in the Jueyin Meridian (Jueyin Jing) presents without fever but with cold extremities and vomiting of saliva/froth. If accompanied by constipation and red urine, purgation should be considered; if the urine is clear and white, it indicates that the exterior pathogen has not yet been cleared.
[Note] "Three Yang" refers to Taiyang, Yangming, and Shaoyang. Headache with generalized fever refers to these symptoms occurring in diseases of the three Yang meridians. For headaches caused by the three Yang meridians, treatment should target the three Yang meridians. Headaches caused by the Jueyin Meridian often present with cold extremities and absence of fever, along with vomiting of saliva/froth; this is due to cold pathogens reversing upward in the Jueyin meridian, and Wu Zhu Yu Decoction (Wu Zhu Yu Tang) should be used for warming and descending. For headaches caused by the three Yang meridians, if there is constipation and red urine, it indicates interior excess heat, and purgation should be considered, using Cheng Qi Decoction (Cheng Qi Tang). If the urine is clear and white, even with constipation, it indicates that the interior heat is not yet excessive and the exterior pathogen remains uncleared; thus, treatment should first focus on resolving the exterior. The three Yin meridians generally do not present with headaches; only the Jueyin Meridian does, because its channel connects with the Du Mai (Governor Vessel) at the vertex. The three Yin meridians generally do not present with fever; however, the Jueyin and Shaoyin meridians may present with fever, termed "counter-fever," because their associated organs contain ministerial fire, and extreme Yin repels Yang to the exterior.
Stiffness and rigidity of the neck and back characterize Taiyang Disease (Taiyang Bing). If the pulse is floating and there is no sweat, Gegen Tang (Gegen Tang) is indicated. If there is sweat, add Gegen to Guizhi Tang (Guizhi Tang). If the pulse is deep, Gualou Guizhi Tang (Gualou Guizhi Tang) is indicated. Stiffness of the neck in Jie Xiong Syndrome (Jie Xiong Zheng), resembling Rou Jing (Soft Spasm), requires Da Xiexiong Wan (Da Xiexiong Wan) for purgation to achieve recovery. Whenever Shaoyang Disease (Shaoyang Bing) signs are present, sweating and purging methods are contraindicated; instead, Chaihu Tang (Chaihu Tang) with Banxia removed and Gualou added is appropriate.
[Note] Neck stiffness alone belongs to Taiyang Disease. Stiffness of the neck and back belongs to both Taiyang and Yangming diseases. "Ji Ji" describes a state of severe contracture and rigidity. A floating pulse belongs to the exterior pulses of the two Yang meridians (Taiyang and Yangming). If there is no sweat, it is transmitted from Shanghan (Cold Damage), and Gegen Tang is indicated. If there is sweat, it is transmitted from Zhongfeng (Wind Strike), and Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang) is indicated. A deep pulse indicates that the pathogen has entered the interior of the chest, and Gualou Guizhi Tang is indicated. Jie Xiong refers to Jie Xiong Syndrome; neck stiffness resembling Rou Jing implies neck stiffness with opisthotonos and sweating, characteristic of Rou Jing, and Da Xiexiong Wan is indicated. "But seeing Shaoyang" refers to neck stiffness arising from the concurrent disease of Taiyang and Shaoyang. "Do not use sweating or purging" means that once the pathogen enters Shaoyang, sweating and purging methods must not be used; instead, Chaihu Tang with Banxia removed and Gualou added is the primary formula. "Liang" means good/effective. The formula for Gualou Guizhi Tang is recorded in *Jin Gui Yao Lue*.