伤寒脉浮发热无汗其表不解者不可与白虎汤渴欲饮水无表证者白虎加人参汤主之
脉浮发热无汗是表未解也此合用大青龙双解表里不可与白虎汤但清其里若渴欲饮水而无表证者是汗出而热退也汗后
阳泄宜防知膏伐阳白虎而加人参清金益气生津化水汗后解渴之神方也
石膏（一斤碎） 知母（六两） 甘草（二两） 粳米（六合） 人参（三两）
于白虎汤内加人参三两余根据白虎汤方法
伤寒无大热口燥渴心烦背微恶寒者白虎加人参汤主之
表解故无大热背微恶寒即前章表有寒也阳乘阴位而生里热则阴乘阳位而生表寒远则客于肢节近则浮于脊背脊背肢节
皆阳位也
太阳表证未解而里有水气小青龙五苓散皆解表泄水之剂而小青龙之表药则用麻黄五苓散之表药则用桂枝其里水则同
而表证之风寒则异也小青龙但用麻黄发汗以泄水其于大便微利者方用芫花小便不利者方用茯苓五苓散则兼用二苓泽泻泄
水以发汗以风家内热燥渴甚于伤寒是以燥胜其湿则火亦偏旺湿胜其燥则水亦偏多其传阳明而用白虎燥盛者也其传太阴而
用五苓湿盛者也伤寒多传太阴病水者固众中风多传阳明病水者亦繁此燥证之所以少而湿证之所以多也（温疫水证最多亦
以饮冷不消故也）
中风发热六七日不解而烦有表里证渴欲饮水水入则吐者名曰水逆五苓散主之
中风发热六七日经尽不解而且烦渴思饮外而发热是有表证内而作渴是有里证内渴欲饮水而水入则吐者是有里水瘀停
也此名水逆由旧水在中而又得新水以水济水正其所恶两水莫容自当逆上也五苓散桂枝行经而发表白术燥土而生津二苓泽
泻行水而泄湿也多服暖水蒸泄皮毛使宿水亦从汗散表里皆愈矣
伤寒病，脉象浮，发热，无汗，表证未解者，不可给予白虎汤。若口渴想喝水，且没有表证者，以白虎加人参汤主治。
脉浮、发热、无汗，这是表证未解除的表现。这种情况应当合用大青龙汤来双解表里之邪，不可使用白虎汤单纯清泄里热。如果口渴想喝水，且没有表证，说明是出汗后热势已退。出汗之后阳气外泄，应当防止苦寒药物（如石膏）损伤阳气。在白虎汤中加入人参，可以清肺金之气，益气生津，化生津液，这是汗后解除口渴的神效方剂。
石膏（一斤，捣碎），知母（六两），甘草（二两），粳米（六合），人参（三两）。
在白虎汤的基础上加入人参三两，其余按照白虎汤的方法煎服。
伤寒病，身无明显大热，口干燥渴，心烦，背部微微恶寒者，以白虎加人参汤主治。
因为表证已解，所以没有明显的大热。背部微微恶寒，就是前文章节中提到的“表有寒”。阳气乘袭阴位而生里热，则阴气乘袭阳位而生表寒。寒气远则客居于肢节，近则浮聚于脊背。脊背和肢节都是阳位。
太阳表证未解，而里有水气，小青龙汤和五苓散都是解表并泄水的方剂。但小青龙汤中的解表药使用的是麻黄，五苓散中的解表药使用的是桂枝。它们治疗里的水饮相同，但表证的风寒性质则不同。小青龙汤仅用麻黄发汗以泄水；对于大便微利者，方中使用芫花；对于小便不利者，方中使用茯苓。五苓散则同时使用猪苓、茯苓、泽泻来泄水，并通过发汗来祛邪。风家（中风患者）内热燥渴，比伤寒更为严重。因此，燥胜则湿去，火也偏旺；湿胜则燥去，水也偏多。病传阳明而用白虎汤，是因为燥盛；病传太阴而用五苓散，是因为湿盛。伤寒多传变至太阴病，水湿之证固然众多；中风多传变至阳明病，水湿之证也很繁盛。这就是燥证少而湿证多的原因。（温疫中的水证最多，也是因为饮水过多无法消化所致。）
中风发热六七日未解，出现烦躁，既有表证又有里证，口渴想喝水，但水入即吐者，名为“水逆”，以五苓散主治。
中风发热六七日，病程已过经尽但未解，而且烦躁、口渴思饮。外部发热，是有表证；内部作渴，是有里证。内部口渴想喝水，但水入即吐，这是因为里有水饮瘀滞停聚。这叫做“水逆”，由于旧有的水饮在中焦，又摄入新的水饮，以水济水，正是身体所厌恶的，两水互不相容，自然会上逆呕吐。五苓散中，桂枝通行经络而发表，白术燥湿健脾而生津，猪苓、茯苓、泽泻行水利湿。多服用暖水，使药力蒸腾发散于皮毛，使宿留的水饮也从汗液排出，表里之邪皆愈。
Taiyang disease with a floating pulse, fever, absence of sweating, and unresolved exterior syndrome should not be treated with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). If there is thirst for drinking water and no exterior syndrome, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is the primary prescription.
A floating pulse, fever, and absence of sweating indicate that the exterior syndrome remains unresolved. In such cases, Da Qinglong Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction) should be used to simultaneously resolve both the exterior and interior pathogens; it is contraindicated to use Baihu Tang to merely clear interior heat. If there is thirst for drinking water without an exterior syndrome, it indicates that the heat has subsided after sweating. After sweating, yang qi leaks outward, so one must guard against bitter-cold herbs (such as Shigao/Gypsum Fibrosum) damaging the yang qi. Adding Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) to Baihu Tang clears Lung metal qi, tonifies qi, generates fluids, and transforms water into fluids. It is a miraculous formula for relieving thirst after sweating.
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 jin, crushed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 6 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang), Jingmi (Oryzae Fructus Glutinosus, 6 he), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang).
Add 3 liang of Renshen to Baihu Tang; prepare the rest according to the method for Baihu Tang.
In Taiyang disease, if there is no significant high fever, dry mouth and throat, irritability, and slight aversion to cold on the back, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is the primary prescription.
Because the exterior syndrome has resolved, there is no significant high fever. Slight aversion to cold on the back refers to "exterior cold" mentioned in previous chapters. When yang qi invades yin positions, interior heat is generated; when yin qi invades yang positions, exterior cold is generated. Cold distant from the center lodges in the limbs and joints; cold near the center floats on the spine. Both the spine and the limbs/joints are yang positions.
When the Taiyang exterior syndrome is unresolved but there is fluid retention in the interior, Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction) and Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) are both formulas that resolve the exterior and drain fluids. However, the exterior-resolving herb in Xiao Qinglong Tang is Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), while in Wuling San it is Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus). They treat interior fluid retention similarly, but the wind-cold pathogen at the exterior differs. Xiao Qinglong Tang uses only Mahuang to induce sweating and drain fluids; for those with slight diarrhea, Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos) is used in the formula; for those with difficult urination, Fuling (Poria) is used. Wuling San uses both Lingzhi (Polyporus) and Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma) along with Fuling to drain fluids and induce sweating. Patients with wind-stroke have more severe internal heat, dryness, and thirst than those with cold damage. Therefore, when dryness prevails, dampness is eliminated, and fire becomes excessive; when dampness prevails, dryness is eliminated, and water increases. Transmission to Yangming treated with Baihu Tang occurs due to excess dryness; transmission to Taiyin treated with Wuling San occurs due to excess dampness. Cold damage often transmits to Taiyin diseases, where water-damp syndromes are numerous; wind-stroke often transmits to Yangming diseases, where water-damp syndromes are also frequent. This explains why dryness syndromes are few and dampness syndromes are many. (Water syndromes in warm epidemics are most common, also due to excessive consumption of cold drinks that cannot be digested.)
In wind-stroke, if fever persists for six or seven days without resolution, accompanied by irritability, presenting both exterior and interior symptoms, thirst for drinking water, and vomiting immediately after drinking, this is named "Water Reversal" (Shui Ni). Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is the primary prescription.
Wind-stroke fever persisting for six or seven days exceeds the meridian cycle without resolution, leading to irritability and thirst for drink. External fever indicates an exterior syndrome; internal thirst indicates an interior syndrome. Internal thirst with immediate vomiting upon drinking indicates stagnation and retention of interior fluids. This is called "Water Reversal" because old water resides in the middle jiao, and new water is ingested; water assisting water is what the body abhors. The two waters cannot coexist and naturally reverse upward, causing vomiting. In Wuling San, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) unblocks meridians and releases the exterior; Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) dries dampness and strengthens the spleen to generate fluids; Lingzhi (Polyporus), Fuling (Poria), and Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma) promote urination and drain dampness. Drinking plenty of warm water helps vaporize and disperse the medicine through the skin and hair, allowing retained water to dissipate via sweat, thereby resolving both exterior and interior conditions.