论曰∶脉变于内，病形于外，相参以察其理。气热脉满，是谓重实。脉实以坚，谓之益
甚。上下相失，不可数者死，谓至数也。脉口热而尺反缓，皮肤外证也，滑则从，涩则逆。
寸口肤热而尺肤寒，是经气有余，络气不足也。尺肤热脉满，寸口肤寒脉涩，是经气不足，
络气有余也。脉寸虚尺虚，是谓重虚，重虚者死。寸虚者，病情无常，神不守也。尺虚者，
行走 然，脉滑则生，涩则死。脉急大坚，尺涩而不应，谓之形满，手足温则生，寒则死。
乳子中风热，喘鸣肩息，脉缓则生，急则死。下痢白沫，脉沉则生，浮则死。下痢脓血，脉
悬绝则死，滑则生。浮涩之脉，身有热者死。癫疾之脉，博大而滑，久久自已，脉小坚急，
死不治。病患口甘而渴，此数食甘美而多肥，五气之溢也，谓之脾瘅病。人口苦，此因数谋
虑不决，胆虚气上溢，是谓胆瘅。凡消瘅之脉实大，病久可治。病患身热如炭，颈膺如格，
人迎躁盛，喘息气逆，太阴脉微细如发者，死不治，谓气口与人迎不相应也。心脉满大，痫
螈筋变。肝脉小急，痫痉筋挛。肝脉骛暴，有所惊骇。无故而喑，脉不至，不治自已，谓气
暴厥也，气复则已。肾脉小急，肝脉小急，皆为瘕。肝脉并沉为石水，并浮为风水，并虚为
死，并小弦为惊。肾脉大急沉，肝脉大急沉，皆为疝。肺沉博为肺疝。太阳急为瘕，膀胱气
也。太阴急为脾疝。少阴急为痫厥，心病也。少阳急为惊，胆病也。脾脉沉鼓为肠癖，由饱
食而筋脉横解，肠癖为痔。胃脉沉鼓涩，胃外鼓大。心脉小急，皆为偏枯。年不满二十者，
三岁死。脉至而搏，血衄身热者死。心肝脉小沉涩，为肠癖。心脉至如喘，名曰暴厥，不知
与人言。脉至如数，使人暴惊，三四日自已。肺脉有余，病皮痹，闭不通而生瘾疹，不足，
病肺痹寒湿。脾脉有余，病肉痹，寒中，阴隔塞也。肝脉有余，病筋痹，胁满不利；不足，
病肝痹。肾脉有余，病骨痹，身重；不足，病肾痹。凡阴病见阳脉者生，谓病患四肢厥，恶
寒多汗，脉得洪大数实也。阳病见阴脉者死，谓病患身热狂躁谵言，欲饮水，脉得沉细微迟
也。
论述说：脉象的变化反映在体内，病症的表现显露于体表，通过相互参照来考察其内在机理。气分热盛而脉象充实盛大，这叫做“重实”。脉象既实且坚，说明病情更加严重。寸口与尺部脉象上下失调、紊乱无法计数的，主死，这是指脉搏至数极度混乱。脉口（寸口）皮肤发热而尺部皮肤反而迟缓松弛，这是体表的证候，脉滑顺为顺证，脉涩滞为逆证。寸口皮肤发热而尺部皮肤寒冷，这是经气有余、络气不足。尺部皮肤发热、脉象充实，而寸口皮肤寒冷、脉象涩滞，这是经气不足、络气有余。寸部和尺部脉象都虚弱，这叫做“重虚”，重虚者主死。寸部脉虚，表现为病情变化无常，神志不能内守。尺部脉虚，表现为行走时摇晃不稳，若脉滑则生，脉涩则死。脉象急大坚实，但尺部脉涩且不与寸部相应，这叫做“形满”，手足温暖则生，手足寒冷则死。婴儿患中风热邪，出现喘息有声、耸肩呼吸的症状，脉象缓则生，脉急则死。下痢白沫，脉沉则生，脉浮则死。下痢脓血，脉象悬绝（极微弱或极强劲无根）则死，脉滑则生。脉象浮涩，身体发热的，主死。癫疾的脉象，若博大而滑，久病也能自愈；若脉小坚急，主死且难以治疗。病人口中甘甜且口渴，这是因为多次食用甘美肥腻食物，导致五脏之气外溢，这叫做“脾瘅”病。人口中发苦，这是因为屡次谋虑不决，导致胆气虚弱、胆气上溢，这叫做“胆瘅”。凡是消瘅病的脉象实大，病程虽久也可治疗。病人身体发热像火炭一样，颈部和胸膺部感觉像被格拒阻隔，人迎脉躁动盛大，喘息气逆，太阴脉微细如头发丝般的，主死且难治，这是因为气口与人迎脉不相呼应。心脉满大，易患癫痫抽搐、筋脉拘挛。肝脉小急，易患癫痫痉挛、筋脉拘挛。肝脉疾速暴急，多因受到惊吓所致。无故失音，脉象摸不到，不治也能自愈，这是因为气机突然厥逆，气机恢复则痊愈。肾脉小急，肝脉小急，都会形成瘕积。肝脉兼见沉象为石水，兼见浮象为风水，兼见虚象为主死，兼见小弦脉为惊悸。肾脉大急沉，肝脉大急沉，都会形成疝气。肺脉沉搏有力为肺疝。太阳经脉急为瘕积，是膀胱气机病变。太阴经脉急为脾疝。少阴经脉急为痫厥，属心病。少阳经脉急为惊悸，属胆病。脾脉沉而鼓指为肠癖（痢疾），这是由于饱食后筋脉弛缓，肠癖进而发展为痔疮。胃脉沉取涩滞，胃脉外按宏大。心脉小急，都会导致偏枯（半身不遂）。年龄不满二十岁的，三年后死亡。脉象来势搏击有力，伴有鼻出血、身体发热的，主死。心脉和肝脉小沉涩，会导致肠癖。心脉至如喘促之状，名叫暴厥，不能与人言语。脉至如数脉之状，使人突然受惊，三到四天后自愈。肺脉有余，病皮痹，闭塞不通而生瘾疹（风团）；肺脉不足，病肺痹寒湿。脾脉有余，病肉痹，寒中，阴气隔塞。肝脉有余，病筋痹，胁肋胀满不利；肝脉不足，病肝痹。肾脉有余，病骨痹，身体沉重；肾脉不足，病肾痹。凡是阴病见到阳脉的，主生，指病人四肢厥冷、恶寒多汗，却得到洪大数实的脉象。阳病见到阴脉的，主死，指病人身体发热、狂躁谵语、想喝水，却得到沉细微迟的脉象。
It is stated that: Pulse changes manifest internally, while disease forms manifest externally; by correlating the two, one can investigate the underlying principles. When Qi is hot and the pulse is full and large, this is called "Chong Shi" (Double Excess). When the pulse is excess and firm, it indicates the condition is worsening. If the upper (Cun) and lower (Chi) pulses are discordant and chaotic to the point of being uncountable, death ensues; this refers to extreme irregularity in pulse frequency. If the Cun Kou (radial artery at wrist) skin is hot but the Chi skin is slow and relaxed, this is an external cutaneous sign; a slippery pulse indicates a favorable outcome, while a choppy pulse indicates an unfavorable one. If the Cun skin is hot but the Chi skin is cold, this indicates excess Jing Qi (Meridian Qi) and deficiency of Luo Qi (Collateral Qi). If the Chi skin is hot and the pulse is full, but the Cun skin is cold and the pulse is choppy, this indicates deficiency of Jing Qi and excess of Luo Qi. If both the Cun and Chi pulses are deficient, this is called "Chong Xu" (Double Deficiency); patients with Double Deficiency die. Cun deficiency manifests as unpredictable病情 (condition fluctuations) and Shen (Spirit) failing to reside within. Chi deficiency manifests as unsteady walking; if the pulse is slippery, there is life, but if choppy, death ensues. If the pulse is urgent, large, and firm, yet the Chi pulse is choppy and does not correspond to the Cun, this is called "Xing Man" (Form Fullness); if the hands and feet are warm, there is life, but if cold, death ensues. If an infant contracts Wind-Heat, presenting with wheezing, stridor, and shoulder breathing, a slow pulse indicates survival, while an urgent pulse indicates death. In dysentery with white mucus, a deep pulse indicates survival, while a floating pulse indicates death. In dysentery with pus and blood, a Xuan Jue (suspended and severed/extreme) pulse indicates death, while a slippery pulse indicates survival. A floating and choppy pulse accompanied by body heat indicates death. For Dian Ji (Epilepsy/Mental Disorder), a broad, large, and slippery pulse suggests self-resolution even after a long duration; however, a small, firm, and urgent pulse indicates death and untreatability. If a patient's mouth tastes sweet and they feel thirsty, this results from frequent consumption of sweet and fatty foods, causing overflow of the Five Zang Qi, known as Pi Dan (Spleen Heat/Dampness). If a person's mouth tastes bitter, this results from prolonged indecision in planning, leading to Gallbladder Qi deficiency and upward overflow of Gallbladder Qi, known as Dan Dan (Gallbladder Heat). Generally, for Xiao Dan (Wasting-Thirst), if the pulse is excess and large, the condition is treatable even if chronic. If a patient's body is hot like charcoal, the neck and chest feel obstructed, the Ren Ying (carotid) pulse is restless and vigorous, there is wheezing and reversed Qi flow, and the Tai Yin pulse is minute and fine like hair, death is inevitable and untreatable; this is because the Qi Kou (radial) and Ren Ying pulses do not correspond. If the Heart pulse is full and large, it predisposes to epilepsy, convulsions, and tendon changes. If the Liver pulse is small and urgent, it predisposes to epilepsy, spasm, and tendon contraction. If the Liver pulse is rapid and violent, it is due to fright. Sudden loss of voice without cause, with no palpable pulse, will resolve spontaneously without treatment; this is due to sudden Qi Jue (Rebellion/Counterflow), and resolves when Qi returns. If the Kidney pulse is small and urgent, or the Liver pulse is small and urgent, both indicate Jia masses. If the Liver pulse combines with sinking, it is Shi Shui (Stone Water); if combined with floating, it is Feng Shui (Wind Water); if combined with deficiency, it indicates death; if combined with small and wiry, it indicates fright. If the Kidney pulse is large, urgent, and sinking, or the Liver pulse is large, urgent, and sinking, both indicate Shan hernias. If the Lung pulse is deep and robust, it is Fei Shan (Lung Hernia). If the Tai Yang pulse is urgent, it is Jia accumulation, related to Bladder Qi. If the Tai Yin pulse is urgent, it is Pi Shan (Spleen Hernia). If the Shao Yin pulse is urgent, it is Dian Jue (Epileptic Syncope), related to Heart disease. If the Shao Yang pulse is urgent, it is Jing (Fright), related to Gallbladder disease. If the Spleen pulse is deep and beating, it is Chang Pi (Intestinal Dysentery), caused by overeating leading to tendon relaxation and intestinal issues progressing to hemorrhoids. If the Stomach pulse is deep and choppy, or externally feels large, and the Heart pulse is small and urgent, all lead to Pian Ku (Hemiplegia). Those under twenty years old will die within three years. If the pulse arrives with a beating force, accompanied by epistaxis and body heat, death ensues. If the Heart and Liver pulses are small, deep, and choppy, it leads to Chang Pi. If the Heart pulse feels like panting, it is named Bao Jue (Sudden Syncope), where the patient cannot speak. If the pulse feels like a rapid pulse, it causes sudden fright, resolving in three to four days. If the Lung pulse is excessive, it causes Pi Bi (Skin Bi), obstruction leading to Yin Zhen (Urticaria); if deficient, it causes Fei Bi (Lung Bi) with cold-dampness. If the Spleen pulse is excessive, it causes Rou Bi (Muscle Bi) with cold invasion and Yin obstruction; if deficient, it causes Gan Bi (Liver Bi). If the Liver pulse is excessive, it causes Jin Bi (Tendon Bi) with hypochondriac fullness and difficulty; if deficient, it causes Gan Bi. If the Kidney pulse is excessive, it causes Gu Bi (Bone Bi) with heaviness; if deficient, it causes Shen Bi. Generally, if Yin diseases present with Yang pulses, there is life; this refers to patients with cold limbs, aversion to cold, and profuse sweating, yet exhibiting Hong Da Shuo Shi (Large, Rapid, Excess) pulses. If Yang diseases present with Yin pulses, there is death; this refers to patients with body heat, mania, delirium, and thirst for water, yet exhibiting Chen Xi Wei Chi (Deep, Fine, Minute, Slow) pulses.