【纲】仲景曰。病者一身尽疼。发热。日晡所剧者。此名风湿。此病伤于汗出当风。或久伤寒冷
所致也。
【目】刘完素曰。身尽疼者。湿也。发热日晡所剧者。风也。若汗出当风而得之者。则先有湿
而后感风。若久伤寒冷得之者。则先伤风而后中湿。可与麻杏薏甘汤。
陶华曰。风湿必脉浮。先伤湿而后伤风也。其症肢体肿痛。不能转侧。额上微汗。恶寒不欲去
衣。大便难。小便利。热至日晡而剧。治法。但微解肌。宜羌活冲和汤。咽渴小便不利。五苓散。
外不热。内不渴。小便利。术附汤。缓弱昏迷。腹满身重。自汗失音。大便不禁。白通汤去甘草加
白术。身肿痛微喘恶风。杏仁汤。热而烦渴。小柴胡加花粉。中湿小便不利。一身尽痛。身黄。大
便快。茵陈五苓散。大小便俱利。无黄者。术附汤。身痛鼻塞。小建中汤加黄芩。
【纲】仲景曰。伤寒八九日。风湿相搏。身体疼烦。不能自转侧。不呕不渴。脉浮虚而涩者。
桂枝附子汤主之。
【目】虞抟曰。以散表中风湿。若大便硬。小便自利。桂枝去桂加白术汤。此条。妙在脉浮虚
而涩。脉若沉实滑大数者。非也。
【纲】仲景曰。风湿相搏。骨节烦疼。掣痛。不得屈伸。近之则痛剧。汗出短气。小便不利。
恶风。不欲去衣。或身微肿者。甘草附子汤主之。
风湿相搏。一身尽疼痛。法当汗出而解。值天阴雨不止。医云。此可发汗。汗之病不愈者。何
也。答曰。发其汗。汗大出者。但风气去。湿气在。是故不愈也。若治风湿者。发其汗。但微微似
欲汗出者。风湿俱去也。
【目】张兼善曰。风在外而湿在内。风湿相搏也。汗大出者。其气暴。暴则外之风邪去而里之
湿邪不出。故风则去而
湿则在也。
【纲】仲景曰。湿家其人但头汗出。背强。欲得被覆。向火。若下之早。则哕。胸满小便不利。
舌上如苔者。以丹田有热。胸中有寒。渴欲得水而不能饮。则口燥烦也。
【目】张元素曰。湿胜者则多汗。伤寒者必无汗。故寒湿相搏。虽有汗而不能周于一身。但头
汗出也。
【纲】张仲景说：患者全身疼痛，发热，在下午申时（日晡）加重，这称为风湿。这种病是由于出汗时受风，或长期遭受寒冷侵袭所致。
【目】刘完素说：全身疼痛是湿邪致病；发热且在下午申时加重是风邪致病。如果是因出汗时受风而得病，则是先有湿邪后感冒风邪；如果是因长期遭受寒冷而得病，则是先伤风邪而后中湿邪。可用麻杏薏甘汤治疗。
陶华说：风湿病脉象必然浮起，这是先伤湿邪后伤风邪。其症状表现为肢体肿痛，不能翻身转动，额头微汗，怕冷不想脱衣，大便困难，小便通畅，热势在下午申时加重。治疗方法应仅轻微解肌发表，宜用羌活冲和汤。若伴有咽干口渴、小便不利，用五苓散。若体表不热，体内不渴，小便通畅，用术附汤。若出现缓弱昏迷、腹部胀满、身体沉重、自汗、失音、大便失禁，用白通汤去掉甘草加白术。若身体肿痛、微喘、怕风，用杏仁汤。若发热且烦躁口渴，用小柴胡汤加天花粉。若中湿导致小便不利、全身疼痛、身黄、大便通畅，用茵陈五苓散。若大小便均通畅且无黄疸，用术附汤。若身体疼痛伴鼻塞，用小建中汤加黄芩。
【纲】张仲景说：患伤寒八九日，风湿相互搏结，身体疼痛剧烈，不能自行翻身转侧，没有呕吐也没有口渴，脉象浮虚而涩的，由桂枝附子汤主治。
【目】虞抟说：此方用于疏散体表的的风湿邪气。如果大便干硬，小便自利，则用桂枝去桂加白术汤。这一条的关键在于脉象浮虚而涩。如果脉象沉实、滑大、数急，则不属于此证。
【纲】张仲景说：风湿相互搏结，骨节烦痛，牵掣作痛，不能屈伸，触碰则疼痛加剧，出汗、短气，小便不利，怕风，不想脱衣，或者身体轻微浮肿的，由甘草附子汤主治。
风湿相互搏结，全身都疼痛，按理应当通过发汗来解除。如果遇到阴雨天气不止，医生说可以发汗，但发汗后病未愈，为什么呢？回答说：发汗如果汗出过多，只有风气散去，湿气仍在，所以病不愈。如果治疗风湿，发汗只要微微似要出汗的样子，风湿邪气就能一起去除。
【目】张兼善说：风邪在外而湿邪在内，这就是风湿相搏。汗出过多，其气暴烈，暴烈则体外的风邪去了而体内的湿邪出不来，所以风邪去而湿邪留滞。
【纲】张仲景说：患有湿病的病人，仅仅头部出汗，背部僵硬，想要盖被子、靠近火源取暖。如果过早使用下法，就会发生呃逆，胸满，小便不利，舌上像有苔一样，这是因为丹田有热，胸中有寒，想喝水却不能喝，从而导致口燥烦躁。
[General Principle] Zhang Zhongjing stated: When a patient suffers from pain throughout the entire body, fever, and exacerbation during the Shen hour (approximately 3-5 PM), this condition is named Wind-Dampness. This disease arises from sweating while exposed to wind, or from long-term exposure to cold.
[Commentary] Liu Wansu stated: Pain throughout the body indicates Dampness; fever that worsens during the Shen hour indicates Wind. If contracted through sweating while exposed to wind, there was pre-existing Dampness followed by Wind invasion. If contracted through long-term exposure to cold, Wind was injured first, followed by Dampness. Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang (Apricot Kernel, Ephedra, Coix Seed, and Licorice Decoction) may be administered.
Tao Hua stated: In Wind-Dampness, the pulse must be Floating. This indicates injury to Dampness first, then Wind. Symptoms include swelling and pain in the limbs, inability to turn over, slight sweating on the forehead, aversion to cold with reluctance to remove clothing, difficult defecation, free urination, and worsening heat during the Shen hour. The treatment method should only slightly release the muscle layer; Qiang Huo Chong He Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Harmonization) is appropriate. If accompanied by throat thirst and difficult urination, Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is used. If there is no external heat, internal thirst, and free urination, Shu Fu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction) is used. For symptoms of lethargy, coma, abdominal fullness, heaviness of the body, spontaneous sweating, aphonia, and incontinence of stool, Bai Tong Tang (White Conjunction Decoction) with Gancao (Licorice Root) removed and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) added is indicated. For body swelling/pain, slight wheezing, and aversion to wind, Xing Ren Tang (Apricot Kernel Decoction) is used. For heat with irritability and thirst, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Huang Jing Hua (Polygonatum Flower/Trichosanthes Root) is used. For Dampness injury causing difficult urination, whole-body pain, jaundice, and smooth defecation, Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Artemisia Capillaris Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is used. If both urination and defecation are free and there is no jaundice, Shu Fu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction) is used. For body pain with nasal congestion, Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) with Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) added is used.
[General Principle] Zhang Zhongjing stated: After eight or nine days of Cold Damage, when Wind and Dampness intermingle, causing severe body pain and inability to turn over independently, without vomiting or thirst, and with a Floating, Deficient, and Choppy pulse, Gui Zhi Fu Zi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Yu Tun stated: This disperses Wind and Dampness from the exterior. If the stool is hard and urination is free, Gui Zhi Qu Gui Jia Bai Zhu Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Cinnamon Removed and Atractylodes Added) should be used. The subtlety of this clause lies in the Floating, Deficient, and Choppy pulse. If the pulse is Deep, Excess, Slippery, Large, or Rapid, it does not fit this pattern.
[General Principle] Zhang Zhongjing stated: When Wind and Dampness intermingle, causing vexing pain in the bones and joints, pulling pain, inability to flex or extend, and intensified pain upon touch, accompanied by sweating, shortness of breath, difficult urination, aversion to wind, reluctance to remove clothing, or slight bodily edema, Gan Cao Fu Zi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment.
When Wind and Dampness intermingle, causing pain throughout the body, the law dictates resolution through sweating. If it encounters continuous rainy weather, and the physician says sweating can induce relief, but the disease persists after sweating, why is this? The answer is: If sweating causes profuse perspiration, only the Wind pathogen leaves, while Dampness remains; therefore, the disease does not resolve. When treating Wind-Dampness, inducing sweat should result only in a slight, continuous moisture on the skin; only then will both Wind and Dampness depart together.
[Commentary] Zhang Jianshan stated: Wind is on the exterior and Dampness is on the interior; this is the intermingling of Wind and Dampness. Profuse sweating implies violent Qi; violence causes the external Wind pathogen to leave while the internal Dampness pathogen fails to exit. Thus, Wind departs while Dampness remains.
[General Principle] Zhang Zhongjing stated: Patients suffering from Dampness diseases may exhibit sweating only on the head, stiffness in the back, and a desire to cover themselves with blankets or sit near fire. If purgatives are applied too early, hiccups, chest fullness, and difficult urination will occur. The tongue may appear coated due to Heat in the Lower Dan Tian and Cold in the Chest. The patient may feel thirsty and desire water but be unable to drink, resulting in dry mouth and vexation.
[Commentary] Zhang Yuanyu stated: When Dampness prevails, there is much sweating; in Cold Damage, there is necessarily no sweating. Therefore, when Cold and Dampness intermingle, although there is sweating, it cannot circulate throughout the body, resulting in sweating only on the head.