身痛未汗表实证，汗后身疼属表虚；桂加生姜参芍药，尺迟血少建中 ，少阴沉厥
附子治，厥阴汗利四逆医，风湿尽痛难转侧，掣引烦疼桂附宜。
【注】身痛，未汗属表实证，宜麻黄汤。汗后身疼，属表虚证，宜桂枝新加汤，即桂
枝汤倍生姜、芍药加人参也。曰桂加，即桂枝汤加此也。尺迟血少建中 ，谓身痛尺中
脉迟，是血少营气不足也，虽未经汗，不可发汗，宜建中汤加黄 以补营血也。少阴，谓
身痛见少阴沉脉，四肢厥冷也。附子治，谓宜附子汤治也。厥阴，谓身痛见厥阴厥逆，汗
出不止，下利清谷也。四逆医，谓以四逆汤医也。风湿，谓风湿身痛也。尽痛难转侧，是
湿则令人一身尽痛不能转侧。掣引烦疼，是风则令人筋脉牵引，烦疼不宁也。桂附宜，谓
宜以桂枝附子汤也。
躁身不静烦心扰，不躁难眠作热观，懊 烦甚无冷病，惟躁阴阳表里看。诸烦无论
三法后，便软栀竹等汤煎，便硬白虎三承气，躁同阴见便属寒。
【注】身为热动而不安谓之躁，心为热扰而不宁谓之烦。烦则扰于内，躁则动于外，故
有心烦而无身烦，有身躁而无心躁也。大抵烦属阳，躁属阴。若懊 心中反复颠倒，烦
不得眠，不与躁同见者，皆无冷病。当作热观也。惟躁则不然，当分表里阴阳取治。故
太阳有不汗出而烦躁，谓之在表，大青龙证也。阳明有心下硬之烦躁，谓之在阳，白虎
汤证也，三阴有吐利手足厥之烦躁，谓之在阴，四逆辈证也。诸烦，谓烦不眠懊 也。无
论三法后，谓不论已经、未经汗、吐、下三法之前后也。但大便不硬者，以竹叶石膏、温
胆、栀子豉等汤主治可也。便硬者，量其热之深浅，以白虎、三承气汤主治可也。躁同
阴见，谓躁同三阴证见，便属阴寒之躁，宜四逆、理中、吴茱萸汤主治可也。
身痛且无汗，属表实证；发汗后仍身痛，属表虚证。此时宜用桂枝加生姜人参芍药汤（即桂枝新加汤），若尺脉迟提示血少营气不足，则宜用建中汤加黄芪以补益营血。若见少阴病之沉脉与四肢厥冷，宜用附子汤治疗；若见厥阴病之汗出不止、下利清谷及四肢厥逆，宜用四逆汤治疗。若风湿所致全身疼痛且难以转侧，伴有筋脉牵引、烦疼不安者，宜用桂枝附子汤治疗。
【注】身痛而无汗，属表实证，宜用麻黄汤。发汗后身痛，属表虚证，宜用桂枝新加汤，即桂枝汤加倍生姜、芍药用量并加入人参而成。“曰桂加”，即指桂枝汤加入上述药物。尺脉迟而血少营气不足，即使未经发汗，也不可用发汗法，宜用建中汤加黄芪以补养营血。少阴病，指身痛伴见少阴沉脉及四肢厥冷。附子汤治，指宜用附子汤治疗。厥阴病，指身痛伴见厥阴病的四肢厥逆、汗出不止及下利清谷。四逆汤医，指用四逆汤进行治疗。风湿病，指风湿引起的身痛。“尽痛难转侧”，说明湿邪导致全身疼痛且不能转动身体。“掣引烦疼”，说明风邪导致筋脉牵引、烦疼不宁。桂枝附子汤宜，指宜用桂枝附子汤治疗。
躁动表现为身体不安静，心烦表现为内心受扰。若不躁动但难以入睡，应视为热证。懊憹（心中烦闷郁结）严重且无寒象疾病时，仅从阴阳表里角度观察躁动。各种烦证，无论是否经过汗、吐、下三法治疗后，若大便软，宜用栀子豉汤、竹叶石膏汤等煎服；若大便硬，宜用白虎汤或三承气汤。躁动若伴随阴证出现，则属于寒证。
【注】身体因热而动而不安称为“躁”，内心因热扰而不宁称为“烦”。烦是扰动于内，躁是动越于外，所以有心烦而无身烦，有身躁而无心躁。大抵烦属阳，躁属阴。若心中懊憹，反复颠倒，烦不得眠，且不伴见躁动的，皆非寒病，应作为热证看待。唯独躁动不同，应当分表里阴阳来取治。所以太阳病有不汗出而烦躁的，称为在表，是大青龙汤证。阳明病有心下硬满而烦躁的，称为在阳，是白虎汤证。三阴病有吐利手足厥冷的烦躁，称为在阴，是四逆汤类方证。诸烦，指烦、不眠、懊憹等症。无论三法前后，指不论已经或未经过汗、吐、下三种治法之前后。只要大便不硬的，可用竹叶石膏汤、温胆汤、栀子豉汤等主治。大便硬的，根据热的深浅，可用白虎汤、三承气汤主治。躁动同阴证见，指躁动伴随三阴证出现，便属于阴寒性质的躁动，宜用四逆汤、理中汤、吴茱萸汤主治。
Body pain without sweating indicates a Exterior Excess Syndrome; body pain after sweating indicates an Exterior Deficiency Syndrome. In the latter case, Guizhi Xinjia Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Added Ginseng) is indicated, which is Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with increased doses of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), plus Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). If the Chi pulse at the cun-kou position is slow, indicating blood deficiency and insufficient Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), Ji Zhong Tang (Jianzhong Decoction) with Huangqi (Astragali Radix) should be used to tonify Ying Blood. If Shaoyin disease (Disease of the Heart and Kidney channels) presents with deep pulse and cold extremities, Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is indicated. If Jueyin disease (Disease of the Liver channel) presents with profuse sweating, diarrhea with undigested food, and cold extremities, Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) is indicated. For rheumatism causing whole-body pain with difficulty in turning the body, accompanied by tendon pulling and vexatious pain, Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is appropriate.
[Note] Body pain without sweating belongs to Exterior Excess Syndrome, for which Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is suitable. Body pain after sweating belongs to Exterior Deficiency Syndrome, for which Guizhi Xinjia Tang is suitable. This formula consists of Guizhi Tang doubled in Shengjiang and Shaoyao, with added Renshen. "Gui Jia" refers to adding these herbs to Guizhi Tang. A slow Chi pulse with blood deficiency and insufficient Ying Qi means that even if sweating has not occurred, diaphoresis (sweating method) is contraindicated; instead, Ji Zhong Tang with Huangqi should be used to tonify Ying Blood. Shaoyin disease refers to body pain accompanied by a Shaoyin deep pulse and cold limbs. "Fuzi Zhi" means treating with Fuzi Tang. Jueyin disease refers to body pain accompanied by Jueyin cold extremities, unceasing sweating, and diarrhea of undigested food. "Sini Yi" means treating with Sini Tang. Rheumatism refers to body pain caused by Wind-Dampness. "Jin tong nan zhuan ce" implies that Dampness causes whole-body pain preventing turning of the body. "Che yin fan teng" implies that Wind causes tendon pulling and restless, vexatious pain. "Gui Fu Yi" means Guizhi Fuzi Tang is appropriate.
Restlessness manifests as physical agitation, while vexation manifests as mental disturbance. If there is no restlessness but difficulty sleeping, it should be viewed as a Heat syndrome. Severe Ao Dao (mental depression and irritability) without cold pathology requires observation from the perspectives of Yin/Yang and Interior/Exterior. Various Fan syndromes, regardless of whether they occur before or after the three methods (sweating, vomiting, purging), if accompanied by soft stools, are treated with decoctions such as Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Soybean Decoction) or Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction). If stools are hard, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) or the Three Chengqi Decoctions are indicated. Restlessness appearing with Yin syndromes belongs to Cold.
[Note] Physical movement due to heat and unrest is called "Zao" (restlessness); mental disturbance due to heat is called "Fan" (vexation). Fan disturbs internally, while Zao moves externally; thus, there is mental vexation without bodily restlessness, and bodily restlessness without mental vexation. Generally, Fan belongs to Yang, and Zao belongs to Yin. If one experiences severe internal depression and irritability (Ao Dao), unable to sleep, and this does not co-occur with Zao, it is not a Cold disease and should be regarded as Heat. However, Zao is different and must be treated by distinguishing between Interior/Exterior and Yin/Yang. For example, Taiyang disease may present with inability to sweat and restlessness/vexation, indicating the exterior pattern, which is the Da Qinglong Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction) syndrome. Yangming disease may present with hardness in the epigastrium with restlessness/vexation, indicating the Yang aspect, which is the Baihu Tang syndrome. The Three Yin diseases may present with vomiting, diarrhea, and cold extremities with restlessness/vexation, indicating the Yin aspect, which is the Sini Tang category syndrome. "Various Fan" refers to vexation, insomnia, and Ao Dao. "Regardless of the three methods" means regardless of whether sweating, vomiting, or purging methods have been applied previously. If the stool is not hard, Zhuye Shigao Tang, Wendan Tang (Warm Gallbladder Decoction), or Zhizi Chi Tang can be used. If the stool is hard, Baihu Tang or the Three Chengqi Decoctions can be used according to the depth of heat. "Zao seen with Yin" means when restlessness accompanies Three Yin syndromes, it belongs to Yin-Cold restlessness, and Sini Tang, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), or Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) are appropriate.