（气急而短促不能相续似喘而不抬肩似呻吟而无痛苦或为实或为虚或在表或在里
或属阴或属阳或饮多而水停心下各宜详审）
短气。骨节痛。汗出。小便不利。恶风身肿。为风湿。（甘草附子汤）短气腹满。胁痛。
脉弦浮大。外不解。无汗嗜卧。身黄。小便难。潮热。（小柴胡汤）表未解。短气。手足 然汗出。
或潮热。（大承气汤）若表解。心下痞硬。干呕。短气。（十枣汤）下后。心中懊 硬痛。（大
陷胸汤）按汗吐下后。脉微。气不能续。则与异功散。阴症脉沉。逆冷。难以布息。则与四逆
汤加人参。饮多水停。则与茯苓甘草汤。皆补仲景之未备也。
（即昏迷也郁结而气不舒昏冒而神不清也经云虚寒则为郁冒然有宜下者）
太阳下后复汗。表里俱虚。致冒。汗出则表和自愈。里未和。然后复下。（小承气汤）阳
明小便下利。大便乍难乍易。微热。喘冒不卧。有燥屎也。（大承气汤）少阴但欲寐。利止而眩冒者
死。厥阴不利清谷。脉沉迟面赤。身微热。必郁冒汗出而解。
按海藏谓心火熏肺。所以神昏。若下之则误矣。宜栀子芩连汤。脉浮在丙。宜导赤散。
脉沉在丁。宜泻心汤。刘河间云。热者脉必数。然热甚而反致沉细。谓为寒者误也。宜解毒加
大承气下之。或失下而脉微昏冒者。若急下之。则残阴暴绝。不下亦死。以解毒汤。养阴退阳
。则脉和而生。仲景曰。血虚而厥。厥而必冒。又曰。少阴下利止。眩冒者死。盖虚极而脱也
。或虚或实。细心明辨之。
（呼吸急促短浅，气息不能连续，类似喘证但不抬肩；类似呻吟但没有痛苦。病因可能是实证，也可能是虚证；病位可能在表，也可能在里；性质可能属阴，也可能属阳；或者因饮水过多导致水饮停聚在心下。对此应当仔细审察。）
短气，骨节疼痛，出汗，小便不利，怕风且身体浮肿，这是风湿证。（用甘草附子汤）短气伴腹部胀满，胁肋疼痛，脉象弦、浮、大，表证未解，无汗且嗜睡，身黄，小便困难，潮热。（用小柴胡汤）表证未解，短气，手足濈然汗出，或者有潮热。（用大承气汤）如果表证已解，心下痞塞坚硬，干呕，短气。（用十枣汤）经过泻下治疗后，心中烦闷懊恼，硬痛。（用大陷胸汤）按：发汗、催吐、泻下之后，脉象微弱，气息不能接续，则给予异功散。阴证脉沉，四肢逆冷，呼吸艰难，则给予四逆汤加人参。饮水多而水饮停聚，则给予茯苓甘草汤。这些都是补充张仲景论述中未涵盖的内容。
（郁冒即昏迷。郁结导致气机不畅，昏蒙冒昧导致神志不清。经书说：“虚寒则会导致郁冒”，但也有适宜用泻下法治疗的。）
太阳病经过泻下后又发汗，表里俱虚，导致头目昏蒙（冒）。出汗后表气和顺则自愈；若里气未和，然后再用泻下法。（用小承气汤）阳明病出现小便下利，大便时而难解时而易解，微热，气喘昏冒不能卧，说明有燥屎内结。（用大承气汤）少阴病但想睡觉，腹泻停止却出现眩晕昏冒的，预后不良（死证）。厥阴病不利清谷（完谷不化），脉象沉迟，面色发红，身体微热，必然会出现郁冒出汗而病解。
按：海藏（张元素）认为心火熏蒸肺脏，所以神志昏乱，如果用泻下法就错了。适宜用栀子芩连汤。脉象浮在丙（指心/小肠经或特定脉位），适宜用导赤散。脉象沉在丁（指心/小肠经或特定脉位），适宜用泻心汤。刘河间说：热证的脉象必定数急，然而热极反而导致脉象沉细，将其误判为寒证是错误的。适宜用解毒汤加大承气汤泻下。或者是失于泻下而导致脉微、昏冒的，如果紧急泻下，则残存的阴气会突然断绝；不泻下也会死亡。应用解毒汤，滋养阴液，消退阳热，则脉象平和而生机恢复。张仲景说：血虚导致厥逆，厥逆必然伴随昏冒。又说：少阴病腹泻停止，出现眩晕昏冒的，是死证。这是因为极度虚弱而脱失。无论是虚证还是实证，都要细心明辨。
(Breathing is rapid and short, with breath unable to continue, resembling panting but without shoulder lifting; resembling groaning but without pain. The etiology may be excess or deficiency; the disease location may be in the exterior or interior; the nature may be Yin or Yang; or it may be due to excessive drinking causing water retention under the heart. Each case requires careful examination.)
Shortness of breath, pain in bone joints, sweating, difficulty in urination, aversion to wind, and bodily swelling indicate Wind-Dampness (Gancao Fuzi Tang). Shortness of breath accompanied by abdominal fullness, hypochondriac pain, a wiry, floating, and large pulse, unrelieved exterior syndrome, absence of sweating, drowsiness, yellowish skin, difficulty in urination, and tidal fever indicate Shaoyang syndrome (Xiaochaihu Tang). Unrelieved exterior syndrome, shortness of breath, continuous sweating on the hands and feet, or tidal fever indicate Yangming Fu-organ excess (Da Chengqi Tang). If the exterior syndrome has resolved, epigastric stuffiness and hardness, dry retching, and shortness of breath indicate fluid retention (Shizao Tang). After purgation, mental restlessness, oppression, and hard pain indicate Phlegm-Heat binding (Daxiexin Tang). Note: After sweating, vomiting, or purging, if the pulse is faint and breath cannot continue, administer Yigong San. For Yin syndrome with a deep pulse, cold extremities, and difficult breathing, administer Sini Tang plus Renshen. For excessive drinking with water retention, administer Fuling Gancao Tang. These supplements the incomplete records of Zhang Zhongjing.
(Duyu Mao refers to coma. Yu implies stagnation leading to Qi obstruction; Mao implies dizziness and clouding of consciousness. The Classics state: "Deficiency and Cold lead to Duyu Mao," yet there are cases suitable for purgation.)
In Taiyang syndrome, after purgation followed by sweating, both exterior and interior are deficient, resulting in Mao (dizziness/clouding). If sweating occurs and the exterior Qi harmonizes, it heals spontaneously; if the interior is not harmonized, then purgation should be administered again (Xiao Chengqi Tang). In Yangming syndrome, with diarrhea, stool alternating between difficulty and ease, slight fever, panting, Mao, and inability to lie down, there is dried feces (Da Chengqi Tang). In Shaoyin syndrome, if the patient desires sleep and diarrhea stops but dizziness and Mao occur, it indicates death. In Jueyin syndrome, with undigested food in stool, deep and slow pulse, red face, and slight body heat, Duyu Mao with sweating will occur, indicating resolution.
Note: Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) stated that Heart Fire steaming the Lungs causes mental confusion; purgation would be a mistake. Zhizi Qinlian Tang is appropriate. If the pulse is floating at Bing, Daochi San is appropriate. If the pulse is deep at Ding, Xiexin Tang is appropriate. Liu Hejian stated: Heat syndromes typically present with rapid pulses. However, extreme heat may paradoxically cause deep and fine pulses; misdiagnosing this as Cold is an error. Jiedu Tang combined with Da Chengqi Tang for purgation is appropriate. Alternatively, if failure to purge leads to faint pulse and Mao, urgent purgation would cause sudden extinction of residual Yin Yin; non-purgation also leads to death. Use Jiedu Tang to nourish Yin and retreat Yang, so the pulse harmonizes and life is preserved. Zhongjing said: Blood deficiency leads to Jue, and Jue inevitably leads to Mao. He also said: In Shaoyin syndrome, if diarrhea stops and dizziness/Mao occurs, it indicates death, due to extreme deficiency and collapse. Whether deficiency or excess, careful differentiation is required.